Jeoang o monate chestnut: jala le ho ho hōla

Chestnut - semelo tsomo tsa lipale setso le le khabisitsoeng le lehong le thata setso lirapa kgabisa le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa linaha tsa Bophirimela European le libaka tse ka boroa tsa Russia. Sena ke e thahasellisang sefate mefuta le na le litlotla tse 'maloa (jeoang, Europe, e babatsehang), ba kopantsoe ke lebitso e le' ngoe - monate chestnut. Ka peculiarities ya semela, mekhoa lona le mekhoa ea temo ea temo ithuta ho tloha buka ena.

Osele ho tloha lelapa la beech

Castanea sativa - sefate se hlollang, eo ka eona le lichaba tse fapaneng ba amahanngoa le litloaelano tse sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, ka qala ho ea hoetla ka France qala "Red Season", ha a le mong le e mong sekhutlo seterata rekisa litholoana halikiloeng le lijana tse ling tse thehiloeng ho bona. Sexton chestnut - e mosa ea tšoantšetso ea Kiev, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo selemo e lema le mefuteng e chestnut, bo phatsimang botle ka seatla se bulehileng le e babatsehang le khabisitsoeng le e le hantle. A tšepe bafolisi phahameng boleng litšobotsi tsa lona folisa, kaha ke pholiso kaofela ka holimo-fatše likarolo ea semela.

ha namela libakeng tse

Afrika-bochabela Europe le Malaysia o ile a hlokomela e le belegetswe ea moemeli oa mocheso le futhumala latitudes. Monate chestnut, nakong ea mariha hardiness ke tlaase, le fumanoa kajeno Asia Bochabela, ho tloaelehile hore batho ka Mediterranean le Atlantic lebōpong la Amerika, empa a leholimo ka leboea dimela pholohang.

Sefate - e lakatseha mophonyohi. Ka lefatše ho na le limela tse seng kae phelang lilemo tse fetang 1000, 'me ka mosiko oa Maemong Caucasus tsebahalang, ha a tšela letšoao 500-selemo. The nako karolelano ea bophelo ba chestnut e nkoa e le e tsotehang nako - lilemo tse 450-500.

makgetheng itseng

Kaofela ha mefuta eno ya chestnuts ho matleng a lelapa le tummeng la beech le ba telele lifate, e fihla limithara tse 30-35. Ena dimela - seqhenqha ea sebele le ho jala moqhaka e pharaletse ebile e toba kutu e bontšoang ka liketso, ka bophara ba tsona e ka finyella makgabane ho fihlela ho le mitha tse peli. Lefifi sootho makhapetla koahetse kutu ea sefate, tletse mapetsong, botebo la leng eketsa le lilemo. Haholo hasanya makala bopa bongata le moqhaka o teteaneng. Chestnut makhasi atoloswa (ho fihlela ho 25 cm,), le bonahalang bohale notches oblong lekelekanang kholoanyane. sebopeho bona e ntle e hatisa sebopeho le letšo-letšo 'me lero lefifi' mala o motala. Makhasi lithunthung mathoasong a April.

Monate chestnut - sefate thunthung. The sebonoang sea hlolla 'me u ka mo bona ka June. Nyenyane khanyang lipalesa, ba ile ba bokana inflorescences spicate, koahela setso, hohela glances tsa passers ka le ho khothatsa pollinating likokoanyana.

tholoana

Fruiting dimela qala ka October 'me November, le e le qalo ea defoliation. Jeoang litholoana tsa chestnut e - ea sebele linate le letšo-letšo sebopeho yellowish kapa tranelate 'mala. E develops ka sireletsang shell a-cupule hlomelloa le Spikes tiileng le sireletsa e tsoa ho e mahlomola a sa tšoaneng. Ka e mong le e shell a joalo butsoe e mong - tse tharo linate bacha, eaba Cupule peperana, a pepese litholoana.

Nuts mefuta tse kang monate chestnut jeoang, ho ja, le mefuta e bona inedible, tse kang litholoana tsa ho chestnut pere, ke thepa e babatsehang e tala bakeng sa ho sebelisoa moriana setso. Ditholwana sweetish tatso, ho ba le sebopeho hanyenyane looser le sebopeho e ikhethang ea limatlafatsi.

Jeoang chestnut shebahala a fapane le pere hanyenyane ile a bolela mabokose keletso eo ho eona cotyledon le. Ka mor'a ho tlosa tsa linate kotulo bolokwa bakeng sa nako e telele, hobane ba tla ka potlako omella, ba brittle le ho felloa ke mosebedisi thepa tsa bona.

Castanea sativa: e molemo thepa le dikopo

Sebopeho chestnuts ikhethang, ba di na le dipegelo e leka-lekaneng sete oa liminerale, livithamine le unsaturated mafura acid, macro- le trace likarolo le metsoako bona. Ho fapana le tse ling tse linate chestnut e na le palo e bonyane ba mafura, e leng se etsang ho le molemo bakeng sa sehlahisoa lijo lijo. Rich liprotheine chestnut litholoana, tsoekere, likoluoa tsa tlhaho dimela enzyme.

Nuts ke tsa bohlokoa e le lijo. Ba sebelisoa a hloekileng kapa tlas'a pheha leha e le efe: halikiloeng, apehoa, ka setimi, eketsa ho lebakeng le confectionery lihlahisoa. Siloa halikiloeng chestnuts - ka ka nkang sebaka moholo bakeng sa kofi.

