E tiileng e qamathelang. The coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang matla. Se boleloang ke 'meleng oa coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang

e tiileng e qamathelang index ea - ka paramethara senotlolo sa mokelikeli ho sebetsa kapa khase. Ka mantsoe a 'meleng, e tiileng e qamathelang e ka' na ea hlalosoa e le khohlano hare bakiloeng ke tshisinyo ya likaroloana ka molao le boima ba mokelikeli ka (gaseous) mahareng, kapa, ho feta feela, mokhatlo oa ho hanyetsa.

ke e tiileng e qamathelang seo

A e bonolo boiphihlelo bonahetseng e tiileng e qamathelang boikemisetso ba: ho boreleli sloped holim'a ka nako tšela ka e lekanang palo ya metsi le oli. Metsi phallang ka lebelo oli. Ke mokelikeli ho feta. Hatela kapele aa tsoa oli thibela le khohlano e phahameng pakeng tsa limolek'hule lona (ka hare ho hanyetsa - e tiileng e qamathelang). Kahoo, mokelikeli e tiileng e qamathelang inversely tekanyo e lekanang ya ho fluidity lona.

e tiileng e qamathelang index ea: ho moralo

Ka tsela e bonolo foromo ya tshebetso ya ho mokelikeli viscous ka lipeipi e ka nkoa e le a bataletseng e tšoanang le dikarolo A le B le tšoanang holim sebakeng S, le sebaka se pakeng tsa eo ke boholo ba H.

le dikarolo tsena tse peli (A le B) susumelletsa le velocities fapaneng (V le V + ΔV). lera A le lebelo ka ho fetisisa (V + ΔV), ho akarelletsa ho motsamao oa lera B, ho fallela ka lebelo butle (V). Ka nako e tšoanang sa B lera atisa ho fokotsa lebelo tekanyo ea lera A. The moelelo 'meleng ea e tiileng e qamathelang coefficient ke hore khohlano ea limolek'hule molao, phallo ho hanyetsa ho tseo tse bopa lebotho leo Isaak Nyuton hlalositsoeng ke moralo tse latelang:

F = μ × S × (ΔV / h)

mona:

• ΔV - phapang pakeng tsa lebelo la motsamao oa le dikarolo mokelikeli phallo;
• h - sebaka se pakeng tsa le dikarolo mokelikeli le molapo;
• S - holim'a sebaka sa lera mokelikeli phallo;
• μ (Mu) - le palokatiso ho itšetlehile ka thepa ea mokelikeli ka, bitsoa feletseng matla e tiileng e qamathelang.

Ka SI diyuniti moralo ke e latelang:

μ = (F × h) / (S × ΔV) = [Pa × 's] (× Pascal bobeli)

Moo F - matla a matla a khoheli (boima) unit trust tsa bophahamo ba modumo haeteroliki mokelikeli.

boleng ba e tiileng e qamathelang

Maemong a mangata, ho coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang matla e lekanngoa ka centipoises (CP) ho latela tsamaiso ea cgs (disentimitara, grama e, ea bobeli). Ka mokhoa ona, ho e tiileng e qamathelang tsa mokelikeli boima karo-karolelano e amanang le molumo, i.e. mokelikeli segokanyipalo:

ρ = limithara / V

mona:

• ρ - segokanyipalo ea mokelikeli ka;
• m - boima ba mokelikeli;
• V - bophahamo ba modumo ea mokelikeli.

The karo-karolelano pakeng tsa e tiileng e qamathelang matla (μ) le segokanyipalo (ρ) e bitsoa kinematic e tiileng e qamathelang ν (ν - Segerike - song sa):

ν = μ / ρ = [limithara ² / s]

Tshohanyetso, mekhoa ho beha e tiileng e qamathelang coefficient tse fapaneng. Mohlala, ho e tiileng e qamathelang kinematic e ntse lekanya ho latela tsamaiso ea GHS ka centistokes (cSt) le e ngata ya submultiple - Stokes (St):

• 1st Class = 10 ^-4 limithara ² / s = 1 cm, ² / s;
• 1sSt = 10 ^-6 limithara ² / s = 1 limilimithara ² / s.

Boikemisetso ba ka e tiileng e qamathelang ea metsi

E tiileng e qamathelang coefficient ya metsi e laolwang ke lekanya mokelikeli phallo nako ka calibrated capillary tube,. sesebediswa sena se calibrated sebelisa tsebahalang tekanyetso mokelikeli e tiileng e qamathelang. Ho bona hore kinematic e tiileng e qamathelang, lekanngoa ka limilimithara ² / s, ea mokelikeli phallo nako, lekanngoa ka metsotsoana e, ea khaphatseha ke boleng kamehla.

