Maikemisetso se ka sehloohong sa RSE. Momahaneng boemo tsamaiso ea ho thibela le ho liquidation maemo tshohanyetso

Likaroloana hore ho hlokahala hore thuto ea Russia le linaheng tse ling e ile bitsetsa ke ba ntse ba eketseha ka potlako ka tlang ditshoso sesole, ntshetsopele le tsoelang pele ntlafatso ea mefuta eohle ea libetsa.

Ka mohlala, ka nakong ea ntoa 'me a poso-ntoa nako ke tshireletso ea moo (bonono EMERCOM ea Russia) ba ne ba sa feela bolokoa baahi ba bangata ka nako e ea libetsa' me moea literaeke khahlanong le sera, felisoa mapheko, mehato ba ile ba isoa ho iphelisa o ka sehloohong ea baahi ba, defused likhetla unexploded le libomo, hleka mehaho le ho haha, empa hape e tsosolositsoeng sewerage le metsi phepelo, mela e phepelo ka matla 'me puisano, lipalong taelo, le tse ling.

Molao tšobotsi le litumeliso ho ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona maemo tshohanyetso

Ka lekhetlo la pele naheng ea rōna, ho ea ka molao-taelo oa Federation Russia № 261 ho tloha 18.04.1992 tsa selemo: "Ka ho thehoa ha tsamaiso ea Russia lemosang le ka karabelo tshohanyetso", tsamaiso e lekanang e ile ea thehoa bakeng sa ho thibela mefuta eohle ea maemo a tšohanyetso le ka ntoa le ka peacetime, liquidation bona tabeng ea lebelloang, hammoho le ho etsa bonnete ba polokeho feletseng ea baahi ba, tshireletso akaretsang ha tikoloho le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea moruo.

Hamorao, litloaelo mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le ea molao ea Federation Russia hore ho laola ho sireletsa baahi ba maemong a tshohanyetso, hammoho le moea, metsi le sebaka naha, tikoloho le a kahisano le mehaho e, mehaho liindasteri, ba ile ba laoloa ke Molao Federal "Ka ho sireletsa baahi ba le libakeng maemo tshohanyetso la tlhaho le e entsoeng ke motho mofuta »№ 68 FZ, ngotsoe 21. 12. 1994

Ho phetha morago ga moo a molao ona ha fella ka kamohelo ea RF Muso taelo № 1113 ea 11.05.1995, "Ka tsamaiso junifomo boemo ba thibelo le liquidation maemo tshohanyetso", eo ae amohelang melawana mabapi le RSE. E ikemiselitse e rarolla ka ho likaroloana bothata, melao-motheo ea kaho ea tsamaiso momahaneng, ea ho hlophisoa ha thepa le qobelle taelo ea sebelisana ea ka sehloohong mehaho likarolo. Ka kakaretso, boemo ba laola ka, tsamaiso ea sebetsang e le ea se nang molekane.

mantsoe a bohlokoa ho likaroloana le

Emergency boemo bo - le boemo bo itseng ka sebakeng seo ho khetheha hore e ntshetswa pele ka lebaka la ho hlaheloa ke likotsi, likoluoa, kotsi ketsahalo se hlahang ho yona tlhaho, likoluoa tsa tlhaho kapa tse ling tse likoluoa, phello ea eona e ne e le (tla) tšenyo ho tsa bophelo bo botle tsa botho kapa tikoloho, mahlabelo ka batho, batho ba mefuta eohle ditlolo le litumeliso ho maemo a ho tsoaneleha tsa bophelo batho ba, tahlehelo bohlokoa tse bonahalang.

Thibelo ya tshohanyetso - e sete e pharaletseng ea mesebetsi ea pele ho jaana ikemiseditse ho fokotsa kotsi ya ketsahalo ea bona, sa ho pholosa bophelo ba batho, ho fokotsa tšenyo e tikoloho, tahlehelo bohlokoa tse bonahalang.

