Liphoofolo tsa Great Britain. Liphoofolo le liphoofolo tsa Great Britain

Puso ea sehlekehlekeng e karolong e ka leboea-bophirimela ea Europe 'me e tsejoa ka boemo ba leholimo bo sa tsitsang le bo thata ka ho fetisisa ka lipula, likhohola le meea e tloaelehileng. Tsena tsohle li amana ka ho toba le limela le liphoofolo. Mohlomong limela le liphoofolo tsa Great Britain ha li ruile mefuta e mengata joaloka linaheng tse ling tsa Europe kapa lefats'e, empa ho sena ha li lahleheloe ke botle ba tsona, botle ba tsona le bo ikhethang.

Litšobotsi tsa phomolo

Tšimo ea United Kingdom e ka aroloa likarolo tse peli: High le Low Britain. Sebaka sa pele se boetse se akarelletsa Ireland Leboea 'me se karolong e ka bophirimela le ka leboea ho naha. Sebaka sena se khetholloa ke setulo sa khale sa mehleng ea boholo-holo, ke libaka tse matla tse sa khaotseng le palo e nyenyane ea lihlekehleke. Low Britain e ea ka boroa le ka bochabela ho naha. E khetholloa ke sebaka sa mahlaseli le maralla a mabeli, kamoreng e ka tlaase ho na le majoe a macha a sedimentary. Hammoho le mocheso le mobu, mobu o na le phello litabeng tsa limela le liphoofolo tsa United Kingdom.

Boemo ba leholimo le metsi a Great Britain

Gulf Stream e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho maemo a leholimo naheng. E etsa hore ho be le leoatle le leka-lekaneng le mokokotlo o phahameng oa mongobo. Lihlahisoa li bonolo, 'me lihlabula li pholile le ho tsuba le meea e matla. Ka karolelano mocheso oa selemo le selemo o na le +11 ° C ka boroa 'me hoo e ka bang +9 ° C ka leboea-bochabela. Ho senya ho oela haholo. Lebaka le teng sebakeng se tlase-ts'ebetsong, se shebileng nģ'a bochabela ka mose ho Leoatle la Atlantic, meea e ka boroa-bophirimela e hlolang selemo se seng le se seng, le lithabeng tse karolong e ka bophirimela ea naha.

'Muso o ruile mehloli ea metsi. Ka lebaka la bongata ba metsi a leholimo, ho na le mouoane o fetisisang, hoo e batlang e le naha eohle metsi a linōka a phahameng a amana le marang-rang. Matša a maholo ka ho fetisisa Northern Ireland (Loch Tey) le Scotland (Loch Lomond, Loch Ness ka setšoantšong ka holimo). Libaka tsena li ntle haholo, ho na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liphoofolo.

Mobu le limela

Great Britain e khetholloa ke ho ata ha meru e mongobo le ea podzolic, holim'a majoe a limestone-humus-carbonate. Ha e amana le pula e matla, kaofela ha tsona li laoloa. Ka hona, limela tsa Engelane li haella haholo, meru e na le karolo ea 10 lekholong feela sebakeng seo. Kahoo, liphoofolo tsa Great Britain li na le baahi ba lithabeng, meadows le matamo. Moru o batla o le moholo Scotland, empa ho boetse ho na le li-heathlands, meadows le li-peat bogs. Mefuta e mengata ea sefate ke phaene, larch, spruce le oak. Libakeng tse tlase tsa lithaba tsa Wales le Engelane, hornbeam, elm, beech, molora le tsona lia fumanoa. Ka boroa ho naha, mefuta e meng e lulang e le tala, e tšoantšetsoang le Mediterranean, e ntse e hōla. Bophelo ba limela le liphoofolo tsa Great Britain bo khetholla boemo ba bona ba leholimo. Meadows ea tlhaho Wales le Engelane - sebaka sa tsoalo sa li-daffodils sa naha se phatsima mosehla (setšoantšo sa Welsh), orchis le primroses. Ka holim'a libaka tse lithaba ho na le libaka tsa joang-le-motley tse nang le junipere, li-blackberry le blueberry. Lithaba tsa Scotland li khetholloa ke ho ata ha sphagnum-chernozem peat bogs le meadow street le Alpine mountaineer.

