Loire - nōka ka France: Tlhaloso

Sena se noka hlollang ka makholo a lilemo e 'nile ea e mong oa linokana bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse ileng tsa etsa ho tloha bohareng haholo ea Fora ka maoatleng a lefatše. 'Me e ke mona ne likepe e khōlō ho tloha la Atlantic ho ea boemo ba pelo. Kajeno, nōka ea e likepe, empa bohareng ba tsela ea naha ea e koaloa. Nōka ea kholo ka ho fetisisa Fora - Laura.

Ba ka bang likete tse peli tse lilemo tse thomello e se e ho pharaletseng ntshetswa pele ka nōkeng. Mona ho tloha IX lekholong la lilemo la tšoara mosebetsing oa kaho ka ho hahoa ha matamo bakeng sa ho sireletsa metsana batho le bakeng sa litlhoko tsa tsamaya. Empa hangata a letamo e sa khone ho tšoara moroallo oa bokhothokhotho tsejoa esale pele noka (1856 le 1866 kotsi lilemo tse).

Pele re bua ka eona, sheba seo linoka tse ling phalla ka naha ea Fora.

French River: tlhaloso e khutšoanyane

France o na le palo e lekaneng ea matlotlo hydrological. Naheng ena, ha ho na omisa ka matša le linōka, a ka toka mocheso ea likepe e name ha boemo ba leholimo ke mofuthu, pula tswelela pele selemo ho pota. Sena, ka ho hlakileng, ho tlatsetsa 'nete ea hore tsamaiso eohle ea metsi ke hoo e ka bang e sa fetohe.

Mofuta rarahaneng ea matamo France akarelletsa ho makholo a matangoana e nyenyane haholo le linōka tse khōlō. Empa ho na le naheng ena e na le peculiarity ea habo eona. Ho ea ka o teng linōka terminologicos Fora (fleuves) li nkoa metsi kotloloho phallang ka maoatleng a lefatše. 'Me ho na naheng ena - 131,' me tse 10 tsa tsona feela (Loire, ea Rhine, ho Rhone, ho Meuse, ho Garonne, ea Seine, ho Charente, Dordogne, ho Scheldt le Adour) ba le bolelele ba tse fetang 300 Km. 'Me kaofela ha libeisine tsena linōka lula fetang 400 tse sekete. Km Square tsa naha ea puso kaofela (tse fetang 70%).

Tsena linōka le Fora ke headers khōlō. Moqolo oa phallo ka melomo ea ba le melao ea boitšoaro tse latelang: Loire - 931, Raine - 2300, Rhone - 1690, Maas - 400 Garonne - 650, Sung - 563, Charente - 49 Dordogne - 380 Scheldt (ka limithara tse dikhubu / set lao.) - 104 le Adour - 350. Bona palo yohle ya selemo bokelloa ha metsi ka le boima palo yohle e ka 40-45% ea kakaretso ea bophahamo ba modumo ea selemo le selemo bakeng sa eohle ea Fora. Hoo e ka bang 33-34% ke linōka phallang ka leoatleng: ho Rhone, ho Loire, Dordogne, Seine, Garonne, Adour le Charente. Matamo hore siea metsi ka hare France - Meuse, Rhine le Scheldt.

Loire River: Options

Ho psha ka Leoatleng la Atlantic ka naha ea Fora. km 1020 ke bolelele la nōka ea Loire. 'mapa o bontšang hore ha e hlile e le telele ka ho fetisisa. beisine lona koahela sebakeng se seng ho feta 115 000 sq. km le, e leng e emela ho feta 20% ka France naha, mabapi le eo ho ke bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa 'me habohlokoa le noka ka har'a naha.

waterway

Tšimoloho ea Loire o haufi motsaneng, eo ho thoeng ke St. Eulalie (ka lefapha la Ardèche), teng ka ka bochabela ho Massif Central. Bophahamo ba sebaka sena se limithara tse 1408 ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.

