Kou ea California (Leoatle la Cortez): moo ke tlhaloso

Kou ea California ke karolo ea Leoatle la Pacific. Ho e teng ka ka leboea-bophirimela ea Mexico le mabōpo e fokolang ea hloahloa ea Baja California le Sonora le Sinaloa. Bolelele ba eona ke 1126 km le, 'me ho bophara fapana ho 48 ho 241 Km. Bay Area - ka 177 000 sq. km SE. Ka metsi a eona ho na le ka bang 900 le lihlekehlekeng, ho akarelletsa le Isla Ángel de Guarda le Tiburon, ea kholo ka ho fetisisa Mexico. Ho tloha ka leboea ho ea Koung ea California e oele ho Colorado River 'me metse ea' maloa koung boleng karolelano e teng hammoho mabopong.

pale

Kou ea California o ile a qala ho theha ka bang limilione tse 130 lilemong tse fetileng ka ea puso ea Mesozoic, ha ka lebaka la tectonic molato drive ya sushi, e fetohile ha nako e ntse hloahloa tsa Baja California, o ile a qala ho arohana le naha ena. Hoo e ka bang limilione tse 4,5 lilemong tse fetileng, sebaka sena sa metsi thehoa ka ho feletseng, empa ka mor'a nako hloahloa ba ile ba fallela e le ka ho eketsehileng 650 Km. E nahana hore, ho fallela ka lebelo la cm, 4 ho 6 ka selemo, lilemong tse milione tse seng kae, ho ka ho feletseng detaches ho tloha k'honthinenteng e le Gulf tla mochophorong.

Ka 1533, hloahloa le koung ne phoso sibolla mohloli oa Mexico, Hernán Cortés, ka mor'a moo ka 1539 ba metsi California a lebitso la eona la bobeli - the Sea of Cortez. Conquistadors lumela hore karolo e ka leboea ke tšōmong Strait Aniane tlohang Pacific le Atlantic.

Explorer Melchior Diaz tsa utolola lebōpong le ka leboea ka 1540 'me o ile a bula molomo oa Colorado, empa pherekano ka Strait' na mangolong a libaka ho tse lekholo tse XVII. Cortez tlisa morao ho tloha maeto hae le palo e itseng ea liperela, tlhahiso ea e neng e etsoa hamorao o pharalletse liindasteri, e le lefu le leha ho le joalo e sa tsejoeng ka lilemo tse 1936-1940 ha senya mussels morue-perela.

Ka Gulf Coast li botlaaseng ba Senyesemane, Sefora le Madache masholu a maoatleng a mang a nyamela ka mor'a tlhōlo ea ho qetela ea Baja California ke Masepanishe ka 1697 The ntshetsopeleng ya moruo ya sebakeng ile a qala ka mora ho thehoeng ka 1768 tsa mision le Franciscan ka Pacific lebōpong le. Ka 1821, Bay fetoha karolo ea puso ikemetseng, Mexico (ka mapa lefatše e se e le ho tloha nakong eo ba ile ba qala ho bontša), 'me qetellong ea 1846-1848,' muso oa US US-Mexico Ntoa, o ile a lumela ho tsamaea ka har'a naha ho hloahloa le hlobolisa moqotetsane naha lebōpong leboea Bay, kahoo le leoatle la Cortez ke Mexico ka ho feletseng. Hona joale ba limilione tse 8 batho ba phelang ka mabōpo a eona.

boemo ba leholimo

Boemo ba leholimo ke tropike Gulf, le liphetoho bohlokoa ka linako tse itseng. Lehlabula mocheso fihla 30 ° C, mariha ka leboea theolela ho karolelano ea 9 ° C, empa ho boetse ho na a hoamisoa. Karolelano ea metsi le mocheso oa 24 ° C (ho 30 ° C ka lehlabula le 16 ° C mariha). Karolong e ka leboea ea koung tloha Mphalane ho lipula May tse nyenyane, 'me ka ea lehlabula boroa lifefo e chesang e mongobo etsahala.

botebo

Botebo karolelano ea ba fetang kilometer dari, empa botebong ba koung e khaola ka troughs tebileng, fihla limithara tse 3400. Karolong e ka leboea ea sebaka seo, haholo-holo ho pota molomong oa Colorado, ho na le ba bang ba robong-mithara tides, har'a phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.

liphoofolo

Kou ea California e na le tse fapa-fapaneng e ikhethang ea liphoofolo, e leng ke ke hobane'ng ha sebaka sena ke laboratori ea tlhaho ho ithuta lintho tse phelang metsing, o ile a fumana ke Jacques-Iva Kusto bitsoa "aquarium tsa lefatše." Mona re ile ra fumana ba ka bang 40% ea mefuta eohle ea liphoofolo tse anyesang leoatleng le karolo ea boraro ea baemeli ba lefatšeng ba cetaceans ea lelapa. O e boetse e le sebaka feela lefatšeng moo ho na le ka tlas'a metsi lehlabathe liphororong.

