Marine litlhapi. Saltwater tlhapi: lebitso. Leoatle tlhapi lijo

Ka metsi leoatleng, ha re ntse re tsohle tseba, lapeng ho tse fapa-fapaneng e khōlō ea liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng. Haholo kopanela kgolo ha bona ke litlhapi. Ba - karolo ea bohlokoa ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong ena e hlollang. Ho se tšoane ha mefuta e vertebrate baahi ba maoatle le maoatle e hlollang. Ho na le makumane haholo le e-ba bolelele ea disentimitara se le seng, 'me ho na le linatla, ho finyella limithara tse leshome le metso e robeli.

ka tlas'a metsi lefatšeng

Le kamoo monate leoatle tlhapi! Metsoalle thathamisa ho re ho tloha bongoaneng mabitso tsotehang: pollack, herring, tseo bitsoang capelin, saury, tsa cod, Hake, halibut, rockcod ... Ho boetse ho na exemplar feta eksotiske. Ka mohlala, leoatle pere, ba khona ho itsoella maemong paatsepama ka lenaneng la metsi e boetse ke thahasellisang hore ka lapeng ea litlhapi tsena tsoala batona. Kapa e leng whale shark - kholo ka ho fetisisa tlhapi leoatle, a ka lebaka la ho boholo ba eona ka Guinness Book of Records (boima ba sona e fihla lithane tse mashome a mararo a metso e mene, 'me bolelele ba ka' na feta limithara tse mashome a mabeli). Ho sa tsotellehe sena shaka leruarua o na le boikutlo bo nang le khotso, 'me fepa feela ho plankton. Tsielehile divers ka linako tse ling khona ho tšoara esita le nka palamisa ka morao. E mong tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa leoatle dweller - mudskipper. Tlhapi eo a nang le mohaho e sa tloaelehang haholo tsa 'mele: mohatla oa eona o dumella ho qhoma phahameng le mapheoana a ho ena le matsoho' me ba fuoe monyetla oa ho fetela naha. Mudskipper tsa tšoana le mekholutsoane, empa ho ba teng ha mapheoana le gills bontša ka ho hlaka hore liphoofolo tsena tse sa tloaelehang ke tsa tlhapi.

Ho thata ho nahana kamoo baahi hlollang ho feta larileng ka tlas'a metsi. Le libakeng tse Polar le e chesang e mongobo le kopana saltwater litlhapi. Mabitso a makholo-kholo mefuta e neng e sa tsoa a fumana selemo le selemo, re utloa ho tloha bo-rasaense ba ho. E, ha ho makatse hore ebe ba re ho teba ha maoatle ke le ho feta ithutoe feta expanses tsa sebaka! Sehlooho sena se tla bua ka hore na ke mefuta e fapaneng ea litlhapi metsing, bua ka molemo le litšobotsi tsa phepo e nepahetseng ea vertebrates tse sa tšoaneng. Ya e le hantle, re ka tšoara ka mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa, bakeng sa e leng kakaretso ea tse fetang mashome a mararo tse sekete.

Commercial leoatle litlhapi. Photos le mabitso

Fetang karolo ea boraro ea lefatše fumana tlhapi khoebo - bao hore ba tšoauoa ka e fokolang ya phahameng baahi le matla a phahameng. Khetholla pelagic tlhapi e phelang ka holim'a leoatle le ho le dikarolo e ka holimo (mackerel, herring, tseo tuna), tlase le tlase tlhapi e phelang kwa tlase kapa haufi le tlase ka le dikarolo e ka tlase (cod plaice, batna, halibut). E o ile a hlokomela hore ka ho vitro hlapolotsoeng tlhapi ea ho tsoasa litlhapi leoatle. joalo mefuta e lethathamo ke ke thathamisa ka ho feletseng: ba baemeli ba malapa a flatfish, mackerel, carangidae le ba bang ba bangata. Ka mor'a moo, re bolella ka batho bao ba ba etsang boima ba thepa ka liluloaneng lebenkeleng.

cod, tlhapi

Litho tsohle tsa lelapa lena fapana hanyane mafura nama (ka tloaelo ho fihlela ho liphesente tse 'ngoe) le mehloli phahameng mafura a sebete (liphesente tse mashome a supileng). mefuta e ka sehloohong - ea cod, o motsho, tlhapi ea cod, haddock, safrone cod Hake, swamp eel, Hake, batna.

