Mefuta e foqohe ea li-fungus. Rare le le kotsing ea mefuta e meng ea li-fungus, limela le liphoofolo Russia Red Book

Ho bokella li-mushroom ka morung, 'maloa ba rōna re nahane ka taba ea hore ba, joaloka limela tse ling le liphoofolo e ka' na ka le haufi le ho fela. Tse ling tsa tsona li e telele bile foqohe me ha a sa hōla naheng ya rona. ke mefuta ena foqohe ea li-mushroom ke efe? Le eng hona joale a le kotsing ea ho fela?

ke karolo ea li-mushroom ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea lefatše ke efe?

batho ba bangata ba nahana hore li-mushroom ho hlokahala feela tshebediso ya batho. Ya e le hantle, ba ile ba ba e ntle le e ka mefuta halikiloeng le phehiloeng le omisitsoeng, 'me ka har'a asene. Leha ho le joalo, ho phaella ho ho kena felisa monna ho ikutloa a lapile, ba ile ba phetha karolo e khōlō tikoloho ho lefatšeng ka bophara. 'Nete ea hore e ne e le li-mushroom ke elements bohlokoa haholo hore ke habohlokoa eseng feela hore le batho empa hape oohle oa tlhaho.

Mohlala, saprophytic fungal mefuta recycle litlhaka kahare ho sa batleheng le lihlahisoa tsa bophelo le leng semela, hammoho le ka nako ya matla e ba khutlela karolo ea lintho tse bonahalang tse ka morao ka mobu. Ha sena se ne se khaola li-mushroom dintho habonolo ananelang litho tse ling tsa lintho tse phelang tikolohong eo. ke mefuta e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ea ho li-fungus seo, bala on.

Mycorrhizal li-fungus tse hōle ka lifate, thusa ho fana ka "hlokahale lona phelisana le baahelani ba ka 'bakeng sa bona ho mongobo. Tomoso a nkoa e le e babatsehang e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho indasteri e lijo. Penicillin e ile ea sebelisoa ka ho hlahisa penicillin.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, li-mushroom ba le thuso 'me hlokahala bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele e feletseng ea limela, liphoofolo le batho. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho tšilafalo ea tikoloho e loketseng ea ho senngoa ha meru, ba bangata ba bona ke le haufi le ho fela. Mong le e mong selemo mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela ea li-mushroom feela hōla. Ba bangata ba mefuta e le thuso decreases. Ho thibela pheliso ea mefuta e meng ea li-mushroom, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho tseba hantle hore na le mefuta e kotsing.

Amanita pineal, kapa nkgetheng ba pele ba ho fela

E mong oa mefuta ea pele ea li-fungus ka lethathamo le ke ka seoelo Amanita Strobiliformis. Ho ntle e ntle moemeli masheromo ka bakoang tšoeu le cap,. O na le e tsoeu e le linama makhasi ao, 'me o moholo angular sekala, kholo, hoo e batlang e le lesale hlapa ka bohareng ba maoto a ka. Bolelele ba eona ke 8-15 cm, le bophara -. 4.2 cm, ka eena pejana baemeli ba lilemo tsa mofuta ona ba le tšobotsi metsero paterone ke fringing maoto fungus e.

Ho makatsang ke hore, sena masheromo ka seoelo e bua ka jeoang. Ho ka senya le ka mor'a pretreatment ho ja a sa tšabe hore chefo. Haeba o na le thahasello ka ho mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela ea li-mushroom ka Russia, sena ke sona mofuta ofe e lokelang ho sireletsoa. Ho latela boitsebiso bo selelekela, ho amanita pineal ka fumanoa merung eike ea sebaka se Belgorod.

Sparassis crispa, masheromo kapa k'habeche

The masheromo bobeli ba hloka tšireletso ea - sparassis crispa. Ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa tloaelehang cap, ho hangata e bitswang masheromo kapa lefarung hop. seoelo haholo jeoang fungus e, bao e leng ea sparassidaceae lelapa.

Ntle, ho bonahala joaloka seponche leoatle kapa hlooho mocha ea hop ka mokgwa atolosoa. hlooho ea eona e na le chitja kapa irregularly chitja sebopeho cm, 5-20 ka bophahamo le hoo e ka bang 6-30 cm, ka bophara. Ka linako tse ling Boima ba mohlala ho makatse ka fihla lik'hilograma 6-10. Hola ea mofuta ona e haufi le lifate le stumps.

