Dimela e phahameng: spore le peo

dimela e phahameng - tsena ke mefuta e entse landfall 'me ba ikamahanya le maemo ho tikoloho ea bona e ncha. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 300,000. dimela e phahameng di khetholloa ka makala vegetative, tse kang motso le thunya, 'me na e tšoanang photosynthetic ka mebala: chlorophylls le carotenoids.

dimela e phahameng ka nako e ngata ba le tsamaisong e rarahaneng ho tsamaisa lintho ka ho laola le mouoane ea metsi ka tsela makhasi. dimela lisele tse e phahameng theha dinama tse nyenyane tse. Sporophyte rena ka potoloho ea bophelo (ntle bryophytes).

Postpenno gametophyte e fokotsehile ho lisele tse 'maloa. Mele ea ho kopanela liphate le ho ikatisa diplobiont tsa lintho tse phelang multicellular. Peō ka mefuta e complication khaotsa ho itšetleha ka metsi a. Zygote fana phahama ho embryo multicellular.

E phahameng tsa lefatše dimela etsa bongata ba biomass ea Lefatše - ka 90%.

Systematics ea limela e phahameng

Ka dimela e phahameng li phahametse le phahame dimela spore peo.

Phahame spore: rinieobraznye (feela magala) psilotoobraznye (a sireletsa ka bang 20 mefuta e), bryophytes (23-27 likete mefuta e), plaunoobraznye (ka 1300 mefuta), hvoscheobraznye (ka bang 30 mefuta e), ferns (ka 12.000 mefuta e).

dimela e phahameng eo bakang hlobo wa botaniki kopantswe lebitso tloaelehile hore batho ba - spore phahameng. Tsena li akarelletsa bobeli jwale o teng le timele mefuta. phahame spore 'mele e arotsoe ka holimo-fatše le likarolo sekhukhu, litho tsa vegetative tse tsoetseng pele. Potoloho ea bophelo e na le ea alternation ea meloko e: ho sporophyte le gametophyte. Sporophyte e hantle ntshetswa pele, o ile a phela nako e telele (ka ntle bryophytes). E develops multicellular sporangia, mora meiosis ea eona e thehoa sa sisinyehe haploid hlobo. Ba se nang balekane-e nang le sele, boholo e nyenyane, jala haholo ke moea le mela ka gametophyte ena.

Peō e phahameng spore le hlaha feela ka ho ba teng ha metsi. Ho ea ka tokisetso ea makala tsa ho ikatisa khetholla dimela le dikamano (e leng na le lisele tse e motšehali bobeli e motona le e) le bosodoma (kapa na le lisele tse e motona kapa e motšehali).

Liqabang ka 'na ba e fapaneng le boholo tšoanang. spore dimela e phahameng hore na le phehisanong e tšoanang, e bitsoang ravnosporovyh le ba nang le mabaka a fapaneng - heterosporous. Ho itšetlehile ka ka boholo khetholla microspores (tse nyenyane ka boholo) le megaspory (kgolo).

Ho lumeloa hore ho dimela peo hlahile ka kotloloho ho tswa Spore, haholo-holo ferns.

peo dimela e phahameng: pinofity (gymnosperms) - ka 800 mefuta e magnoliofity (angiosperms) - mefuta e 300 tse sekete.

Phahame dimela peo fihla tlhōrō ea eona e leng mehla Mesozoic, ha boemo ba leholimo e ile ea feta omeletseng le a batang, ho na le e ne e le phetoho ea linako tsa selemo. Hona joale, le mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo oa angiosperms.

dimela peo na menyetla 'maloa tse fetang spore phahameng. Ba akarelletsa ho makala e tšoanang: metso, ba phonyoha, peo. Kutu e haholo matla le ho feta ho feta ea spore, joalokaha hōlisa lisele tse lehong. Haeba ena ke karolo e khōlō ea lisele tsa lifate - shoele.

dimela peo ke feela heterosporous. Gametophyte ho sporophyte develops le fepa ka litšenyehelo tsa hae.

Phatlalatsang nka sebaka ke mokhoa oa ho dipeo tse thehoa embryos multicellular, tse akarelletsang phepelo ke limatlafatsi. Peō peo e phahameng tlang pele ho nyalisa limela - ho fetiswa ha khoahlapisitseng peō ka qaleho peō ea leheng. Nyalisa limela e etsoa ke moea, metsi, liphoofolo le likokoanyana. Peō khaotsa ho itšetleha feela ka metsing e le ho spore phahameng. Ke ka lebaka la ho vegetative lisele tsa peō eo germinates ka peō tube,.