Hydrochloric acid: 'mele le lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso le tšebeliso

Motsoako oa hydrochloric acid o sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba meriana, hobane merero ea phekolo e hlakotsoe. Naheng ea Pharmacopoeia, ho na le litafole tse khethehileng tseo u ka khethollang karolo ea acid ka eona tharollo ea aqueous. E le hore u etse sena, u hloka feela ho tseba matla a eona a matla.

Ho sebelisa litafole tsena, ho bonolo haholo ho hlahloba mahlaseli a acid ena tharollo. Mathata a tloaelehileng (a sa nepahaleng) a acid a ka etsoa ka potlako ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng. Ka mohlala, ho na le hydrochloric acid e nang le matla a matla a 1.19, ke hore, a na le 37% HC1. Nka hore u lokela ho lokisa lilithara tse 100 tsa 10% ea acid. Ho etsa sena, tekanyo e loketseng e lokela ho etsoa: likarolo tse ling tse 100 ka boima ba HC1 e teng e na le likarolo tse 37 tsa hydrogen chloride. Kaha re lokela ho lokisa tharollo ea 10%, e lokela ho ba le likarolo tse leshome ka boima ba likarolo tse lekholo tsa tharollo.

Ka hona, tabeng ena, X ke bongata bo tla bontša hore na likarolo tse ngata tsa boima ba karolo ea 37 lekholong li lokela ho nkoa joang ho li hloekisa ka metsi ho likarolo tse 100 ka boima ba ho fumana tharollo ea 10%

100-37

X-10

X = 100 * 10/37 = likarolo tse 27 ka boima ba 'mele.

Hydrogen chloride ke ntho e nang le chefo e nang le chefo e ka bakang ho chesa haholo, hammoho le ho tahoa ha setho sa 'mele. E le thibelo ea chefo ea HC1, magnesia a chesang a sebelisoa. Ho fokotsa acid e ka boela ea sebelisoa le metsi a soapy, sprayed phoofolo ea mashala, lebese, mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea li-enveloping agent.

Ha ho noa joala ka sesebelisoa ho ke ke ha thoe ke emetics, hammoho le lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ka carbonic acid. Ha motho a chefo, mpa e hlatsuoa ka metsi a mangata a sebelisa sesebelisoa. Litholoana tse ntle li fumanoa ka ho eketsa metsi ho se hloeke ha magnesium oxide. Ka pel'a ho chesa ka ntle ho lik'hemik'hale, lingaka li khothalletsa sebaka sa leqeba nako e telele ho itlhatsoa ka metsi. Sebaka sa ho chesa le selikalikoe sa sona se hloekisoa ka ethanol e hloekileng, ka mor'a moo gruel e behoa ho tloha bicarbonate soda, mme holimo ho sena ke sekoahelo sa joala.

Hydrogen chloride e na le metsi a mangata haholo. Ka 0 ° C, metsi a le leng a qhala likhase tse makholo a mahlano tsa khase. Meriana, indasteri esita le moruong oa naha, hydrochloric acid e atisa ho sebelisoa. Tsela ea eona e emetsoe ke hydrogen le halogen-C1.

HCl e hlahisoa ke indasteri e kholo ea lik'hemik'hale ho tloha ho hydrogen khalide e kenngoa ke metsi. Hydrochloric acid e fumanoa ke karabelo ea sulfuric acid le letsoai le tloaelehileng.

Teko ea bohloeki

Ho na le litlhoko tse ling:

- hydrochloric acid ha e etsoa ha ea lokela ho ba le metsoako ea lisebelisoa tse matla, naetrojene, naetrojene le sulfuric acid, chlorine ea mahala le arsenic;

- litsela tse seng kae feela tsa letsoai la tšepe li lumelloa, litšila tsa mahala C1 li ka fumanoa ka karabelo: С12 + 2К1-2КС1 + 12;

- Ho fumana bokhopo ba sulfuric acid, tharollo ea iodine e iodide ea potassium e lokiselitsoe ka setšoantšo - tharollo ea starch, 'mala o moputsoa oa tharollo ka pel'a mahlaseli a sulfuric e hlahisitsoe ka hare ho metsotsoana e 30

- karolo e kholo ea masapo ha e tsoa mouoaneng oa 10 dikgerama ea acid e se ke ea fetela ho 0,01% lekholong (ho se hloeke).

Tlhahlobo ea litekanyetso e etsoa ka ho fumana tharollo ea sodium e hlaselang ka pel'a setšoantšo sa methyl orange. Lintho tsa HC1 ka acid e lumelloa ho ba 24.8-25.2%.

Hydrochloric acid e boetse ke karolo ea metsi a likokoana-hloko. Ka mohlala, ka lero la gastric, ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho fihlela ho 0.5%, ho thusa ho senyeha ha liprotheine. Ho silafatsoa HC1 (8,2%) ha ho etsoa ka hare ho etsa hore ho fetoleloa ha pepsinogen (proenzyme) ho pepsin, ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa sephiri oa liphakaretsi, ho thusa ho tsamaisoa ha mpa ka har'a mala. O na le phello ea antibacteria kamanong le limela tse nyenyane le tse nyenyane tsa spore. Asiti ena e tsamaisoa ka hare ho acidity e fokotsehileng, bakeng sa ho kenngoa ha tšepe ho phekola mali.