The mehaho ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo: mehaho ea kajeno

Mong le e mong ho mehla ea histori e ne e le mohaho o moholo, leha ho le joalo, ho ke mehaho ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e tšoauoa ka 'nete ea hore cha fihlile bophahamong bo ntjha - ho tloha melelele soaring ho dibopeho popontshwa le moralo. E le qalo ea ho ile oa behoa mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-la bo20 la lilemo e 'ngoe ea libakeng tse pele, e tsejoang e le modernist ea ho kopantswe functionalism le likhopolo bokgabane, empa hanwa melao classic. O ile a leka ho kopanya melao-motheo e ipatileng meralo le moralo, le mekhoa ea ho hatela pele ka potlako theknoloji le modernization sechabeng ka kakaretso.

Ka kakaretso, le mehaho ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo - ke mokhatlo oa akaretsang nka foromo likolong tse ngata tsa moralo, litaelo le mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa. Har'a mabitso bohlokoa ba batho ba e-ba raliphetoho ka bonono meralo le katoa tsela bakeng sa pele moralo le ho itšeha-bohale dipopontshwa, e lokela ho bitsoa Le Korbyuze, Ludwig Mies le van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Frank Lloyd Wright, Luisa Sallivana, Oscar Niemeyer le Alvar Aalto.

Ho joalo, pele ho tsohle, mehaho le ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e emeloang ke mokhatlo oo tsejoa e le mehaho ea kajeno, 'me koahela le nako ho tloha 1900 ho 1970-1980 (linaheng European le Russia). Ho akarelletsa ho libakeng tse 'maloa (functionalism le itlhamela brutalism le rationalism, manyolo mehaho, Bauhaus le Art Deco, setaele ea machaba), empa kaofela ba ile ba bolelelane litšobotsi tse neng li tloaelehile.

mehaho ea kajeno ba ile ba batla ho tiisa ha matlo a moralo tseleng ke mehopolo ea khale le sebakeng se susumetsang, mesebetsi ya dibopeho bokamoso le tikoloho ea bona. "Foromo latelang mosebetsi" (mantsoe a Luisa Sallivana, ho bolelang hore le moralo maikutlo lokela ho ho thehoa ho toba ka morero mesebetsing ea kaho ea ntho e). Mohlala, Frenk Lloyd Rayt ne a tsebahala ka 'nete ea hore moralo le ea matlo a neng a e-holo sekametseng ho ea sebakeng seo ho sona ho ea ho haha mohaho o. O ile a re hore e lokela ho ba "hammoho le naha," ke hore, ho ba ea bohlokoa.

mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo mehaho e kenyeletsa e latelang litšobotsi tse kopanyang ho libakeng tse boletsoeng ka holimo - ke tšebeliso ea kaho ea thepa e ncha theknolojing e tsoetseng pele mohaho oo o (mohlala, mabota a konkreiti a), ho ba sieo ha dintlha le khabisitsoeng le, ka mantsoe a mang, ha ho na reminiscences tsa histori ka ponahalo, e leng lokela ho ba le matlo a e bonolo hlakile foromo.

The mehaho ea lekholong la lilemo la bo20 la lilemo, Russia itsesewe ka mokgwa wa itlhamela, haholo-holo atleha 1920-1930. Itlhamela kopantswe theknoloji e tsoetseng pele le aesthetics mocha oa filosofi ea makomonisi a le maikemisetso ea sechaba ho haha boemong. E mong oa bathehi ba mokhatlo - Konstantin Melnikov, ea entseng e tummeng Melnikov House in Moscow, eo e leng pontšo ea itlhamela le Soviet avant-garde ho hang. Leha mokhatlo oo e ile ea aroloa dikolong maloa gaisana mo ka nako ya teng meaho tse ngata haholo ho ile ha hahoa, ho fihlela e oela ka ntle ho mohau le baeta-pele ba Soviet Union ka 1932. Empa litla itlhamela ka fumanoa ka hamorao mehaho Union.

Ho tloha bo 1980 pele, mehaho ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e nang mathata a mang ka ho ya ka tsamaiso ea mehaho (ditshebeletso, matla, theknoloji) fetoha multidistsiplinoy le specializations bakeng sa e mong le e mofuta porojeke. Ho phaella moo, karohano ho bonahalang eka mosebetsi le meralo ea ho haha e le setsebi sa meralo, moqapi le moqapi, o tiisang hore hore bokamoso kaho o ile a kopana tsohle tse hlokahalang ho finyella litekanyetso theknoloji. Empa, ho hlakile, ke ea moshoelella lona tikoloho le ka sehloohong e ka sehloohong taba ka ho teba nahana ka mehaho mehleng ena.