Lik'hemik'hale thepa acid

Acid e bitswang rarahaneng metsoako entsoe ka liathomo hydrogen le matla a ho nkeloa sebaka ke liathomo tsa tšepe, 'me e masalla acid e.

Acid tse electrolyte. Lik'hemik'hale thepa acid tse hlaloswang ka ho hlophisoa bona.

Go arologana acid e ka mabaka a sa tšoaneng:

1. Ho ea ka palo ea liathomo hydrogen.

2. Ka ho ba teng ha oksijene.

3. Ho ea ka tekanyo e sa dissociation.

Ho ea ka palo ea liathomo oksijene (sena itšetlehile ka thepa lik'hemik'hale acid) di arotswe anoxic (sulfide hydrogen, acid e hydrochloric joalo joalo. D.) 'Me oksijene-e nang le (nitric, sulfurous, le silicic sa t. D.)

Ho ea ka palo ea liathomo hydrogen ea acid e ke:

- monobasic, e nang le athomo e mong hydrogen (acid e hydrochloric, acid e nitric);

- dibasic nang liathomo tse peli hydrogen (acid e sulfuric, sulphide hydrogen);

- tribasic nang athomo hydrogen e meraro (phosphoric).

E le tšobotsi ea boraro ea acid e e arotsoe electrolyte fokolang (phosphoric, k'habone, joalo-joalo D.) 'Me electrolyte matla (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric).

Lik'hemik'hale thepa acid

Ho ba teng ha ions hydrogen ka ditharollo acid e etsang qeto ea hore tikoloho ya bona asiti le bolila tatso. Leha ho le joalo, o ka se ke ua leka le tsona ka puo ea kamoo ho ka khonehang chesa lik'hemik'hale.

Litmus methylene lamunu pontshi le fetola 'mala oa sona tlas'a tšusumetso ea acid.

Asiti ditharollo itšoara ka oxides motheo, ho fellang ka sebopeho sa letsoai le metsi.

acid e itšoara joang le tšepe ka ho le letsehali ea elements hydrogen ka tšepe mola gagamalo. Phello ke tšepe letsoai le hydrogen.

acid e itšoara joang le makalana. Ba itšoara joang e fana ka letsoai, 'me ka metsi. Ba itšoara joang pakeng tsa acid e le a alkali (botlaaseng) o bitsoa itšoara joang neutralization.

acid e itšoara joang le ditharollo letsoai, ha boemo ba ketsahalo e le mokhoa oa ho ba itšoara joang ho isa qetellong ea phapanyetsano Ion, i.e. e precipitate kapa khase e e lokolloa.

The thepa lik'hemik'hale tsa acid manyolo na le litšobotsi tse ba bona.

Properties ea acid e phosphoric

Phosphoric acid e le tharollo lona ea metsi a acid e ngata se fokolang haholo tse kang nitric le sulfuric. asiti ena, eo ho eona sebopeho ho na le liathomo oksijene tse tharo. E dissociation electrolytic ea acid e phosphoric etsahala stepwise. Tloaelehileng acid e - acid e phosphoric, lik'hemik'hale tsa lona thepa li hlalosoa ka bophara.

The tharollo ea acid e phosphoric, dihydrogen phosphate ions ba teng le ka sehloohong. Ions tse thehoa ka ho ba sethaleng bobeli dissociation ke tlase haholo, 'me phosphate ions, le ka lebaka la ho ba sethaleng ionization boraro, hoo e ka bang le siyo. Ka pele sethaleng acid e phosphoric - matla acid e mahareng. Kaha ho na le mefuta e meraro ea litlhaka kahare asiti ka sebelisana ea acid e phosphoric le matsoai a alkali ba thehoa ka tsela e latelang: phosphates, phosphates hydrogen le dihydrogen phosphates.

asiti Orthophosphoric ka 'na ba hlaheletseng le e mong le tse ling tse ka acid e ea ileng a itšoara ka nitrate silevera, eo ho eona e theha precipitate mosehla. Tse ling phosphorus acid sebelisana le nitrate le silevera ea ho theha e precipitate tšoeu. asiti Orthophosphoric ka futhumatsang le e bopa metsi cleaves acid e pyrophosphoric.

Lik'hemik'hale thepa ea acid e hydrochloric

asiti Hydrochloric ke matla monobasic acid e le tloaelehileng thepa acid. Colorless hanyenyane fuming tharollo mokelikeli oa chloride hydrogen ka metsing. Letsoai ea acid e hydrochloric ba bitsoa "chloride".

asiti Hydrochloric e ka ka lokisoa ka ho itšoara ditharollo tsa sodium chloride le asiti sulfuric, le chloride hydrogen qhalwa ho ya ka metsi a. asiti Hydrochloric a leka ho le botlaaseng ka, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa le letsoai le metsi. Ke itšoara ka neutralization a alkali itsoara joang ka se hlahile. U ka netefatsa pontshi ena. mala lona liphetoho, fana ka maikutlo a tharollo nke lehlakore.

Ba itšoara joang ea acid e hydrochloric le nitrate le silevera ea isang sebopeho sa letsoai insoluble - chloride le silevera ea eo precipitates.

asiti Hydrochloric a leka ka tšepe a sebetsang. Ha kenngoa ka tharollo, zinki, sebopeho le mafolo-folo e qala le ho lokolloa ha haedrojene.

asiti Hydrochloric ke acid e tloaelehileng, a leka ho le makalana, tšepe le letsoai.