1. Cod

Mohlomong e mong oa litlhapi ho fetisisa tse jeoang, tšoauoa ka e le letšo-letšo nama e tšoeu, eo sebeletsa mohloli o babatsehang oa protheine, 'me sechaba se haellang ho na le masapo nyane mesifa. Ho na le litšobotsi keng ea lekanngoa phepo e nepahetseng 'me o nka khato ka lintho tse bonahalang tsa tlhaho e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea oli litlhapi. E boetse e na le thuso haholo sebete le ea cod Roe.

2. Haddock

E na le monate haholo le e bonolo nama kaofela tsa cod. Dibadi e ka ba tlas'a lebitso la "ea cod", empa haddock ka habonolo khetholloa ka ba batsho mola. Sena se leoatleng la tšoasoa tlhapi ka karolelano ea selemo le selemo ba modumo kotulo har'a boraro lefatšeng, ea bobeli feela batna le litlhapi tsa cod. Tumme ka ho leka-lekana lona babatsehang oa liminerale ka sebopeho. A mohloli o molemo oa potassium le sodium. Haddock hangata e itokisetsa ho ja lijo.

3. Black cod,

e ratoa haholo ke saltwater litlhapi. Mabitso a ka fumanoa fapaneng - oli tlhapi, tlhapi mashala. Tse ling Gadidae sekala fapaneng, ho ba le tšepe reflux. Ho na le tatso e babatsehang, e nang le mafura: le omega-3 tse mafura acid ba etsang liphesente tse ho eona ho mashome a mahlano a maholo ho feta ka litlhapi tsa salmon. Black cod, e na le e ngata niacin, selenium, vithamine B12. Molemo bakeng sa ho batho ba nang le tsamaiso ea fokola boitshireletso, k'holeseterole e phahameng, ba neng ba ba atisa ho ba le tlas'a khatello ea kelello le matšoenyeho.

4. Navaga

Arotswe Pacific (Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela) le North. The mofuta pele e tšoauoa ka tekanyo e kholo (motho boima ho fihlela ho kilogerama mong), empa e ananela ke bareki tlaase ho moo. Pacific navaga na le nama rougher eseng joaloka monate, flavorful le lero e le ka leboea,. Ena tšoeu tlhapi leoatle ke tlase khalori.

5. Burbot

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea ho tšoasa litlhapi burbot: khubelu le tse tšoeu. Molemo ho reka litlhapi tsa mofuta ofe pele: ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ho na le tekanyo e nyenyane (boima ho fihlela ho kilogerama se le seng, ha a ntse a swamp eel tšoeu ka fihla boima ba dikilogeramo a mane), ho latsoa molemo haholo. Ka kakaretso, le mantsoe a tsoanang ha nama ea litlhapi ena ke coarser ho feta ea tsa cod. Mafura a ke hoo e batlang e le sieo (liphesente tse 0,1).

6. Hake le Hake

haufi haholo le mong ho e mong leoatleng tlhapi (ka tlaase litšoantšo). Ka palo yohle ho na le tse ka bang leshome mefuta. Letlalo ka tekanyo e koahela sekoahelo penta ka mmala ho tloha yellowish-ba le silevera le bohlooho ho sootho le hoo e ka bang e ntso. Ka boleng ba nama ke ka ho hlaka phahametse ea cod: haholo bonolo, e tšoeu, le tatso e ntle, le ntle mafura (ho fihlela ho tse 'nè diphesente mafura).