Noka Fora ka tsela ea eona lifapano matsoapong ka leboea le e ka bochabela ea drive ya, 'me joale o fumana ka sebaka Paris Basin (mabalane North French). Libakeng tsena, tekanyo phallo marotholi ka tsela e hlollang, 'me e fetoha se ka toka khutsitseng noka phallang ka mose thota ka Shoals le Zatoka. Ka mabōpo a eona ke libaka tse ngata tsa Fora tse kang Roanne, Orleans, au halefisa, Nevers, Blois, Tours le Nantes. City ka River Loire Saint-Nazaire ke ntlha ea confluence ea Leoatleng la Atlantic.

Tsela ea nōka qalong matha ho tloha ka boroa ho ea ka leboea ho ea toropong ea Orleans, ka mor'a moo a dikologela ho tloha bochabela ho ea bophirimela ho motse oa Nantes. Ka mor'a moo, nōka ea nkang metsi a eona ho Leoatle la Atlantic, e sa fetola tataiso.

tlisang liphallelo

Loire - nōka, tse qalileng ka ledge majoe (ha seretse se chesang), e leng o bitsoa Gerbier de Khao Jons (lefapha Ardèche, ka mefuta e fapaneng ya Vela le Vivarais). Ka bang 150 km tsoang Leoatleng la Mediterranean nka tataiso meridian ho ea ka leboea.

Mountain noka ka lebelo le leholo ka naha ka toka matsaranka pakeng tsa litonanahali le majoe a morema-phofu a Massif Central. Ho eu hlola lithaba Vela kristale sebopeho (leo ho lona ho ke makhalong multiple) 'me lithaba li pota botany ka Faure, ka Beaujolais, Lyon le Madeleine.

Loire noka mokgwa wa, likoluoa

Ka hoetla le mariha nōka e replenished Mediterranean pula le leoatle sediments, 'me nakong ea selemo snowmelt le lipula tse leoatleng. Nakong ea lehlabula, e pond ke metsi tlaase. ke eng lebaka ke lefe, sheba se tlang.

Bakeng sa libaka tsena li tšoauoa ka liphetoho ka tšohanyetso ha maemo a leholimo, e leng haholo ama boemo ba nōka. Ka lehlabula ho ena le omileng Loire haholo fetotsoeng. Le a boima ao ba a klimate bopengwi haholo hangata e fihle makgabane koluoa. Ho na le liketsahalo tse sa tšoaneng tsa tlhaho. Hoetla Mediterranean lifefo tse matla e hlahile ka October le September, ka ho latellana, 1846, le 1866., boima lipula leoatleng (le mariha selemong 1910 le 1936, ka ho latellana.) 'Me nako e telele lipula tsa selemo ho kopantswe le e bohale qhibilihang ka tšohanyetso ha lehloa (mathoasong a lehlabula 1856).

tributary

Loire ke tributary ka sehloohong (le letšehali banka) - River Allier. Bolelele ba eona ke km 421, metsi phallo sekhahla - karolelano 140 m³ / s. Fetang 14 300 km² - sebakeng se seng beisine e.

Metsi ka Allier o na le boemo ba tlaase ka ho fetisisa nakong ea lehlabula (July ho ea ho September). mohloling oa 'ona o boetse o lutse ka Massif Central. Tataiso ea phallo ho nōka ke haholo-holo ka leboea. Ka mabōpo le otlolla mong oa metse e ntle ka ho fetisisa French - Moulin (motse-moholo oa lefapha eponymous).

noka ena ke buka e ikhethang ka hore ka metsi a eona tlhapi lule tikoloho tsa tlhaho - metsi a hloekileng Grayling.

Medieval litora, libaka thahasella

Loir Valley e na le tse fapa-fapaneng e khōlō ea e ntle mehaho e ea boholo-holo meralo: liqhobosheane, matlo a borena, metse ea boholo-holo, 'me joalo-joalo. Ba etsa le histori e telele ea e thabisang France tsotehang.

