Mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons: litšobotsi tse akaretsang le tšebeliso

E o ile a hlokomela hore ka tlhaho li etsahala hydrocarbons atile. dintho ho fetisisa manyolo tswang mehloli ea tlhaho. Nakong ea tswakana tsa metsoako manyolo ka lihlahisoa tse tala e sebelisoa likhase tlhaho le tsamaeang, mashala, lignite, oli shale, peat, lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo le hlahang ho yona sa meroho.

mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons: likhase tlhaho.

Natural likhase - motsoako ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons ya sebopeho sa tšoaneng le ba bang ba likhase ea litšila (sulfide hydrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide) eo e tletse lefika lefika ka karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. metsoako tsena di thehoa ke hydrolysis ya dintho le manyolo ka bolibeng haholoanyane botenya ea Lefatše. Ba teng ka boemo lokolohile ka mokgwa wa masihla e khōlō - khase, khase condensate le masimo oli le khase.

Ka sehloohong mehaho karolo ea khase combustible tlhaho CH4 (methane e - 98%), C2H6 (hlahisoang moo ethane - 4,5%), Propane (1,7% S3N8-), butane (C4H10 - 0,8%), pentane (0 S5N12- , 6%). Related oli e tala khase kenyelelitsoe oli sebopeho ka mmuso qhibiliha le e lokolloa e loketseng ho phokotso khatello ea ho phahamisa oli ho holim'a metsi. Masimong khase le oli ton mong oa oli kenyelletsa ditokiseletso ho tloha 30 ho ea ho 300 sq. limithara khase. mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons - mafura tsa bohlokoa le lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa indasteri manyolo tswakana. Khase e fuoa dimela khase e lokisa, moo recyclable (oli, le tlaase-mocheso adsorption, condensation, le rectification). E e arotsoe dikarolo arohaneng, e mong le e ba e sebelisetsoa merero e itseng. Ka mohlala, methane e hlahisitseng hydrogen, tswakana khase, tse motheo e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa hydrocarbons a mang, acetylene, methanol, methanal, chloroform.

mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons: oli.

Oli - motsoako rarahaneng, e leng e na le e le hantle ya naphthenic, paraffinic le hydrocarbons nkhang hamonate. The oli sebopeho kenyelletsa ditokiseletso sekontiri-ntšang boroku dintho, acid e naphthenic, mono- le disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene, thiophane, sulfide hydrogen, piperidine, pyridine le homologs lona, hammoho le lintho tse ling. Thehiloeng lihlahisoa tsa oli hloekisa ka thuso ea peterolo tswakana mekhoa e fumanweng tse fetang 3000 lihlahisoa tse sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le ethylene, benzene, propylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, styrene, ethanol, isopropanol, butylene, tse fapa-fapaneng dipolasetiki, ea likhole tse iketselitsoeng, lidae, detergents, lithethefatsi, liqhomane, joalo-joalo

mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons peat.

Peat - the magweregwere se hlahang ho yona sa meroho. boitsebiso boo e ne e sebelisetsoa ka mafura a (haholo-holo bakeng sa ho limela matla a), lik'hemik'hale tse tala (bakeng sa tswakana ya dintho tse ngata manyolo), senyeha matlakala mapolasing haholo-holo likhoho, motsoako manyolo bakeng sa lema le cropping.

mehloli ea tlhaho ea hydrocarbons: xylem, kapa lehong.

Xylem - dinama tse nyenyane tse ea limela e phahameng, e leng metsi le qhibiliha limatlafatsi tsoa metso ho makhasi a tsamaiso, hammoho le litho tse ling tsa semela. Ho e na le khetla melala ea lisele tse ba le vascular tsamaiso e khopo introducer. Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa lifate e na le palo e sa tšoaneng ea pectin dintho le metsoako matsoai (haholo-holo khalsiamo letsoai), lipids le oli ea bohlokoa. Wood sebelisoa e le mafura a le, e ka tsa maiketsetso joala, methyl, atsetantnuyu acid e, selulose, 'me lintho tse ling. Mefuta e meng ea lehong fana ka lidae (sandalwood, le ne logwood), tannins (the oak), halogenated le balsams (kedare, phaene, kalse mohbat), alkaloids (dimela tsa lelapa Solanaceae, Poppy, Ranunculaceae, Umbelliferae). Ba bang ba alkaloids a sebelisoa e le lithethefatsi (chitin, caffeine), dibolayangwang (anabasine), bolaeang likokoanyana (bokoali).