7. Pollock

Sena benthic tlhapi metsing tloaelehile le North Pacific. Bolelele fihla disentimetara mashome a robong, 'me boima ba' mele - dikilogeramo a mane. Fumanoa ka Asia (Bering, Japane, Leoatle la Okhotsk) le lebōpo la leoatle Amerika (Monterey Bay le Alaska). Atlantic Pollock lulang Leoatleng Barents. ho bonolo ho e pheha le nama ea tlhapi ena: o ka pheha, jerk, Fry, ho baka ka foil. E na le e mengata e fapaneng dintho e molemo: divithamini A, C, maq, E, B-sehlopha, chloride, potassium, tšepe, k'halsiamo, a iodine litareng e le liminerale tse ling. Mafura a dikahare - ho fihlela ho liphesente tse peli.

flounder tlhapi

Ka lelapa lena ha e le hantle ka thōko flounder le halibut. moreki bona thepa ha e tšoanang. Har'a flounder Hōle ke yellowfin molemo ka ho fetisisa, e leng e na le khanyang mapheoana mosehla, zheltopolosaya, lefifi le Japanese. Har'a lelapa flatfish e boetse e tsejoa puo nautical. tlhapi tsena li tšoauoa ka e 'mele o molelele o le nama monate haholo. Ka kakaretso, ka tebileng maphelo leoatle la dimela bonyane tse makholo a mahlano flatfish.

1. Flounder

E boetse e bitsoa leoatle khoho. Nama ea tlhapi ena e tšoeu, monate, ha ho na masapo a nyenyane (haese flounder a tletseng linaleli, eo lesapo sebopeho hasaneng ho pholletsa le 'mele). Mafura a dikahare - ho tloha ho liphesente tse hlano. Lokeloa tloaeleha na North Sea maikutlo a, hammoho le tloaelehileng la Atlantic plaice. tlhapi ena saltwater fapane 'mele pantshisi le e thahasellisang tokisetso ea leihlo. Nama flounder - ka tlung ea polokelo ea selenium, divithamini A le D, e ratoa ke connoisseurs ea tatso ha aa tiea, empa ka nako e tšoanang, ha mong le e mong like monko hae ikhethang matla.

2. Halibut

The mefuta e tsebahalang haholo - Greenland, ba batsho le ba halibut. Sena mafura tlhapi leoatle (mafura dikahare - ho tloha tse hlano ka bang liphesente tse mashome a mabeli a metso e 'meli) le tšoeu le monate le e bonolo nama, ho ba le tatso e monate. Halibut, haholo-holo Khingan - mohloli o babatsehang oa acid tse mafura (dikgerama lekholo la filet - e mong a mob mobile ea acid le omega-3 tse mafura), e ha e nyenyane hanyenyane ea masapo. E feletseng ea magnesium, potassium, selenium, phosphorus, divithamini B6 le B12. tlhapi ena e tla u sireletsa ho tswa atherosclerosis le arrhythmia, ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ka ho khathollang le methapo le methapong le ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa bona.

Bonito tlhapi

Boleng kgwebo ya tsa lelapa lena li rekisitsoe tlas'a mabitso a fapaneng. Ho na le bo Hōle, Kurilskoe, Atlantic (leoatle), Black Sea azov-mackerel, Bonito, tuna. E le busa, le nama ea litlhapi tsena ena mafura, ha ho na masapo a tse nyenyane le ho ba bonolo.

1. mackerel

E 'ngoe ea litlhapi tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa Russia. Ha mong le e mong oa tseba hore le thuso ho fetisisa - hoetla mackerel, ka nako ena, mafura hae fihla liphesente tse mashome a mararo tsa boima ba 'mele tsa lona, ha a ntse a batho ba mafura ea selemo le tšoase e etsang liphesente tse tharo feela. tlhapi ena saltwater na le e ngata le omega-3 tse mafura acid, divithamini B12 le D.

2. tuna

A aba ka metsi Atlantic, nkile ka le dikarolo haufi le holim 'metsi. Ena le botsoalle e jang nama e khōlō litlhapi. Ho thermophilic haholo, kahoo ka Leoatleng le Letšo tla hlaha feela ka July le August. Bolelele fihla limithara tse 'nè le boima ba fetang halofo thane e. Ena ke moputso hohelang tsa motšoasi oa litlhapi leha e le efe. Khetholla skipjack, albacore, yellowfin, matheba, bigeye tuna. Nama e fapaneng tlaase mafura a dikahare - ho fihlela ho liphesente tse peli.