Medieval litora hang pakela ka tse ngata tse liketsahalo sesole. Ka mor'a moo fetoloa mehaho e ntle, ba 'nile ba litsi le leholo la setso le bonono (ba ba ne ba mametse' mino haholo, ho shebella litšoantšo ntle bonahatsa ka tsela e hlollang theatrical liketso, ho ngola le ho bala lithothokiso, libuka tsa lipale, 'me ba bang ba bangata. Al.). Sena ke ka ho fetisisa e hlollang, hoo e ka bang gospel-Tale phuleng ena.

The liqhobosheane e khōlō ea libaka tsena tse hlollang - Amboise, Langeais, Chenonceau, Azay-le-Rideau, Blois, Chaumont-sur-Loire, Chambord le Valanse. Tse hlollang Loire Valley, teng pakeng tsa Chalon le Sully-sur-Loire ile thathamisitsoeng ka matlotlo UNESCO World ka 2000.

Ha ho ho makatse hore ebe Loire - nōka, eo o boetse o bitsoa ea borena, 'me a fihla phuleng lona - borena serapeng sa Fora, kapa mose lenyalo ea naha.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore, ka bomalimabe, tshebetso e fosahetseng e etsoang ke hloekisa tlase Loire tšepe e etsa hore e timelitsoeng ka eona ka tsela e hlollang lilemo li dibopeho meralo - Stay Bridge (1978).

Boleng ba nōka bakeng sa naha

Noka Fora ke habohlokoa libakeng tse ngata. Haholo-holo Loire - nōka (jwalo ka Ron leq.), Ke e le ea bohlokoa haholo ka ho hlahisa matla bakeng sa naha. sebaka sa eona e le tsona hahoa (ka beisine phahameng ka ho fetisisa) ke ditshita tse pedi: Nossal le Villerest (Alo noka beisine), basebetsi ba kajeno haholo-holo bakeng sa Cooling reactors ea nyutlelie, teng ka libaka tse 'nè tse ka France.

Ho feta moo, le nōka e amanang le palo e khōlō ea metjha e Seine (Niver le Briarsky) le noka Saône (bohareng), ho leq. Cher (Berry). Metsi likepe feela ka Nantes nyolosa.

Re lokela ho hlokomela leha ho le joalo, e le hore Loire - nōka e tla ntšetsa pele ntshetsopele ya temo le bohahlauli.

Qetellong ea litšobotsi sesa letamo

The liphororo nōkeng ena hlahlathele selemo le selemo. Nakong ea selemo, ha Loire e tlala metsi a mangata qhibiliha ho tloha e kholo letamo sebakeng, raka, athe lona kontinenteng tlas'a tšusumetso ea boima e khōlō ea metsi a "ba hlahlathele". Ho ke matla a bona ho phetha ea metsi libakeng tse ling, 'me boholo ba Shoals e ncha etsahala sebakeng sa heno koba ka nōkeng moo decreases tekanyo phallo.

Hang thawed metsi a theohe, Loire khutlela mabōpong tsa pele. O ka fumana hore ho raka, athe ba libakeng tse ling, empa ho se moo e ne e le ka selemo se fetileng. E fellang kateng le hore nōka ea Fora selemo le selemo e nyenyane hanyenyane, empa lea feto-fetoha sebopeho lona ha cornering.

Nōka ea o na le botho ba ikhethang ba phallo ea. Mabapi le se ka gare ga mokoti sebakeng se seholo ka tlaase Loire thupellong lona hangata tsejoa esale pele. Hangata ho ke tšohanyetso meroallo e phoroselang e loketseng ho temana ea lipula e telele ka France naha, ka mor'a moo le Loire melatswana tlisa ho meqolo lona le kanaleng e khōlō ea metsi.

Ka lebaka leo, ho na le Maemong a ha estuary metsi bophahamo ba modumo phallo eketseha sharply ho fihlela ho 7000 limithara ³ / s (moroallo nako). Le fokotseha bohale metsi e boetse ke ho tloaelehile libakeng tsena. Ka 1976, motseng oa Orleans e ne e ngolisitsoeng rekoto tshebediso ya tsa metsi ebe e ne e le 22,4 feela limithara ³ (tloaelehile karolelano noang ka site ya e tšoanang ke 400 limithara ^3).