Liquidation tsa liphello tsa maemo a tshohanyetso - mefuta ya tshohanyetso tshebetso pholoso tlhaho, tse neng e tšoaretsoe ha maemo a tšohanyetso. Ba amehile ka ho pholosa bophelo ba batho, ho pholosa bophelo ba bona, ho fokotsa tahlehelo tse bonahalang le isa tekanyong ea tšenyo tikoloho ea tlhaho, hammoho le diriswa ea libakeng tse (ka libaka) ba maemo a tšohanyetso.

Koluoa ea sebakeng - sebaka moo tshohanyetso ya etsahala, 'me e ka Tabeng ena e tlas'a taolo ea kamehla.

Lipakane le maikemisetso likaroloana

Pele a fana ka litaelo tse tharo:

• ho thibela ho hlaha le morago ga moo e ntshetsopeleng ya tshohanyetso;
• fokotsa tšenyo e bakiloeng ke bona;
• sete ya mehato ikemiseditse ho ho felisa maemo a tšohanyetso.

The mesebetsi ya sehlooho likaroloana:

1. The ntshetsopele le ho phetha e loketseng ea ditlwaelo moruo le tsa molao tse amanang le ho etsa bonnete ba tshireletso ya feletseng ea baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona liphellong tsa likoluoa.

2. phethahatso ea mananeo a saense, botekgeniki le targeted e thibela maemo a tshohanyetso, matlafatsa ea ka tšebetso ya mekgatlo, likhoebo le mekhatlo e (ntle le mabapi le diforomo tsa bona mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le ea molao), tlase tsa libaka tsa bona sechabeng, bakeng sa merero ea tlhahiso ea ka maemo a tshohanyetso.

3. bonelang pele le tshekatsheko ya teba moruong ka liphello tsa maemo a tšohanyetso.

4. tiisa itokisa feletseng ho phetha liketso tsa sebele le mekhatlo ea taolo ya tshohanyetso, chelete le mabotho a etselitsoeng ho re falimehile bona ka potlako 'me e ileng ea latela liquidation liphello e bakiloeng ke bona.

5. International tshebedisano le litumeliso ho ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona liphellong tsa likoluoa.

6. tshebediso tsa liketso tse joalo tse rarahaneng tse kang pokello, sebetsa tshebetso, phapanyetsano le morago ga moo e lokolloa ha tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le joang ho kenya tshebetsong ya tshireletso baahi maemong tšohanyetso.

7. Ho lokisetsa tsa baahi liketso tse itseng mmeedi ya boemong ba tšohanyetso.

8. Etsa ka mehloli hlokahala matlotlo a sa tšoaneng hore e tla netefatsa ho felisa liphello tsa maemo a tšohanyetso.

9. Ho khanna boemo tlhokomelo, taolo le hlahloba ka ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona liphellong tsa likoluoa.

10. liquidation maemo tšohanyetso.

11. phetha sete ya mehato (bohato botho) le litumeliso ho tshireletso ya setjhaba tsa baahi ba anngoeng ke koluoa ena.

12. phethahatso ea litokelo tsa botho le ditlamo mmeedi ya tshireletso ya baahi ba le libaka tsa eona ho tloha litla e bakiloeng ke maemo a tshohanyetso.

Mathata a rarolloa likaroloana, li ea bohlokoa libakeng tsohle. ho nahanela bona ka hloko le ho phetha ka nako e loketseng itshetlehile maphelo ngata, hammoho le tšimo ea, ho hlōleha ha e ka 'na eaba ha etsolloa.

Likaroloana lipakane le maikemisetso tlameha ho lula a fetola ho latela ka se entsoeng ke motho le se entsoeng ke motho a le teng boemo bo ka hare ho naha. temosong ea Emergency - tataiso e ka sehloohong ea tšebeletso.