Limela tse ling ho tloha mehloeng e metle e 'nile ea e-ba litšoantšetso tsa Senyesemane ka boeona le baahelani ba sona. Shamrock, kapa clover e tloaelehileng, mohlomong e tloaelane le ba bangata, e amana le lebitso la St. Patrick, mohalaleli oa Ireland. Leek e hlaha ke pontšo ea baahi ba Wales. Sehlahla se meutloa sa mofoka (tšoantšetso) ka lilemo tse fetang 500 - letšoao la Scotland, le nang le boikutlo bo sa laoleheng le bo ikhohomosang ba baahi ba sebaka seo.

Liphoofolo tsa Great Britain

Liphoofolo tsa naha ena ha li fapane haholo le mefuta e fapa-fapaneng 'me li tloaelehile Europe Leboea. Hona joale ho na le lihlopha tse ka bang 70 tse tsoang sehlopheng sa liphoofolo tse phefolang, ha tse 13 tsa tsona li kenngoa naheng, 'me e seng tsa matsoalloa, ha ho na li-endemics. Linonyana li fapane ho fapana (mefuta e 588). Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho na le libaka tse ka bang 250 tšimong, 'me tse 300 ha li bone kapa ha li ntse li fofa. Boemo ba leholimo bo batang ha bo tlatse mefuteng e fapa-fapaneng ea lihahabi tse amehang ho liphetoho tsa mocheso. Ho na le mefuta e tšeletseng ea mefuta ea libaka tsa naha, hammoho le likotopo tsa leoatle (5) le lihahabi tse tlisitsoeng sehlekehlekeng ke batho (7).

Lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang liphoofolo: mefuta ea liphoofolo

Lebōpo la Great Britain le hlatsoa ke Leoatle la Atlantic 'me sena se hlalosa palo e kholo ea baahi ba metsing. Kahoo, lebōpong la lehlabathe le lejoe le majoe a majoe u ka kopana le lipontšo tse tloaelehileng le tsa nako e telele tsa leoatle. Libakeng tsa metsi sebakeng seo ho na le li-baleha tse mebala-bala le mefuta-futa, seyval, finy whale, li-minke whale, li-dolphin (lihlooho tse bohlooho, li-grade tsa Atlantic, li-grinda, li-white, li-stripe, bottlenose, li-killer whale), hammoho le porpoise, li-pittlenose, li-beltedot, molomo le sperm whale.

Liphoofolo tse ling tsa UK ka lebaka la ho tsoma ka mafolofolo ho pholletsa le makholo a lilemo li se li sa fumanehe. Ha ho joalo haholo merung ea li-artiodactyls tsa khale joaloka pele: li-roe li-roe, tse hlomphehang, tse nang le majoe le metsi (mefuta e sa tloaelehang, e tlokotsing) likhama, likhama tse nyenyane, Chinese muntjak. Ho likokoana-hloko tse kholo ho na le phokojoe, phiri, katata ea meru, marten, ermine, weasel, ferret, otter, joalo-joalo. Baahi ba baahi - li-badgers, likolobe tse hlaha, li-shrews. Taelo ea li-lagiformes e emeloa ke mefuta e lekaneng ea mefuta: li-hare, linonyana tse tšoeu le mebutlanyana, li-voles, dorms, likhoto le litoeba, Caroline le li-squirrel tse tloaelehileng.

Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela mefuta-futa ea baemeli ba Bats ba malapa (e leng mefuta e 20). Mabitso a mang a liphoofolo a sa tloaelehang, 'me a mang a tloaelehile ho ba bangata: horsehoe e kholo le e nyane, Europe broadsword, letlalo la morao le la bicoloured, long-eared, metsi, moustached, bosiu le bosiu Brandt, mantsiboeeng a mabeli le a khubelu, mahlo, a masoeu le a bohlooho.