Ka papiso unit trust e sebediswa ho e tiileng e qamathelang ya metsi distilled, eo boleng ke hoo e ka bang kamehla esita le ha liphetoho mocheso. E tiileng e qamathelang - e karo-karolelano ea nako ka metsotsoana e se hlokahalang tsepamisitsoeng bophahamo ba modumo metsi a distilled ho feta ha e le lesoba calibrated, tsa boleng tšoanang bakeng sa teko mokelikeli.

viscometers

E tiileng e qamathelang e lekanya ka likhato Engler (° E) Saybolt Bokahohle metsotsoana ( "Efese) kapa likhato Redwood (° RJ) ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa rheometer. Mefuta e meraro ea viscometers fapana feela ka tjhelete e ya phallang mahareng mokelikeli.

Viscometer lekanya e tiileng e qamathelang ka European unit trust Engler likhato (° E), balwa ka ho ya ka 200 cm, ³ of phallang mahareng mokelikeli. Viscometer lekanya e tiileng e qamathelang ka Saybolt Bokahohle metsotsoana ( "Efese kapa" SSU), o ile a sebelisa United States, e nang le 60 cm, ³ of teko mokelikeli. Engelane, moo sebediswa likhato Redwood (° RJ), o khanna viscometer lekanya e tiileng e qamathelang la 50 cm, ³ ea mokelikeli. Ka mohlala, haeba 200 cm, ³ ho tloha ka oli e phallang ka ka makhetlo a leshome butle ho feta ka tsela e lekanang tsa metsi, a ho e tiileng e qamathelang e 10 ° Engler E.

Ho tloha mocheso ke Ntho e ka sehloohong ka ho fetola e tiileng e qamathelang karo-karolelano, litekanyo e atisa ho etsoa qalong ka mocheso kamehla 20 ° C 'me joale ho makgabane lona e phahameng. The lebaka leo, kahoo, e bontša ka ho eketsa e mocheso ho loketse, mohlala 10 ° E / 50 ° C kapa 2,8 ° E / 90 ° C. mokelikeli e tiileng e qamathelang ka 20 ° C phahameng ho feta e tiileng e qamathelang lona ka thempereichara e phahameng. Haeteroliki oli na le e tiileng e qamathelang ka latelang thempereichara e fapaneng:

190 cSt ka 20 ° C = 45,4 cSt ka 50 ° C = 11,3 cSt ka 100 ° C.

makgabane phetolelo

Boikemisetso ba e tiileng e qamathelang le hlaha ka tsamaiso ea fapaneng (American, British, GHS) 'me ka hona ba atisa ho e hlokehang ho fetolela data ho tswa tsamaiso e khopo e' ngoe ea ho lekanya ho e 'ngoe. Ho sokolla makgabane la e tiileng e qamathelang ea mokelikeli ka bontšoa ka likhato Engler ka centistokes (limilimithara ² / s) ho sebelisa moralo o latelang bonahetseng:

ν (cst) = 7,6 × ° E × (1-1 / ° E3)

Mohlala:

• 2 ° E = 7,6 × 2 × (1-1 / 23) = 15,2 × (0.875) = 13,3 cSt;
• 9 ° E = 7,6 × 9 × (1-1 / 93) = 68,4 × (0,9986) = 68,3 cSt.

E le hore a ka potlako beha tekanyetso e tiileng e qamathelang ya moralo wa haeteroliki ka nolofalitse oli ka tsela e latelang:

ν (cst) = 7,6 × ° E (limilimithara ² / s)

Le ν kinematic e tiileng e qamathelang ka limilimithara ² / s kapa cSt, e ka fetoloa e matla e tiileng e qamathelang coefficient μ, sebelisa kamano tse latelang:

μ = ν × ρ

Mohlala. Akaretsa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng phetolelo Engler likhato (° E) centistokes (cSt) le centipoises (cps), nahana hore oli haeteroliki le segokanyipalo sa ρ = 910 lik'hilograma / noun m ³ na le e tiileng e qamathelang kinematic ea 12 ° E, ka diyuniti tsa centistokes:

ν = 7,6 × 12 × (1-1 / 123) = 91,2 × (0,99) = 90,3 limilimithara ² / s.

Kaha 1sSt = 10 ^-6 limithara ² / s le 1br = N × 10 ^-3 's / limithara ^2, ka nako eo e tiileng e qamathelang matla e tla lekana le:

μ = ν × ρ = 90,3 × 10 ^-6 · 910 = 0.082 × N S / limithara ² = 82 cPs.

E tiileng e qamathelang coefficient tsa khase eo

E behilweng ke ea ho hlophisoa (lik'hemik'hale, ho phetha molao feela) khase ho mocheso le ho hatelloa ke sebediswa dipalelo le khase-matla tse amanang le mokhatlo oa khase. Ka mokhoa ona, ho e tiileng e qamathelang tsa khase e elwa hloko ka moralo ntshetsopeleng ya masimo a khase, moo manolotsoeng e khanna liphetoho coefficient ho itšetlehile ka liphetoho tse khase sebopeho (bohlokoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa mobung khase condensate), mocheso le tlas'a khatello e itseng.

