The octane nomoro ea peterole

Peterole - mokelikeli chang ba se nang 'mala, kapa le o fokolang yellowish tinge (haeba ho na additives khethehileng). E le hore ho ntlafatsa thepa sebetsa tsa mafura dilenaneo sebelisoa ka dienjini combustion e ka hare, bahlahisi ba leka ho eketsa octane nomoro ea peterole. Ho etsa sena, eketsa metsoako e tsamaisanang ka eona. Ha combustion e bath utlwahala molumo oa tšepe e hlahisoang ke ho detonation tsokoang sephetho ho tswa ponahatso multiple tsa sona leboteng silindara, ka bokgoni dilenaneo e fokotsehile, ho feta moo, e potlakisa qhoaele.

Tabeng ena re ka bolela hore ba futsanehileng e mafura quality, e le octane nomoro e tlase. Detonation enjene mafura botsitso, i.e. matla a ho hanela ho intša thothetsang molelo ka lebaka la ho compression ka meqomo e le enjene ho sebelisa mehaho e tšoaeang palo ena. Numerically ke molumo karoloana ea isooctane (mabitso a mang: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) ka motsoako tse peli-karolo e nang le tsona-n-heptane. Jwalo ka motsoako mabapi le antiknock oa sona tlas'a maemo a tekanyetso teko hlahisa le phello lekanang fuputswa mafura.

Isooctane - se makala a ketane phelelang hydrocarbon C8H18. Ho leboha ho thepa ea eona, ha ho bonolo ho oxidize esita le ka e phahameng compression karo-karolelano, kahoo, ho e conventionally amohela kokota ho hanyetsa ba diyuniti 100. N-heptane ka dilenaneo ho itshwara ka tsela e fapaneng: esita le ka dikabo tlaase compression e tsamaea le tshebetso ya e le hantle combustion e detonation Leha ho le joalo, sekhahla ena e nkiloe ka 0 diyuniti bakeng sa eona. Maemong tseo moo mafura octane palo ka holimo 100, bakeng sa hlahlobo ya boleng tekanyo e lona sebelisoa metsoako tlas'a maemo a lona, ao ho 'ona ho karolo ya sehlooho - isooctane - tetraethyl eketsa dosages tse sa tšoaneng.

Ka hona, e ka pheha khang ea hore palo ena ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea mafura a likoloi. E bontša kamoo peterole e manganga ho detonation, hore ke mollo tšohanyetso ka diselennere engine. mafura a phatloha kgonego ya enjene combustion e ka hare e tla ba bao e ba ammeng ka ho fetisisa ha sekhahla sena se phahameng. Ha ho octane nomoro ea peterole e lumellana diyuniti 95, ho detonates motsoako entsoeng ka 95% 2,2,4-trimethylpentane le 5% tloaelehile heptane. Mora kalafo mathomo bakeng sa oli sehlahisoa bitsoa motsu, boleng ena bath seoelo feta diyuniti tse 70. Ka hona, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba sehlopheng tlaase peterole sebediswa eseng feela compounding (kopanya le lihlahisoa phahameng-octane), empa e boetse e antidetonators tsamaisoa ka chelete ea ho fihlela ho 0,3%.

boleng mafura itšetlehile haholo ka ho hlophisoa ha liminerale, ho tloha eo e fumanoa ka fractionation kapa distillation, - oli. Ho bohlokoa ho lintho tse kang e tiileng e qamathelang e, ea ho hlophisoa palophatlo, boteng ba metsoako sebabole le paraffins, le diteng tsa metsi le matsoai qhibiliha ho eona. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsena mohlomong susumetsa litšobotsi sebetsa le kgetho ya thekenoloji. Boleng ba peterole, i.e. lona boleng octane palo, ea etsang qeto ea hydrocarbon ho hlophisoa ha oli, 'me joale mokhoa oa ho e lokisa lona, tseo le tsona li itšetlehile ka hore na lintho tse ngata peterole e isooctane, n g-heptane, metsoako nkhang hamonate,' me joalo-joalo.

Ntlafatsa antiknock thepa ea peterole eona aromatics. The dikahare tse phahameng tsa benzene, haholo-holo e ama boemo ba tikoloho e le mohloli oa benzopyrene (a carcinogen). maemo e phahameng ea aromatics phahameng e belang e khothalletsa mosili sebopeho ka kamoreng combustion e le di-valve engine. All ena degrades litsupa tshebetso kang enjene tshebetso, bokgoni, tikoloho le litšobotsi moruo mosebetsi oa eona. Mosili thehoa kamoreng combustion e etsa hore mong'a koloi khetha mafura enjene e le hore octane nomoro ea peterole e ne e phahameng. Otherwise significantly lowered power or motor works with detonation.