Linonyana tsa Great Britain

Har'a mefuta e fetang makholo a mahlano ea linonyana, karolo e fetang halofo ea naha e mpa e le nako feela. Mesebetsi ea batho e na le tšusumetso e khōlō libakeng tsa bona tsa tlhaho. Sena se lebisa ho ho feto-fetoha ha palo ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng. Ka hona, ka lebaka la ho tšolla maru, palo ea nonyana ea metsi e fokotsehile, empa lirobele le maeba li hantle haholo metseng, e mengata e kholo haholo. Liphoofolo tsa Great Britain ha li rue haholo ka mefuta-futa, 'me linonyana ha li joalo. Ho baahi ba moo ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela lichelete, linaleli, li-robins, kingfishers (tšoantšetso), red-breasted zarinq (letšoao la naha), petrel, moriana, joalo-joalo. Palo ea linonyana tsa khoebo e nyenyane, empa ho ntse ho e-na le pheasants le partridges.

Ke lihahabi tsa mofuta ofe tse phelang?

Maemo bakeng sa lihahabi, ho li beha ka bonolo, ha li molemo ka ho fetisisa. Ka hona, ho na le mefuta e 11 feela, tse hlano tsa tsona ke baahi ba metsing (likolobe). Baemeli ba pele ba bararo ke lisosa: ho qoba ho potlakela, ho phela ka mokhoa o potlakileng le o fokolang (o tšoantšetso). E qetellang e tšoana le noha, kaha ha e na maoto. Tsena ke liphoofolo tse hlaha tse tloaelehileng, tse tloaelehileng hohle. Ho tsoa linoheng ho na le mefuta e meraro: e tloaelehileng, koporo le adder. Baahi ba moo ba lebōpong la leoatle ba akarelletsa likotopo tsa leoatle: loggerhead, Bissa, e tala le Atlantic ridleya.

Ho phaella ho lihahabi tsena, bonyane mefuta e meng e supileng e ne e kenngoa naheng ka linako tse fapaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa maqhubu a mofubelu le a Europe, marako le limela tse tala, marabe le linoha tsa metsi, le esculapius skid. Liphoofolo tse ling tsa Great Britain li kile tsa lula tšimong ea tsona, empa tsa fela, 'me hamorao tsa boela tsa kenngoa naheng.

Baemeli ba sehlopha sa amphibian

Mefuta ea bo-Aborigine ea li-amphibians ke e fokolang, ke tse robeli feela (tailless tse 5 le tse 3 tse tailed). Li-Triton li fumanoa linōkeng le libaka tsa matloana: nithenous, tse tloaelehileng le lihla (setšoantšong). Bakeng sa baemeli ba mefuta e meholo, ea bohlooho le lehlaka le lihoho, lihoho (pondaceous, pry le joang) li tloaelehile. E tsebahala bonyane mefuta e leshome le metso e 'meli e hlahisitsoeng. Har'a tsona, li-newts (alpine, gray-spotted and marbled), sefate se jeoang, sekontiri sa mollo, terata ea tšepe e mosehla, joalo-joalo.

Baahi ba sa tsitsang ba Great Britain

Liphoofolo tsena tse hlaha ha li bonahale, empa li ngata ka ho fetisisa ka palo le ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng. Li-mollusk li emeloa ke mefuta e fetang 220. Sehlopha se tloaelehileng haholo le tse ngata, ke 'nete, likokoanyana. UK, ho na le mefuta e fetang likete tse 20, ho akarelletsa le maleshoane, li-lepidopterane, litho tsa mongoana le li-dragonflies.

Liphoofolo tsa UK li khetholloa ke mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo le batho ba bangata ba tlaase. Sena se bakoa eseng feela ka boemo ba leholimo. Mesebetsi ea moruo ea motho, ho rema meru, ho tšolla meru le ho felisa, e ileng ea nka lilemo tse makholo, ka sebele e tlatsetsa ho eona.