Isoamylalcohol

Fokotsa joala monohydric, e mong oa isomers robeli tsa pentanol, - e isoamyl joala (lik'hemik'hale moralo - C5H11OH, kwalwang - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, le bonahetseng - C5H12O). Lebitso hlophisitsoeng oa ntho e - 3-methylbutanol-1. Tse neng li tloaelehile mabitso - isopentanol (Isopentanol) le izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Joala bo molare boima lekana 88,148 g, / Mol. Ka ponahalo e sa thabiseng-nkhang hampe, e hlakileng, colorless mokelikeli eo ke bobebe ho feta metsi. The segokanyipalo sa ea ntho e hloekileng ka 20 ° C - 0,8104 g, / cm³. Isopentanol qhibiliha ka mocheso oa ho tloswa 117,2 ° C garena a phehile ka 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl joala ke e 'ngoe ea isomers tse tharo tsa amyl joala, e leng hanyenyane molemo ho feta ba bang kaofela ke metsi qhibilihang ka har'a. solubility lona ka metsi a 28 g, / k. Tsoakane le monohalogen acetone, diethyl phenylate, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acid e acetic (glacial). Matla e tiileng e qamathelang joala ke 3.692 mPa • s. Isopentanol ke kotsi mollo ntho (mokelikeli ona chang). Lona meeli phatloha 1,2-9%, halima ntlha - 42 ° C mmoho, autoignition - garena 350 ° C.

Isopentanol ke motsoako ka sehloohong tsa oli fusel (it Ho thehoa ka tlhahisong ea ethanol), 'me ho tloha eo e lokisitseng. Ho noa joala ho hlahisoeng mokhoa bopilwe ka futhumatsang boitsebiso tala ho tlosa khanya lipheletsong (pele azeotrope distilled ethanol-metsi, ka nako eo le e ntseng e eketseha mocheso-butanol ile distilled tloha ho ea metsi azeotrope). futhumatsang eketsehileng evaporator e lumella ho abelwang karolo ya joala isoamyl, 'me tse setseng masalla boima e romeloa ho senya. Ka ho fetola tshebetso entsprechen (mocheso, joalo-joalo) laoloa boleng ba sehlahisoa ho qetela. Phello isopentanol le karoloana boima ba 3-methylbutanol-1 ho 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) kapa 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

Ka ho ba teng ha sethothetsi, e leng e sebediswa e le asiti sulfuric, joala isoamyl a leka ka acid e glacial acetic. abel ho ka ngotsoe ka mokgwa latelang: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. itšoara joang ena e na le mabitso a mabeli: Fischer itšoara joang kapa esterification itšoara joang. Phello ke e Ester (isoamyl ea acetate) le metsi. The asiti Ion phapanyetsano lehoakhoa ka sebelisoa e le sethothetsi sebakeng sa acid e sulfuric. Isoamyl ea acetate ke tatso maiketsetso, e leng e sebelisoa ho etsa tatso ea lijo tsa ba banana. Ho phaella moo, o sebeletsa e le solvent bakeng lacquers nitrocellulose bang ea e sebelisang (pheromones) ho hohela lihlopha tse khōlō tsa linotši ka sebakeng seo se senyenyane. Ka monko le matla haholo monate le tlaase toxicity, isoamyl ea acetate e sebediswa hore a leke ho atleha ha respirators kapa masken.

joala Isoamyl ke lithethefatsi, ke e chefo. mouoane lona ba halefisa ho lera la mucous pampitšaneng ena ho hema, a etsa hore ho khohlela le dyspnea. Ho kotsi haeba metsoa kapa hema. A ka etsa hore bohareng tsamaiso ea methapo ho tepella maikutlo. Ka nako e ngata le bothata ba ho chefo joala tsamaiso bohareng tšohile, matšoafo le mahlo, letlalo. Nako e telele kapa a pheta ho ikopanya le eena ho etsa hore letlalo omile le degreasing. Ka lebaka la a e-ja le hlaha gastrointestinal teneha le ho nyekoa ke pelo, ho hlatsa le letshollo. Hit eena ka matšoafong a etsa hore lik'hemik'hale pneumonitis le sephetho le bolaeang. e le hantle Narcotic le hlaha le matšoao a hlooho e opang, ho fokola, ho tsekela, ho lahleheloa ke akheha. Ka lebaka leo, ea entsoeng hampe a ka oela coma ka.

Haeba joala isoamyl kena mahlong a hao, ba nako e telele (metsotso e bonyane 15), ke hlatsoitse le metsi a mangata 'me ba batla thuso ea lingaka. Ha e kena letlalong, likarolo tse ling tsena li boetse li hlatsoa ka metsi. Nka theoha liaparo le lieta silafalitsoe. Ha ho teneha develops le ntse e tsoela pele, ka nako eo batla ngakeng. Liaparo pele wa sebedisa hakaalo hlakola. Haeba metsoa, fumana thuso ea lingaka ka potlako. U se ke ua susumelletsa ho hlatsa ntle le o ile a laela ho etsa joalo ka ho basebetsi ba bongaka. Motho ea ba tsebe letho, le ka mohla fa eng kapa eng e ke molomo. Ha ho hlatsa le hlaha ka tlhaho, ea entsoeng hampe itšetleha pele. Ha chefo lipara isoamyl joala mokuli tlisa ho moea o hloekileng. Haeba ha a hema, ho CPR. Ha ho hema ke ho le thata fa oksijene. thuso ea lingaka e hlokahalang! ngaka alakisi e bontshang matshwao le tšehetsang kalafo.