3. Bonito

Ho ea ka sebopeho mele oa tuna, empa lekelekanang fokotsehile. Ena le botsoalle jang nama tlhapi maphelo a Leoatle le Letšo fihla boima ba dikilogeramo supileng, 'me ka nako e telele - disentimetara mashome a robeli a metso e mehlano. Bonito, joaloka tuna, mocheso ratang, e le mariha ho ea Leoatleng la Marmara, le Leoatle le Letšo ho Shoals metsi ha mo qeta morao haholo, kahoo a tšoase motho ea joalo a ke ka seoelo ho ka khonehang. Khetholla mefuta e mengata li ea Bonito: ke morena oa mackerel (wahoo), mosoeu Bonito, Savary, bona Bonito le ba bang. Tsena nama tlhapi o bobebe ka 'mala, e tenya tumellano le monko monate e na le ho tloha tse peli ho tse hlano a etsang liphesente mafura (ho sa ballwe Bonito mala le' ngoe ho ba le mafura a dikahare ea liphesente tse ho fihlela ho tse mashome a mabeli).

carangidae tlhapi

Ka kakaretso ho na le ka bang lekholo tse peli dimela. Ntle ho mackerel pere, lelapa sena se akarelletsa trevally, Vomero, lihiyu, yellowtail le ba bang. Pere mackerel nama, e leng e na le 'mala o grayish, mafura dikahare ke pakeng tsa liphesente tse peli le tse' nè. Ka ho fetisisa monate - desyatiperaya tlhapi ke boima ba 'mele, ho ke ke a batla a e kholoanyane ho feta e tloaelehileng. Scad mofuta fapaneng a tatso le monko (bolila). Oiliness trevally - halofo karolo ntlha, Vomero - le 'ngoe kapa tse peli diphesente, Leahy - etsang liphesente tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano.

tlhapi Scorpionfish

Mefuta eohle ea lelapa lena ke ka mokhoa oa thekiso fumaneha tlasa lebitso "Bass leoatle". La Atlantic, ho ba le boleng khoebo le ba tloaelehileng kalaneng Sebastes mentella (beaked leruarua) ka Leoatleng la Pacific - the snapper khubelu. mefuta Atlantic na le ba etsang liphesente tse ka likhoeli tse tseletseng mafura, hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a mabeli mafura nyenyane na Pacific litlhapi. Leoatle Bass - ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho pheha, Ho hlahisa monate haholo tlhapi moro.

sparidae tlhapi

Pagrus Cuba carp, bream, tlhapi-chon, leino Scapa - tsohle baemedi sparidae lelapa. Ka a liluloaneng, ba ile ba ka 'na ba tlas'a lebitso la le' ngoe "Ocean carp." Rua mafura a tlase (lisente tse peli ka), lero le bonolo nama. E le mokhelo ya ka dipehelo tsa dikahare mafura ke feela Scapa, nama lona e na le ba etsang liphesente tse supileng ho tse leshome mafura. Tatso hopotsa moemeli sparidae carp. Dourado boetse o bitsoa leoatle carp le gilt-hlooho bream. Ponahalo ea ho a batla a ba bohale bo tšosang, empa nama - monate, e monko o monate, ka palo fokolang haholo ea masapo. Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha tse mafura acid unsaturated, ho akarelletsa le myristic, palmitic, lauric, sena tlhapi saltwater na le thuso haholo. Eating Dorado, o tla boloka pelo liphellong tsa radicals lokolohile le ho thibela sebopeho sa clots mali.

nototheniids tlhapi

Ka Antarctic lilemong tsa morao tjena, ba tseba ho sekepe ba monate tlhapi - rockcod le litho tse ling tsa lelapa la sena: leoatle goby, toothfish, Squam. La dimela tsena batho ba fattest - Toothfish (e nang le mashome a mabeli ho mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba etsang liphesente tse mafura), lateloa ke 'mabole rockcod (robeli ho leshome le metso e ts'eletseng diphesente) The Squam (a mane ho tse tsheletseng diphesente) le gobies leoatleng (halofo ka etsang liphesente tse). nama tlhapi e ya data tse tšoeu, le letšo-letšo, flavorful, ha ho na masapo a nyane.

