Dielectric - ke eng? thepa dielectric

Dielectric - ka lintho tse bonahalang kapa ntho eo haholo ha e feta motlakase hona joale. conductivity joalo e fumana ka lebaka la palo e fokolang ea dieleketerone le ions. likaroloana tsena li thehoa ka lintho tse bonahalang bao e seng ba khannang feela ha thepa phahameng mocheso. 'nete ea hore e joalo e kobo e le e tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

tlhaloso

E mong le e elektroniki kapa Radiotechnical mokhanni, semiconductor kapa kobo e qosoa e ntse e feta ka e morao-rao ea motlakase, empa dielectric tšobotsi eo e esita le ka gagamalo phahameng fetang 550 V tla Leak e nyenyane ea morao-rao. Motlakase hona joale ka kobo e sa - e ke tshisinyo ya likaroloana ka qosoa ka tsela e itseng (e ka ba ntle kapa ea e mpe).

mefuta ya maqhubu

Ka pelo ea dielectric conductivity ke tsena:

• Absorption jwale - jwale tse phallang ka dielectric le ka morao-rao kamehla ho fihlela ka nako eo, ho fihlela e fihla ya boemo equilibrium, ho fetola tataiso le ha phepelo gagamalo ho eona le ha disconnecting. Ha fapanyetsana matla hona joale ka dielectric e tla ba teng ho eona ka linako tsohle, e ntse e le tšimong ea motlakase.
• Electronic conductivity - ho fallela dieleketerone tlas'a tšusumetso ea tšimong.
• Ionic conductivity - emela motsamao oa ions. E sebakeng ditharollo electrolyte - matsoai, acid, lokho, hammoho le ka dielectrics tse ngata.
• Molionnaya conductivity - motsamao oa likaroloana qosoa bitsoa molionami. Sebakeng tsamaiso ea colloidal, emulsions le suspensions. Molionov ketsahalo ya tshisinyo tšimong motlakase o bitsoa electrophoresis.

thepa li sireletsang serameng ba classified ke puso ea aggregation le mofuta lik'hemik'hale. Pele arotsoe ka tse tiileng, mokelikeli, gaseous le thatafatsa. Ho ea ka lintho tsa tlhaho tsa lik'hemik'hale li arotsoe ka manyolo, inorganics le thepa organometallic.

Conductivity dielectrics re ba aggregation:

• Conductivity likhase. Ka dintho le gaseous lekaneng nyane jwale conduction. Ho ka etsahala ka ho ba teng ha mahala likaroloana qosoa, eo e hlaha ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea ionic le elektroniki lintlha Link le ka hare: X-ray mahlaseli le mefuta e ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi, thulana ea limolek'hule le likaroloana qosoa, lintlha mogote.
• Motlakase conductivity ea mokelikeli dielectric. Dependencies: sebōpeho sa molek'hule ea, mocheso, ho se hloeke, ho ba teng ha liqoso kgolo ya dieleketerone le ions. Conductivity tsa dielectrics mokelikeli itšetlehile ka ho ba teng ha mongobo le litšila. Conduction ya motlakase e bōpileng lintho tse ngata Polar le mokelikeli ka ho ions dissociated. Ka ho bapisa maro Polar le batho bao e seng Polar, e Molemo ikemetseng ka conductivity pele nang le sona. Ha mokelikeli e hlakile ho tloha litšila, e tla kenya letsoho hore ho sa phokotso ea thepa lona e tsoelang pele. Le kgolo ya conductivity ea ntho mokelikeli le mocheso le lona fokotseha e tiileng e qamathelang lona le hlaha, e leng isang ea eketseha Ion tsamaiso.
• Tiileng dielectrics. electroconductivity bona e bakileng e le motsamao oa qosoa likaroloana dielectric le litšila. Masimong matla motlakase lemoha conductivity jwale.