Likaroloana: sebopeho, mesebetsi le mesebetsi

sebopeho lona e emeloang ke subsystems paballo ya naha le tshebetso, bontšitsoeng ka maemo hlano tsa on-site, sebakeng seo, paballo ya naha, lebatowa le 'muso.

subsystems paballo ya naha di thehoa ka hare ho naha ea bafo ba Russia Federation e le hore ho thibela le morago ga moo e liquidation maemo tšohanyetso. Ba akarelletsa ho diyuniti tse itseng tseo tsamaisana le tsa tsamaiso arola libaka tsena.

Ha e le ba subsystems tshebetso, ba etsa hore ba boholong 'muso ka mafapha bona abeloa ya moruo e le hore ho hlophisa mesebetsi bakeng sa ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo' me libaka tsa eona liphellong tsa likoluoa.

E mong le e boemo ba tsamaiso ea o na le 'mele tse latelang (RSE unit trust):

• tšebelisano;
• taolo ya letsatsi le letsatsi;
• Management tsa Civil Defense le Emergency Maemo;

Hape, ka 'ngoe e akarelletsang: mokhoa hlokahala le mabotho, le mehloli ea matlotlo a sa tšoaneng, tsamaiso ea temoso, puisano le tsamaiso ea litaba.

Security ka maemo a tšohanyetso

Mohato oa pele ke ho hlalosa khopolo ena.

Safety ka maemo a tshohanyetso - ke ho bopa chelete e lekaneng bakeng sa ho baahi bohle, mekhatlo ya moruo le tikoloho tsa tlhaho ho tloha mefuta eohle ea likotsi ka maemo a tshohanyetso. Ho ya mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse 'maloa.

Types of tshireletso ka maemo a tšohanyetso

Ho:

• mollo;
• mahlaseli;
• tikoloho;
• litšisinyeho tsa lefatše;
• liindasteri;
• likokoana-hloko;
• lik'hemik'hale.

Safety ka maemo a tšohanyetso a ka boela ka classified ka merero ea:

• baahi;
• tikoloho;
• liphofu moruo.

Finyella ea mofuta ona e tshireletso e etsoang ke mokhoa oa ho thibelo, thibela kapa fokotsa liphello tse fosahetseng tsa likoluoa.

Histori ea Lekala Russia tsa Maemo Emergency

E amana haufi-ufi ho historing ea Civil Defense (04.10.2010 - lilemo tse 78). Nako ya sebopeho lona e nkoa 10.4.1932, ha Lekhotla la Commissars Batho ba USSR amohetse "Molawana ka moea sireletsa USSR", eo mehato ne pele tsejoa le ho bolela itseng le litumeliso ho ya tshireletso e potlakileng ea baahi bohle ba naha le libaka tsa eona. Sena ke qalong ea ho hōla ea tsamaiso boemo tšimong ena (ho letsatsi la tsoalo ea Local Air Defense). Ka 1961 ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho sokolla MoEHE ka tsamaea.

Likaroloana (mesebetsi le mesebetsi eo re neng re nahana ka) - ke lebaka la ho ntlafatsoa maikutlo a khale ka ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona ho tloha batho ba mefuta eohle ea lira (kopanyelletsa le ho sebelisa bokhoni ba libetsa tsa ripitlang batho ba bangata).

December 27, 1990 e ile tšoauoa ka ho amohelwa oa Lekhotla RSFSR ba Matona loading № tse 606 "Ka sebopeho sa ea Russia botseta tsa pholoso ka Litokelo tsa RSFSR State Komiti." Ena letsatsi - letsatsi leo ka lona Lekala la Maemo Emergency ea Russia e thehiloe (hamorao - Letsatsi la pholoso Russia Federation).

January 10, 1994 Russia EMERCOM fetoloa morao-rao Russia Tšebeletso tsa Civil Defense, maemo a tšohanyetso le ho felisoa ha Liphello Tsa Likoluoa Tsa Tlhaho, eo ho ile ha khethoa letona Sergei Shoigu.

Le December 9, 1992 ba ithutelang tsona pele e neng e phahameng bohareng tshireletso ea lehae li ne li fetoleloa Academy jwale ya EMERCOM ea Russia ho Civil Tshireletso (sebopego se se tshwaraganyang setheo se se nang analogues lefatšeng).

