Monoethyl joala

Butanol - ke lebitso la e tloaelehileng ea e mong oa alcohols monovalent. Ho e sebetsa lebitso hlophisitsoeng - 1-butanol, hammoho le batho ba bang - n g-butanol (tloaelehile butanol) kapa monoethyl joala. Ka molek'hule ena mathomo joala na liathomo k'habone tse 'nè, tse amanang mong ho e mong,' me ho hydroxyl sehlopha nka sebaka e 'ngoe athomo hydrogen tsa pele lik'hemik'hale moralo C. - C4H9OH, kwalwang - CH3 (CH2) 3OH, bonahetseng - C4H10O.

Molare boima ba 'n'-butanol lekanang 74,1 g, / mole. Boemong e tloaelehileng, ke mokelikeli le segokanyipalo sa tsa 0,81 g, / cm³. Qhibiliha ntlha C4H9OH - ho tloswa 90,2 ° C, a phehile mocheso - garena 117,4 ° C. The refractive index of ntho e hloekileng tšoana le 1.399. Autoignites 1-butanol ka mocheso oa 345 ° C le ka roba ka mocheso oa 34 ° C.

Monoethyl joala ke guttate hydrocarbon sebopeho seo e mong athomo hydrogen ka ho feteletseng C liathomo ka go engwa legatong ke sehlopha hydroxyl. E na isomers mararo ho ba le lebitso la e hlophisitsoeng:

• 2-methylene-1-propanol - se makala a ketane hydrocarbon le sehlopha, methyl ka bobeli le sehlopha hydroxyl ka pele har'a carbon athomo;
• 2-butanol - guttate hydrocarbon sebopeho le sehlopha hydroxyl ka bobeli har'a carbon athomo;
• 2-methylene-2-propanol - hydrocarbon se makala a sebopeho le methylene le sehlopha hydroxyl ka bobeli har'a carbon athomo.

mabitso a sa reng letho bakeng sa dintho tsena tšoanang tatelano tšoanang: mot-butanol (joala isobutyl), set lao-butanol le bromophenyl-butanol.

Limolek'hule butanol isomers fapana ka sebopeho, leha ho le joalo, lintho tse ohle a mane le akaretsang moralo o balletsweng C4H9OH na lintlha tse fapaneng qhibiliha, ntlha phehile le litšobotsi tse ling. Kahoo, ho etsa mohlala, monoethyl le alcohols isobutyl ba feela solubility, athe isomers tse ling tse peli tse feletseng miscible ka metsi. Sena ke hobane ka sebōpeho sa alcohols tsohle (CnH2n + 1OH) sehlopha hydroxyl e amang polarity, e thusa hore ho eketsa metsi solubility. Nako e le nngwe kgolo ya liathomo k'habone ka molek'hule ea di raraanyang go tshebetso ena. Ha alcohols mathomo tse kang methanol, ethanol 'me propanol ke miscible ho feletseng ka metsi, ka nako eo-n-butanol - tekano.

Bromophenyl-monoethyl joala (ho seng joalo 2-methylene-2-propanol kapa bromophenyl-butanol) - e bonolo e phahameng joala. Ke mokelikeli hlakile (kapa colorless tiileng). joala Sena ke haholo qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, e tsoakiloeng ka diethyl phenylate le ethanol. Ke buka e ikhethang har'a isomers tsa butanol, hobane ka phekoloa ka wa kamore le qhibiliha ka thempereichara e hanyenyane ka holimo 25 ° C. Bromophenyl-butanol ke byproduct ka tlhahiso ea isobutane le oxide e propylene. Ho feta moo, e ka fumanoa ka ho catalytic hydration tsa isobutylene.

Joaloka alcohols tse ling tse ngata, monoethyl joala ho kotsi ntho. Leha ho le joalo, ho bontša boemo ba ka tlaase ea toxicity ka liphoofolo tse laboratori ea hona amana le ho lekaneng sireletsehileng le dintho sebelisoa ka litlolo. Leha ho le joalo, ho e ka letlalo ka 'mele oa motho li ka etsa hore bohareng tsamaiso ea methapo ho tepella maikutlo. joala Contact ka mahlo a etsa hore ho teneha haholo ho bona, ho e ka letlalo - e leka-lekaneng. Maemong a mangata, butanol ka potlako metabolized ho carbon dioxide. Kotsi mathomo le hlaha ka lebaka la ho pepesehela ka nako e telele ho qhala mosi. chefo haholo ka ntshetsa pele ho tepella maikutlo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng le e ka etsa hore esita le lefu.

Poleloana e reng "botekgeniki joala" hangata sebelisoa ho ethanol, empa le ka boela la ngotsoe ke meea tse ling. Ka mohlala, ha butanol ho nkoa ka karolo ea mafura a likoloi. E ea sebetsang ho ka bokgoni le phahame ho feta ethanol, e le matla a hore e hlahisoang ke combustion e ba ka tsela e lekanang tsa mafura ka C4H9OH phahame ho feta C2H5OH. Butanol e ka sebediswa e le tseloe ho mafura disele, ka tsela eo ho fokotsa mosili dikahare ka likhase qeta monono.

Monoethyl joala e haholo-holo sebelisoa ka solvent kapa ba thusang lihlahisoa tsa tswakana lik'hemik'hale, hammoho le peterole. E le solvent sebelisoa ka Textile le lik'hemik'hale liindasteri le. Hape ke karolo ea maro haeteroliki le Brake, kapa, ho sa tsotellehe monko oa hae le lekhoba la tahi, motheo oa ho nkhang hamonate le.