croakers tlhapi

Lelapa na le mefuta e ho fihlela ho tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano. Har'a mabitso khoebo ea batho ba fihla ka a liluloaneng store, re molemo ka ho fetisisa a tsejoang e leoatle trout, tlhapi-motsamaisi (otolith), croaker, umbrine. The tšoasa ho na le Maemong ka boima ba 'mele ho tloha mong ho dikilogeramo leshome kapa leshome le metso e mafura ho fihlela ho liphesente tse tharo. U se ke ua karolelano nama tlhapi e bao e seng thata 'me a sa haholo batallang, na kgolo - mahoashe faeba. Litho tsohle tsa croakers lelapa, haholo-holo umbrine le otolith ke mefuta ea bohlokoa, hobane hoo e batlang e ha ho tatso le monko oa leoatle, ka thepa ea phepo e nepahetseng tšoana tlhapi ea setso fumanoa ka metsi ka hare ho naha. Trout piroksidinom ruileng divithamini A le E, le omega-3 acid. Sena se matlafatsang le monate tlhapi e ratoa ke bareki le babuelli motsoako ka lijana tse ngata.

herring tlhapi

Mohlomong, ho na le monna eo bonyane hang bophelong ba hae ba ne ba sa ja herring. Mong le e mong ngoana Russia e tsebileng ho tloha bongoaneng. tlhapi ena e na le bohlokoa haholo bohlokoa khoebo, lulang haholo likarolong tse ka leboea ea Leoatle la Pacific le Atlantic maoatle. The herring ngata ea protheine, vithamine A, polyunsaturated mafura. Leha ho le joalo, ha e ntse e na le e ngata la masapo a, e leng, leha ho le joalo, ha aa ka a emisa ho hlōla ratoa haholo har'a baahi. Hangata e Herring sebediswa foromo letsoai. Netherlands, e bitsoang "holo" kgolo a tsuba tlhapi, le letsoai tse nyenyane - "bekling".

qhibilihisa tlhapi

Ka ho fetisisa tummeng moemeli tsa lelapa lena - bitsoang capelin. Ena e nyenyane tlhapi metsing ke hoo e ka bang krugopolyarnoe kabo: likarolong tse ka leboea ea Atlantic (Barents Sea) le Pacific, le Arctic. Bareki ka linako tse ling hlokomoloha ka theko e tlaase tlhapi e nyenyane. Le ka lebaka le utloahalang. Ho sebele o lokela ho kenngoa lijo ka! Moo e mong a ka o fumana haholo potassium, a iodine litareng e, sodium? Empa ke tse bitsoang capelin ka lebenkeleng ba sa beng ba likatse - liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng rata tlhapi ena. Ho connective hanyane dinama tse nyenyane tse 'me ka nako e tšoanang a mangata acid tse mafura le protheine (ka liphesente tse mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro) ya maemo e ka tlaase ea mali k'holeseterole, ka hloko tlosoa sejana leboteng pakellanang. Bitsoang capelin ka pheha ka potlako haholo, ho fetisisa monate a fellang ka ho tsuba le halikiloeng.

Qetellong

Marine tlhapi, photo photo photo photo 'me tlhaloso ea tse fanoeng sehloohong sena - ke, ya e le hantle, karolo e nyenyane feela ea vertebrates tsohle tseo phela metsing a maoatle. Re o ile a bua feela ea mefuta tseo bareki ba bohlokoa. Hang ka hare ho naha Labone ne ho nkoa tlhapi letsatsi. Joale, mefuta eohle ea tlhapi, haholo-holo ba leoatle, le hlaha ka litafole rona hoo e ka bang letsatsi le letsatsi. Ena e habonolo ile a hlalosa: nama baahi ba leoatle tebileng na e hlokahalang batho mafura ka bophelo bo botle,-amino acid le divithamini. Ka tlhapi ena leoatle ka tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ho hakanngoa tse ling tse ngata le thuso metsi a hloekileng ka hore hoo e batlang e ha ho ame tshusumetso batho ka tikoloho, kahoo baahi ba maoatle tlase silafetseng le tšepe e boima, na ha ho na le kotsi ya radionuclides batho le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.