Ho joalo, re ka bolela hore ha thehoa le mathata hona joale le likaroloana sebopeho simoloha ho tloha mehleng ea MoEHE.

Chelete le ho etsa boiteko likaroloana

Maikemisetso se ka sehloohong sa RSE, e ba 'nile ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo, kenyelletsa polelo le litumeliso ho ho etsa bonnete ba itokisa ka botlalo ho kenya tshebetsong letoto la liketso tsa mekhatlo ya taolo ya tshohanyetso, chelete le ho etsa boiteko etselitsoeng ho thibela bona tshebetso le morago ga moo e liquidation liphello e bakiloeng ke bona.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mokhoa oa ka holimo le mabotho:

1. hlokometsoeng le go baya leitlho:

• baokameli (bakeng sa litanka puso, matla a nyutlelie, motlakase le khase lipeipi, marokho, joalo-joalo ...);
• Control le Tlhahlobo Service (Lekala la Tikoloho);
• ditheo le mekhatlo ea tšebeletso ea hore ho hlokomela bophelo bo botle ba beha dintho kotsi, tikoloho tlhaho;
• Service ya diphoofolo;
• leihlo le taolo laboratori ea marangrang (SNLK);
• laboratori ea boalosi lijo quality, boitsebiso lijo;
• tšebeletso ea temoso ho likoluoa tsa tlhaho.

2. felisoa ha maemo a tshohanyetso:

• Lekala la tshohanyetso, mapolesa le MO (diyuniti tsa bona, likarolo, le dikgokelo);
• lihlopha bao e seng ea sesole ea tshireletso ea lehae;
• ho bolela 'me mabotho a bao e leng mafapha a mang le ho makala, ba boholong ba setjhaba (naheng ea Federation ea Russia).

Profiling mesebetsi ea tsamaiso

Re tsoela pele ho talima likaroloana. Sebopeho, mesebetsi le mosebetsi lona ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea tsamaiso nat e. Security ba Federation le Serussia.

khoebo lona mela kgolo di:

1. Development ditshitshinyo le litumeliso ho leano la mmuso mabapi le ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona maemo tshohanyetso, ho kenngwa tshebetsong bona ka nako e loketseng. mosebetsi ona o bolaoa laola hammoho le mabotho a le mekhoa ea naha (pele, bothata bona e ile rarolloa ke ba piecemeal).

2. Management tsa linako sebetsa ea tsamaiso. Sehlopha se busang sa babuelli Russia maemo a tšohanyetso a sa Tšebeletso, coordinates: mosebetsi oa 'mele boemo le ea moo ipusa mmeedi ya bothata. E le hore ho ntlafatsa ka bokgoni ba ho mesebetsi e joalo, 'muso oa Russia o emisa' collegial taolo ya 'mele - Komisi Inter-Bosebeletsi bakeng sa ho thibela le ho felisa maemo a tshohanyetso, e sebetsanang le sefapano itšeha molao oa tsamaiso sebakeng sena. le ho etsa liqeto tsa lona li tlama ka 'muso ' mele matla a phethahatso ba bafo ba RF. Likarolo mehaho ea RSE, mosebetsi ona o etsoa ka ho Civil Defense ba boholong le Komisi ka Maemo Emergency.

3. taolo e reretsoe ho etsa bonnete ba ho latelwa tšoanetseng le liketso tshwanelanang molao, melao e 'ngoe, melao ea tsamaiso le melao-motheo ea ka lekala la tšireletso ea khahlanong le boemo ba tšohanyetso' mele 'muso phethahatso,' mele ea eona ea ho ba bafo ba RF, mekhatlo le mebuso ea moo. Boemong ba 'muso, mosebetsi ona o etsoa ke Maemo Emergency Tšebeletso.

