Engelane The History of Afghanistan

Fetoheng molaong oa bokhaphithaliste ka sethaleng lona imperialist ile ha tšoauoa ka boiteko mocha oa Engelane ho theha ka boeona e ka Afghanistan. Kaha hana tshisinyo Russia ka 1873 ho nahana ka Afghanistan le "ho se nke lehlakore libaka" pakeng tsa matlotlo a Russia ho Asia Bohareng le British India le ho sebetsa e le guarantors ea boipuso ea Afghanistan, imperialism British a qala hape ho itokisetsa ntoa. Ka 1878 o ile a qala le lecha tlhaselo ea British ka Afghanistan. Occupying karolo ea bohlokoa sebaka sa eona, Engelane, ka May 1879 a etsa qeto ea ka Emir Yakub bonded selekane sa gandamak e bakileng u phasolohile ka ba khalefo ka har'a naha. Batho ba Afghanistan hang hape a ema ho ho lokolloa ntoa. Ka tummeng ntoeng ea Maiwand (27 July 1879) le se thibela likepe latelang tsa masole British ka Kandahar, ka ntoa bakeng sa Kabul le Ghazni, ea British utloa bohloko lahleheloa e boima ka 1880 ba ile ba tlameha ho tsoa ka sheshe mabotho a bona. Ka maemo ana, le bo-ralikolone British hlolehile ho ka botlalo ho fihlela ho amohela ho tloha Afghanistan la lihlooho tsohle selekane sa gandamak. Ka leano malapeng, babusi Afghan boloke boipuso, empa feela ka-ba moemeli oa British India a ne a ka nka sebaka ka Afghanistan likamano tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Ntoa behilweng ka batho ba Engelane Afghanistan na tahlehelo e khōlō tahlehelo batho le lintho tse bonahalang, fokolisa mabotho a behang ea naha, baka tšenyo e tebileng temo, mesebetsi ea matsoho, khoebo e ruuoang, e sitisoa moruong le setso ntshetsopeleng ya naha ka kakaretso.

Ka lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a ho qetela tsa lekholo la lilemo la XIX. Afghanistan ile phethahatsoa ka tsamaiso ya mehato eo ne sepheo sa ho theha metheo ya boemong gare wa tsa mofuta o absolutist. Ikemiseditse ho eketsa matla bohareng le kgatello a marabele Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) ho pharaletseng tloaela ho phalliso ea Afghans ka leboea ka setalana libakeng Bal ly, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, Haza-Reitz, aimaq batho, Turkmens, Uzbeks - ka libakeng tse karolong e ka boroa; Accommodation boetse ho bile le Nurystan tseba. Bajaki amohetse naha - mahala kapa mantsoe a molemo ka. Ka lebaka la ho falla ha tsena li nkeloa sebaka 'muso ea moo gare wa tsa tsamaiso sethusathuto e eteletsoeng pele ke emir ho beha babusisi ba liprofinse, tse neng li thehiloe ho o ile a bōpa lebotho le kamehla, mapolesa le gendarmerie. Emir ile a hlokomeloe mabapi le hlooho ea Mamosleme 'ohle a naha le morena a sa lekanyetsoang, le hoja e le hantle fokolisa tšusumetso ea phahameng sechabeng le boemo ba meloko e Afghan, o ne a sa khone ho. Ba bangata ba bona tsoela pele ho thabela melemo ea ho ka botlalo kapa mokhoa o sa fellang lokoloha lekhetho. Social tšehetso ea ba boholong ba Emir e ne e le masole le boemo tsamaiso ya puso le likhosi feudal, eo, ka ena naha e le thepa ya poraefete le ho se be le ea masole a seng molaong ea sesole, ho hlokahala e matla gare wa matla a ho laela le lebotho la kamehla. Ba sebelisoa hampe ka Afghan le batho bao e seng Afghan baahi lekhetho lefa, ba bangata ba lefile, bokella haholo-holo ka tsela e mosa, makhetho le ditefello.