Re a bale coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang tsa moea. dithulaganyo ho tla ba tšoanang le a hlalositsoeng ka holimo e phallang metsi a mabeli. Inkele e tšoanang le ho fallela pedi khase melapo U1 le U2, empa ka lebelo le fapaneng. Pakeng tsa le dikarolo ea cavity tla etsahala (interpenetration) limolek'hule. Ka lebaka leo, botsitso kapele fallisetseng moea phallo tla fokotseha le qalong ho fallela butle - potlakisa.

The coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang tsa moea, ho ea ka molao oa Newton, o bontša hore ke ea ka moralo o latelang:

F = -h × (Du / dZ) × S

mona:

• Du / dZ ke lebelo ka kretiente;
• S - sebakeng la lebotho la tshusumetso;
• Ntlha e h - e matla e tiileng e qamathelang.

e tiileng e qamathelang-index

E tiileng e qamathelang Index (VI) - e paramethara correlating li fetohele ka e tiileng e qamathelang le mocheso. The Correlation ke dipalopalo ho itšetleha kamano eo, tabeng ena melemo e 'meli eo li fetohele mocheso e tsamaea le phetoho e hlophisitsoeng ea e tiileng e qamathelang. A phahameng e tiileng e qamathelang li-index, ho ka tlaase ho moo li fetohele pakeng tsa melao ea boitšoaro e 'meli, i.e. le e tiileng e qamathelang ea mokelikeli ka sebetsa ke tsitsitseng haholoanyane le mocheso.

The e tiileng e qamathelang ya oli ea

Ha metheo ea morao-rao ea oli e tiileng e qamathelang index of diyuniti ka tlase ho 95-100. Kahoo, ka mechine haeteroliki le thepa e ka sebediswa ka ho lekaneng maro a tsitsitseng hore thibela phetoho lohle ka e tiileng e qamathelang tlas'a maemo a ea thempereichara e mahlonoko.

"E tšoanelang" coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang ka a lula ke kenyelletsa additives oli e khethehileng (polymers) fumanoa ka ho distillation tsa oli e tala. Ba eketsa e tiileng e qamathelang index ea oli ke fokotsa liphetoho ka litšobotsi tsa fapaneng lumeletsoe. Ka mokhoa ona selelekela tsa palo hlokahala ho sebelisoe ka tlaase e tiileng e qamathelang index ea oli botlaaseng ka tsosetsoa diyuniti 100-105. Leha ho le joalo, ka tsela eo a fumana motsoako ne sitisa thepa oa sona tlas'a khatello e phahameng ea le mocheso mojaro, ka tsela eo, fokotsa ho atleha ha tseloe ea.

Ka matla a lipotoloho tlameha ho sebelisoa metsi a mangata a matla haeteroliki le e tiileng e qamathelang index of diyuniti 100. Maro a nang le additives hore eketsa e tiileng e qamathelang li-index, li sebelisoa ka lipotoloho taolo haeteroliki le litsamaiso tse ling sebetsa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya / khatello e tlaase mahareng, ka e fokolang liphetoho mocheso mefuta e fapaneng le menyenyetsi e nyenyane 'me batchwise. E le eketseha khatello le eketseha e tiileng e qamathelang, empa tshebetso le hlaha ka lebaka la likhatello holimo 30,0 MPa (300 bareng). Ka mokhoa ona, le palokatiso ena e atisa ho hlokomolohuoa.

Go lekanya le indexation

Ho latela melao-motheo ea machaba ISO, le e tiileng e qamathelang ya metsi (le sephalli e meng) e bontšitsoeng ka centistokes: cSt (limilimithara ² / s). Litekanyo tsa e tiileng e qamathelang thulaganyou e oli lokela ho phethwa ka thempereichara e pakeng tsa 0 ° C, 40 ° C le 100 ° C. Leha ho le joalo, ka khoutu letšoao oli e tiileng e qamathelang lokela ho bontšitsoe ho sebediswa makgetlo a 40 ° C. -Hang e tiileng e qamathelang e fanoang 50 ° C. Marks, hangata ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa ka hydraulics le boenjiniere, mefuta e fapaneng ho tloha ISO VG 22 ho ISO VG 68.

Haeteroliki oli VG 22, VG 32, VG 46, VG 68, VG 100 ka mocheso oa 40 ° C na viscosities tsamaisanang le bo bitsa bona: 22, 32, 46, 68 le 100 cSt. The Optimum kinematic e tiileng e qamathelang tsa mokelikeli ho sebetsa ka tsamaiso ea haeteroliki larileng ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 16 ho 36 cSt.