4. Production mosebetsi, e leng e ho phetha mehato e thibelang e ikemiseditse ho ho thibela maemo a tshohanyetso, fokotsa ka boholo ba bona, ba fokotsa tšenyo e bakiloeng ke ho shoeloa ka liphello tsa bona 'me tshebetso tshohanyetso pholoso tataiso ho felisa ea mofuta ona e le liphello.

5. mefuta eohle All ya tlhokomelo ya mosebetsi ho nkoa e le tsamaiso e khopo le 'ngoe (logistical, lichelete, joalo-joalo). Litokisetso tse hlokahalang ho felisa liphello tsa mehlodi ya tshohanyetso lintho tse bonahalang e kenyeletsa thepa ea lijo e tala, lijo, le boenjiniere, liaparo le thepa ea bongaka, mokhoa oa ho puisano le mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa, meriana, peterole, thepa ea ho haha, lik'hemik'hale motho le mahlaseli a tšireletso, joalo-joalo ...

6. International tšebelisano-'moho. E bontšoa ka ho phetla sefuba ho likaroloana Russia targeted nyalano tsamaisong ea lefatše ho ea hlahella tsa thibelo le liquidation a qomatsi lateloa. Tšebelisano e kenngwa tshebetsong ka likonteraka le liletsa tse ling tse ea machaba, ntshetsopele ya e kopanetsweng moralo wa semolao le litumeliso ho litokollo tsa thahasella bobeli kapa kopanetsweng, hammoho le mesebetsi e khethehileng diinstitusene tsa machaba le mekhatlo.

EMERCOM tsa Russia: maikemisetso le mesebetsi

Likaroloana mesebetsi ya sehlooho abeloa ho ea Tšebeletso ena, ka hlophisitsoe ka likarolo tse peli:

1. Ntshetsopeleng ya ditshitshinyo maano a setjhaba hara DPP, le ho thibela le ho felisa maemo a tšohanyetso lateloa.
2. Ho okamela le ho etsa bonnete ba ea ka tšebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso (RSE) ka maemo a tšohanyetso, eseng feela ka nakong ea ntoa empa hape le ka peacetime.

Ba ke ke ba ya lololo ka ho hang hape hatisa hore maikemisetso mantlha le sebopeho likaroloana boletsoeng ka ho hlaka ka molao e boletsoeng pejana 'muso le litumeliso ho ho sireletsa baahi ba Russia le libaka tsa eona liphellong tsa likoluoa.

Melao-motheo ea pōpo ea tsamaiso eo, e kentse boemo jwale ka har'a naha

Pele, e, ya e le hantle, ho hlokahala hore ho dumellana le wa katamelo e akaretsang mosebetsing oa ho ea sebopeho sa tsamaiso (boikarabello ba anthropogenic le tsa tlhaho hlahang ho yona likoluoa, mekhahlelo bona ba ntshetsopele le liphello, ea ho itsireletsa ho bona le nomoro hlokahalang tsa barupeluoa ba).

Tabeng ya bobedi, ho amohelwa, kahoo ho bua, "e leng bao e seng lefela kotsi" (e le hantle hore e ke ke ha khoneha ho felisa likotsi la koluoa ea ka ya ka thulaganyo ya ditshoso tse fapa-fapaneng ka 'nang).

Thirdly, ho theha ka molao-motheo ea bohlokoa ea thibelo mabapi le polokeho (phatlalatsa temoso) (ho palo e kahodimodimo khoneha ho fokotseha ha kgonego ya koluoa le mehato e hlophisitsoeng e thibelang e).