Kakaretso ea Koung ho na le 36 mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang metsing, 31 - cetaceans, tse hlano tsa mefuta e supileng ea likolopata leoatle, batho ba fetang 800 tlhapi, eo 90 ke tloaelehile haholo, 210 - lelapa ea linonyana, le invertebrates fetang 6.000.

Flora akarelletsa ho dimela mefuta ba 695, e leng 28 ba tloaelehile haholo. Mong le e mong mariha le Gulf fetisa falla tsa maruarua bohlooho. Ntle ho tsena, ho mefuta fallang kenyeletsa maruarua leruarua, 'me maruarua peō ea botona. Le ka linako tse ling ho sesa metsing a koung seqhenqha maruarua a maputsoa. Ka ho fetisisa tummeng le ntse hampe ithutile e tloaelehile haholo ho California porpoise, kapa Vakit, har'a tse nyenyane tsa lelapa, eo bolelele ha sa feteng limithara tse 'ngoe le halofo. mefuta ena, a fumana ka 1958, ke tlas'a tšokelo ea ho fela.

e bolelang Gulf

California Bay na boleng khoebo. Ho e kholo haholo, joalokaha 77% ea Mexico e tlhapi le tšoase oela ka Leoatleng la Pacific le 80% ea ba - Leoatleng la Cortez. Morao tjena, ho tsoasa litlhapi hampe ama ka kakaretso e bohloko liphetoho tikoloho, tse kang phokotso ea phallo ea Colorado River, moo metsi a khelosa bakeng sa nosetso. bothata bo bong ke matla ka tsela e feteletseng ea ho tšoasa litlhapi, thatafatsa hlaphoheloa ea baahi, 'me trawling tlase.

le lihlekehlekeng

Pele a bua ka lihlekehlekeng, o lokela ho hopola hore seo leoatle ke ea Koung ea California. Ya e le hantle, ho Pacific. Lihlekehlekeng, tseo boholo ba tsona li selomong nesting libaka tse palo e khōlō ea linonyana le phasejeng bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e fallang, bao palo fihla 50%. Har'a linonyana tloaelehile haholo na baemedi.

Boemo ba leholimo e omeletseng lihlekehleke, tšoanang ho Sonoran Lehoatata. Har'a limela sehlekehleke se sebakeng se haufi le metsi tse kang Kou ea California ( 'mapeng ho bonolo ho fumana), e busoa ke cacti le succulents tse ling. Ka bang lihlekehlekeng tse ling tse mokhoabo oo, 'me hammoho le lebōpo ka bochabela ea Tiburon otlolla mangroves tlaase. The liphoofolo tsa libakeng tsena naha e haholo-holo e emeloa ke lihahabi, eo ho na le 115 mefuta e, kapa ka 10% ea Mexico Herpetological fapane. Kholo ka ho fetisisa tse anyesang naha ke coyotes le tse nyenyane likhama batsho gelada.

July 15, 2005 le karolo ea koung le lihlekehlekeng (5% ea tšimo e) e ile kenyelelitsoe lethathamong UNESCO World Heritage, e le ho se tšoane ha lintho tse phelang tsa tikolohong eo e tšoana le ea Islands Galapagos le Great Barrier Reef. Ka palo yohle, ho na le ba bang ba robong libakeng tse sireletswa, eo 25% ba e-ea lihlekehlekeng le 75% ke ea metsi leoatleng. Nka tlas'a tšireletso ea naha ho feta ha a lumelle boemo ba lipolotiki naheng ena le khahlanong le matšolo a khoebo.

bohahlauli

Kou ea California ke ratoa machaba bahahlauli sebaka le indasteri e atlehileng. Ho selemo le selemo ka hulelang batho ba ka bang limilione tse peli, e leng e fana ka le mabopo a leoatle, qoela metsing a tumme ka ho sebeletsa pepeneneng bona. Fumaneha ho tšoasa litlhapi, windsurfing lago, kayaking, ba lintho tse epolotsoeng, bike, hloa le maeto a pere, leruarua shebeletse feela, ke etela likhutlong tse ngata unspoilt. Ho na le mefuta e meng ea bohahlauli tlholeho.

Mexico ka mapa lefatše e bonahalang hantle, haholo bonolo ho fumana le koung. E le hore ho fumana hore sebaka sena, u ka betla tsela e telele kapa khutšoanyane, empa feela lokela ho tseba hore maikutlo a ka mor'a ketelo ea ka e tla lula e sa lebaleheng.