Ho ka ba khetho e fetoha ka mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela ea li-mushroom ka Russia, joalokaha ho le hlaha ka hare ho naha ya rona e sa tloaelehang ka ho fetisisa. Ka lebaka le tšoanang e sparassis ile thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela. Ka nako eo la pokello lona linthong tsa tlhaho e tieo thibetsoe, kahoo ba bang ba batho ba ratang li-fungus artificially le hlahileng ho eena.

Le nale, empa klonoa

E sa tloaelehang sebopeho nang moemeli e 'ngoe ea li-fungus kotsing ea ho fela - raincoat nale. E tšoauoa ke boteng ba likatiba potoloha le spines tse ngata. The bophara ea 'mele oa eona -. Cm, 2-4 feela E a hlomelloa le e chitja hlooho cap,-kholo' me maoto a batlang e le khutšoanyane. E lulang ho eona fungus e ena ka phaene moriti le meru deciduous. Ba hōla ka lehong le koahetsoeng ka hol. Ho na le likopi tse 'ngoe.

mefuta e kotsing ea ho fela ea li-mushroom Red Book: bolete tšoeu

Ngoe e babatsehang jeoang li-mushroom, tse kotsing ea ho fela - bolete tšoeu. Ho ke ea genus Lektsinum le o na le e khethollang 'mala o mosoeu le monko oa masheromo o hloekileng. Ho elongate leoto le tse nyenyane kapa khanya brownish flake oblong le lekaneng hlooho nyane ka bophara ka kakaretso ba ka bang 25 cm,.

Ho kopana le masheromo ena e ka ba ka ho Leningrad, Penza, Murmansk le Moscow libaka.

Nyamela masheromo khoba kapa Gyroporus Cyanescens

Haeba o na le thahasello ka ho mefuta e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ea ho li-mushroom, o lokela ho lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho hlollang masheromo khoba. ke litšobotsi tse lona ke efe? Sena masheromo kholo ka katiba e tenya, fihla bophara ea 5-15 cm,. E na le katiba e bataletse kapa hanyenyane khonvekse bohlooho-sootho kapa sootho bosehla. leoto la hae ka toka e tenya, le thickening ka botlaaseng. Bolelele ba maoto a ka, ka tloaelo ke cm, 5-10 le botenya - tsa cm, 1.5 ho 3.

Ha o hahola e masheromo le fracture, re ka bona hore leoto fracture liphetoho hae mantlha mmala. O tla khelosa putsoa kapa pherese. Fumana fungus ka tsoakane kapa meru deciduous tlasa birches, dieike le lifate chestnut. Leha ho le joalo, mofuta o sa tloaelehang ka ho fetisisa, kahoo e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka kotsing ea ho fela.

Red masheromo ka katiba Velvet

Lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho mefuta eohle ea kotsing ea ho fela ea limela le li-fungus, re ke ke ra bolella ka li-mushroom e chestnut. Ena e ntle tse fapa-fapaneng pileate li-mushroom tubular le lehlaka la mala brownish, sekoti ka hare. Ho bonahala eka e fungus e tšoeu, ho fapana le seo o chestnut-sootho kapa e khubelu-sootho cap, le bophara ba ho tswa ho limilimithara tse 40 ho ea 110.

E ka bone ka Caucasus karolong e ka boroa ea Russia le ka Bophirimela Siberia. E e ntse e hōla haholo-holo ka nako ya ho tloha July ho September. Ke ka seoelo ho fetisisa linthong tsa tlhaho, 'me ka hona e ne e akarelletsa ho Red Book.

Rare Grifola frondosa, kapa fungus e-pheleu

Araba potso ea hore na ke mefuta e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ea ho li-fungus, lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho Grifola frondosa. Ena e ikhethang jeoang li-mushroom le e sa tloaelehang crispy tholoana 'mele sebopeho le ka 80 cm,. Hangata li-fungus tsena li khona ho finyella lik'hilograma tse fetang 10.