Mekhoa ea tshebetso nkoa tsamaiso le 'ngoe

Ho itšetlehile ka boemo boo hona joale ho na le mekhoa e meraro:

1. tsoela pele mesebetsi (hafeela le mebuso eohle ea ka le matla a teng tsa likaroloana sebetsa ka lebelo le e tloaelehileng):

• ho ithuta boemo jwale ya tikoloho le bolela lintho esale pele akaretsang la koluoa ea;
• thero, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le tlhokomelo tsa liketso tsa rarahaneng likaroloana mabotho le ba boholong ka ketsahalo ea tšohanyetso;
• pokello, sebetsa le phapanyetsano latelang ea boitsebiso le litumeliso ho ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo 'me libaka tsa eona maemo tshohanyetso, ho etsa bonnete ba polokeho ka ho feletseng mollo;
• ntshetsopele ya tsebo le litumeliso ho ho sireletsa baahi ba naha eo le sebaka sa eona ka ketsahalo ea maemo a tšohanyetso;
• mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa sebopeho, placement, polokelo, ka nako e loketseng boele u mehloli o teng hlokahalang bakeng sa ho felisa liphello tse bakoang ke likoluoa.

2. Ho ba itokisa (tšokelo jwale la koluoa a)

• rag e laola phetoho ka boemo ba tikoloho, bonelang pele ho qala le ho isa tekanyong ea tšenyo e tsoang ho koluoa ena;
• tshebetso e tswelang pele ea ho bokella, ho e lokisa le phetiso ea mabotho likaroloana le laolang tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le koluoa ea bolela esale pele, ho tsebisa baahi ba ka litsela le mekhoa ea tšireletso maemong ana;
• arabelang (thibela ketsahalo e le ntshetsopele ya maemo a tshohanyetso);
• Ntjhafatsa merero le litokomane tse ling tse mabapi le ho thibela le ho felisa liphello tse bakoang ke maemo a tshohanyetso;
• phetha (haeba e deems hlokahala) sebakeng seo mehato.

3. Emergency (khopisang koluoa ea le lona liquidation tshebetso):

• tsoelang pele go baya leitlho ya boemo jwale ha tikoloho, ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha bonelang pele tekanyo ea tšokelo;
• baahi ba falimehile 'me baeta-pele ba etsahala le maemo a tšohanyetso;
• tsoelang pele ho bokella, ho e lokisa (and analysis) le phapanyetsano ya data le litumeliso ho boemo bo atileng sebakeng seo boemo ba tšohanyetso, 'me litsela tsa ho felisa liphello tsa eona;
• e rarahaneng ya mehato sireletsang mabapi le kakaretso ea baahi ba naha le libaka tsa eona maemo qomatsi;
• mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa me a tsoela pele ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsohle di a fumaneha coercion ba boholong mabapi le mehato e itseng ea ho felisa liphello tsa maemo a tšohanyetso;
• litokisetso hlokahala le mabapi le ho iphelisa ka botlalo ka hara maemo a tšohanyetso a leng teng.

Classification a qomatsi thehiloeng ata le ho tiea tsa liphello tsa bona

Etsa qeto ea ho abelwang karolo ya:

• ketso ea moo ka maemo a tshohanyetso (ama lintlha tse senyang le leifo ES ntse hara saeteng difeme, e leng e ka ba hang-hang tlosoa mokgwa le matla a);
• ea moo (sekgahla sa lintlha kotsi le tšoana le leifo tshohanyetso phehella ka hare ho motse le);
• ea sebaka (ama lintlha tse senyang le leifo ES o ka har'a taba e itseng: Republic sebakeng bohale sebopeho ikemetseng);
• lebatowa (sekgahla sa lintlha kotsi le tšoana le leifo tshohanyetso bua ka lihlooho tse 'maloa tsa Federation ea Russia);
• Federal (ama lintlha tse senyang le leifo ES likoahelo tse nne kapa bafo ba eketsehileng RF);
• lefatše (sekgahla sa lintlha kotsi le tšoana le leifo maemo a tšohanyetso ho feta feela ho 'muso feela).

Ho joalo, ho akaretsa le ka holimo, e ne e se amiss ho hang hape hatisa hore hantle-etselitsoeng mantlha mesebetsi likaroloana le bokhoni kgona ho sebelisa pele ho thibela liphello tse senyang tsa maemo a fapa-fapaneng tsa tshohanyetso, hammoho le haeba ho hlokahala, ka potlako ho felisa liphello tsa bona.