American Mokhatlo oa Automotive Baenjiniere (Society ea Automotive Baenjiniere - SAE) e thehilweng mekoloko ea viscosities ka thempereichara e itseng le dikhoutu loketseng ho tse ka abeloa ho tsona. palo tse latelang le lengolo W, - e feletseng matla e tiileng e qamathelang coefficient μ ka 0 ° F (-17.7 ° C), le ν le e tiileng e qamathelang kinematic ikemiselitse ka 212 ° F (100 ° C). Sena indexing ntlheng multigrade oli sebediswa ho indasteri e likoloi (phetiso, enjene, le joalo-joalo. D.).

Phello ea e tiileng e qamathelang ka mosebetsi haeteroliki

Boikemisetso ba ka e tiileng e qamathelang ea mokelikeli ka hase feela saense le thuto-na le thahasello, empa hape le moelelo bohlokoa bo sebetsang bohlokoa. maro le haeteroliki se feela fetisetsa matla a pompo le ho dilenaneo haeteroliki, empa hape ho loetsa litsepe likarolong tsohle le dikarolo e hulwa mocheso generated lipara khohlano. Ha e le lumellane le mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa mokelikeli e tiileng e qamathelang ka ho teba senya ho atleha ha hydraulics ena.

The e tiileng e qamathelang phahameng tsa sebetsa mokelikeli (oli phahameng haholo segokanyipalo) isang latelang litla mpe:

• Eketseha phallo ho hanyetsa ea mokelikeli ka haeteroliki bakang khatello ea lerotholi ka tsela e feteletseng tsamaisong ea haeteroliki.
• Deceleration laola lebelo le phetha molao ho phetha molao feela oa actuators ena.
• Ntshetsopeleng ya pompo cavitation.
• Lefela kapa tlaase haholo moeeng ho lokolloa le tanka haeteroliki oli.
• A sa tahlehelo bonahaleng oa matla a (fokotsa bokgoni) ya hydraulics ka lebaka la theko e phahameng ea matla ea ho hlōla khohlano ka hare ea mokelikeli ka.
• Eketseha torque ea mover ka sehloohong oa mochine e bakiloeng ke ho eketseha mojaro ka pompo ea.
• Ho hlaha mocheso tsa mokelikeli haeteroliki generated ka e ile ea eketseha khohlano.

Kahoo, se boleloang ke 'meleng oa coefficient ea e tiileng e qamathelang ka tshusumetso lona (positive, kapa mpe) ka dikarolo le mekgwa bakeng sa likoloi, mechine le thepa.

Tahlehelo ya matla haeteroliki

The e tlase e tiileng e qamathelang tsa mokelikeli ho sebetsa (tlaase segokanyipalo oli) e etsa hore tse latelang litla mpe:

• Falling bokgoni volumetric tsa lipompo le ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha ho dutla ka hare.
• Keketseho ea dutla ka hare ea likarolo haeteroliki ka tsamaiso eohle haeteroliki - lipompo, di-valve, phunyang, Motors haeteroliki.
• Eketseha qhoaele tsa pompa diyuniti le lipompo jamming ka lebaka la ho haella haeteroliki mokelikeli e tiileng e qamathelang hlokahalang bakeng sa setlolo sa likarolo hohla.

compressibility

mokelikeli leha e le tlas'a khatello e a petetswa. Mabapi le oli, coolants le lubricants sebelisoa ka hydraulics boenjiniere le ho phetha molao feela, empirically e fumane hore compression thulaganyou e ke inversely tekanyo e lekanang ya ho le boima mokelikeli ka molumo. Ka tjhelete e ya setho compression ho oli matsoai ke haholo ka tlaase ho metsi le ka tlaase haholo ho maro a ea a maiketsetso a.

Ka e bonolo tlaase khatello ea haeteroliki mokelikeli compressibility hlokomolohuoang phello fokotsa bophahamo ba modumo ka lekhetlo la pele. Empa mechine e matla le phahameng khatello ea diselennere haeteroliki drive le e kholo, tshebetso ena bontša ka boeona e bonahala. Ka haeteroliki oli matsoai ka khatello ea 10,0 MPa (100 bareng), molumo decreases ke 0.7%. Tabeng ena, ho fetoha ha molumo compression ka tekanyo e nyane susumetsa e tiileng e qamathelang kinematic le mofuta oa oli.

bofello

Boikemisetso ba e tiileng e qamathelang dumella ho noha tshebetso ya thepa le mechine tlas'a maemo a fapa-fapaneng, ho ka liphetoho tlaleho e ho mokelikeli kapa khase sebopeho, khatello, mocheso. Hape, taolo ya litsupa amana oli le khase indasteri, bosebeletsi ba le liindasteri tse ling.