Ho phaella ho tholoana nang le litšobotsi tse khethehileng le seo makhasi a sona sefate, le dikahare tse phahameng tsa tannins le pectins ka eo ka tsela e atlehang disinfected le ho folisa maqeba, ho thibela tsoa mali.

Castanea sativa: hōla

Culture sa jala ke peo kapa vegetatively - cuttings. Fumana peo e ke likokoanyana chestnut. Fruiting mefuta e fapaneng hape qala ka linako tse fapaneng. Ba bang ba - ka selemo 3-6-go th ea bophelo, tse ling tse - ho tloha 25 ho. Hangata ka ho fetisisa e etsahalang hore ke lema ka lema serapeng sa rona chestnut grower tsotellang haholo-holo mabapi le karolo le khabisitsoeng la tsa ka hare ho naha, 'me ea bobeli - fana ka kotulo ea bana ba linate le litloholo e le kotulo ea hae ho tlosa ho ke ke ha ho kgonehe kamehla. Empa balemi ba lirapa ba nang le phihlelo ba bolela hore ho disampole lilemo tse 40 li habonolo bokella lik'hilograma 60-70 tsa linate.

Monate chestnut hantle nka motso ka le chabile, libakeng tse ka sireletsa le mobu nke lehlakore breathable nonneng. Mongobo-lerato setso ha a mamelle komello, e le ho hlokomela dimela mocha ke ntho ea bohlokoa haholo.

Ho hōla ho tloha peo

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka holimo, chestnut - tsoa tropike mofuthu le ka ho mamella serame, empa e ntse e hōla hantle ka ho greenhouses le conservatories, hammoho le ka lapeng setso sa "bonsai" thekenoloji Japanese.

Fumana e tletseng chestnut sefate ho tloha dipeo ka botlalo ripened me ba oele ea sefate. Bakeng sa tsoele pele ho mela ya boleng hloka stratification telele, e leng se etsisang mokhoa oa tlhaho, thulaganyo tlhaho. Dipeo di kenngoa ka setshelo ya, tšela omileng noka lehlabathe le kenngoa ka le sehatsetsi kapa mokatong o ka tlaase. Ka mor'a likhoeli tse 5-6 nōkiloeng joalo peō ea chestnut e ka jaloang ho oona ho mela.

Ba behoa ka substrate ho tloha motsoako oa fatše lehong le lekhasi hlobo. E mong le e linate e lema ka tanka arohaneng le bokgoni ba a etsang dilitara tse 4-5. Ho bebofatsa tsoele pele ho mela pele jalang dipeo a 'na a ka metsi a futhumetseng ho matsatsi a 5-6. Tebisa ka ho 10 cm. Stratified, ba mela ka potlako, ho ya ka matsatsi a 15-20. sethopo Germinated ba isoang nakong ea selemo ho etsa morero bulehileng chabile, likhutlong di fifaditsweng di e sa lifate sebetsang serapeng chestnut ha loketseng.

Landing saeteng ho lokisetsa esale pele ho kokobetsa ho ea acidity fetang mobu, phaella ka ho re ka 1 limithara ea ² ea 500-600 dikgerama dolomite le cheka ka holimo topsoil le humus. Pele sethopo ho hlome tiile lipelo, e hlahisang moea o hloekileng letsatsi le letsatsi libeke tse peli. Lenngoeng bulehileng dimela fatše ka metso hōle e tlhokomelwa fela thata. Ba hloka tokiso e bonolo empa kamehla.

Tsela ea ho hlokomela ea limela le mocha

Bakeng sa libaka tse nang le mofuthu le maikutlo a boemo ba leholimo Castanea sativa semela le hōle ha ho thata, ke feela ha ba fuoa semela a batla a ea hloko, ho phetha le mekgwatshebetso ya ho e le tloaelo ba beha fatše litšobotsi tsa mefuta e le mekhoa e ho lema lema.

Tshehetso kgolo ya dimela mocha, u lokela ho kamehla Weed mobu ka likutu ho sefate, ka lokolla e le metsi le dimela ha ho hlokahala. Chestnut ha rata omisa tsoa mobu, empa ka mor'a nako o ile a ba le matla e tlanye motso tsamaiso e khopo u ka ntšang metsi leo e seng thata. dimela Leha ho le joalo le metse ka metso ha lia lokela ho angoa joang ke khaello ea metsi.

Jeoang chestnuts mosing ke tlaase hardiness hlokang mahae a mariha, esita le haeba ba hōlileng ka ho maemo a loketseng Crimean. Ka maphepheng sebediswa nutrasil kapa tse ling tse bao e seng lohiloeng lintho tse bonahalang e sireletsang.

Faolang: bohloeki le eaba ba etsa

Ntle ho mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea tsotellang, chestnut hlokahala kuta, eaba ba etsa moqhaka, ho fana ka le khabisitsoeng le le thibela thickening le ketsahalo e sa mafu a hlahang ho yona fapaneng. Phetha faolang ka mathoasong a selemo, ho tlosa tse senyehileng, ho kula, ba fokolang le ho hōla ka hare makala moqhaka. Sebopeho sa moqhaka o etsoang tsoe ho ea dimela ba hōlileng tsebong ho feta, ho haha ho ea ka dikgethollo tsa bona le litakatso tsa. Castanea sativa, photo photo photo photo ba tsona li fanoa ka sengoliloeng seo - sefate hlollang. Leha ho le joalo, e le disampole phele ho ea moemeli oa beech le ntseng le hōla a le serapeng hao - hlollang le tse lakatsehang dimela bakeng sa balemi ba lirapa libaka ka boroa.