Ka tloaelo ho, ho li-mushroom-pheleu e na le palo e khōlō ea likatiba tse nyenyane e bataletse ha se ho feta 10 cm e le bophara ba. Ka tsela eo likatiba kaofela ba na le maoto a arohaneng tsoang ka botlaaseng ba tloaelehileng.

fungus e ena e ntse e hōla, hangata e karolong e ka tlaase ea lifate tse kang maple leaf, beech, chestnut. seoelo haholo. Seo mefuta e meng e kotsing ea ho fela ea li-fungus le teng, re bolella on.

E sa tloaelehang pherese cortinarius

Cortinarius violaceus - e ntle masheromo, fumanoa ka Leningrad, Moscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Vologda le Sverdlovsk libaka.

Cortinarius - e jeoang li-mushroom, ho ba le tšobotsi e putsoa-bopherese 'mala. E na pincushion cap, le bophara ba tse ka bang 15 cm, le e phahameng lehlaka 6-12 cm, phahameng le 1-2 cm, ka bophara. Karolo e 'ngoe ea eona e ka holimo ho na le flakes nyenyane.

Moriana lingzhi masheromo

The tloaelehang le le kotsing ea mefuta ea limela le li-fungus lokela ho ngolwa le ena saprophytic moemeli Ganodermovyh lelapa ka lingzhi masheromo. Ena e ntle e bataletse masheromo, ho feta ka tloaelo ho e tsejoang e le "li-mushroom, ho se shoe" kapa "Ling Zhi". E na le boreleli holim cap, tsa e khubelu, e sootho kapa pherese le letšo-letšo makhasi ao Woody.

Tšobotsi la ntlha la oona ke limatlafatsi hore e na le. Ho leboha ho eena ka lebaka la fungus e ena etsa tinctures le moriana.

Ho hōla le fungus e, e leng e ne e akarelletsa ho Red Book, e sebakeng Amur, Japane, Korea le China. Russia, ho tloaelehile hore batho ka North Caucasus, hammoho le ka Krasnodar le Stavropol masimong.

E sa tloaelehang blackberries staghorn

Ho ithuta kotsing ea ho fela limela, li-fungus le liphoofolo, motho a ke ke lebala ka joalo e fungus e sa tloaelehang, staghorn joaloka blackberries. Ena ke ka seoelo haholo li-mushroom, moemeli, o na dihlopha tse tšeletseng tsa boemo ba fumanoa seoelo le ke ea liemahale tsa tlhaho.

Blackberries e na le sebopeho sa tloaelehang le e pono re hopotsang metsing likorale tšoeu. E e ntse e hōla ka stumps le likutu tsa lifate (boholo - ka birch le Aspen). E fumanoa ka mehloli Russia Federation ka naheng ea Lake Baikal ka Bochabela Siberia. Akarelletsoa Bo-Red Book.

Seo li-mushroom li nkoa ho ba nyamela?

Lenaneng la ho "mefuta e foqohe ea li-fungus," ba lokela ho etsoa hore ba litho tseo, tse kang:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• Omfalina cinder.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis mashala.
• Karbofil le ba bang.

Selemo le selemo, lethathamo lena o hōla feela. Kea thaba hore ebe li-fungus tse ngata ka seoelo jwale batho ba ithutile ho artificially hōla. mokhoa ona, ho ea ka ka litsebi, o tla thusa fokotsa mefuta e foqohe ea li-fungus.

Rare mefuta ea liphoofolo le limela tsa Federation ea Russia

Joalokaha u ka bona, lenane la letoto la "mefuta e kotsing ea ho timela le timele ea li-fungus" li ka tsoela pele le on. Empa ho phaella ho li-fungus, dimela tse ngata, liphoofolo le linonyana li boetse li sokeloa ke ho fela. Ka mohlala, har'a liphoofolo tse ka ba hlaheletseng Siberia shrew, mankhane Daubenton e, sootho Usana, moru-steppe marmot, tlwaelehileng klonoa, likhama tsa Siberia le ba bang. Ke linonyana le kotsing kenyeletsa moholo crested grebe, haholo crested grebe, kapa, ea bohlooho Heron, o motsho mokotatsie, Flamingo khōloanyane, e khubelu-breasted likhantsi le ba bang.

Har'a limela tse le haufi le ho fela: thoroughwax tsielehile, Kitagawa Baikal, Dory angustifolia, Alfred drooping le ba bang.