The thepa meleng dielectrics

Ha resistivity ya lintho tse bonahalang tse lekanang le ka tlase ho 10-5 Ohm * limithara ka ngotsoe ke conductors ena. Ha tse fetang 108 Ohm * m - ho dielectrics ena. Ho na le Maemong a moo resistivity ke makhetlo a 'maloa moholo ho feta ho hanyetsa ea mokhanni e. Ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 10-5-108 Ohm * limithara ke semiconductor. Metallic lintho tse bonahalang - e mokhanni e babatsehang ea morao-rao ea motlakase.

Tsa nako le nako tafole eohle ea boemo ba leholimo, 25 feela ba bao e seng tšepe, le 12 ba bona ba tla ka etsahala hore ebe ba le thepa semiconductor. Empa, ho hlakile, ka ntle bakeng sa tafole ea dintho, ho sa na lits'epe tse kopantsoeng a mangata, o hlophisitsoeng kapa metsoako lik'hemik'hale le mokhanni thepa, semiconductor kapa dielectric. Ka lebaka leo, ho thata ho phetha itseng dintho e fapaneng tlangwa tsa resistances bona. Ka mohlala, ho e ka fokotswa mocheso le palokatiso semiconductor tla itšoara joaloka dielectric.

kopo

Tšebeliso ea thepa bao e seng ba khannang e pharalla haholo, ho ke ke e mong oa litlelase ratoang sebediswa ea likarolo tsa motlakase. E fetohile hlakile haholo hore li ka sebelisoa ke thepa ea motho ea mafolofolo le etseng letho foromo.

Ka etseng letho foromo dielectric thepa sebelisoa bakeng sa dikopo ho pellet li sireletsang serameng lintho tse bonahalang.

Ka mofuta o sebetsang, ba ile ba ba sebelisoa ka ferroelectric le ka thepa e theknoloji ea ho emitters tham mong bang laser.

dielectrics ka sehloohong

Bakeng hangata etsahalang mefuta kenyeletsa:

• Khalase.
• Rabara.
• Oli.
• Sekontiri.
• Porcelain.
• Quartz.
• Moea.
• Diamond.
• metsi a hloekileng.
• Polasetiki.

Ke ntho efe e mokelikeli dielectric?

The karohanyo ea mofuta ona e hlaha ka naheng ea morao-rao ea motlakase. Mokelikeli tse bonahalang bao e seng conductive sebelisoa ka bonono ka ho lahla kapa impregnating thepa. Ho na le 3 litlelase tsa dielectrics mokelikeli:

Petroleum oli - tse tlaase-e tiileng e qamathelang le haholo-holo bao e seng Polar. Ba atisa ho sebediswa ka thepa e phahameng-gagamalo: oli transformer, metsi phahameng. Transformer oli - e dielectric bao e seng Polar. Cable oli e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka impregnation ea li sireletsang serameng lithapo pampiri-gagamalo ho bona ho fihlela ho 40 kV, le barbotage tšepe e thehiloeng ka morao-rao ba fetang 120 kV. Transformer oli e le bapisoa le capacitor o na le mohaho o letlooa. mofuta ona wa kobo e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka tlhahiso, ho sa tsotellehe theko e phahameng ho bapisoa le dintho analoge le thepa.

Ke seo kobo e maiketsetso? Hona joale hoo e ka bang hohle moo o ile a latola ka lebaka la toxicity phahameng tse entsoeng ka lebaka la ditlelorine k'habone. A mokelikeli dielectric, e thehiloeng ka silicon e manyolo, e sireletsehileng le botsoalle tikoloho. mofuta ona ha a bake tšepe ts'enyeho le na le thepa ea hygroscopicity tlaase. Ho na le thinned kobo e se se akaretsang organofluorine komponeng eo ke haholo-holo e ratoa ka lebaka la incombustibility bona, thepa mogote le botsitso oxidative.

Ho qetela talimela, ho meroho oli. Ba length of Polar dielectrics, li akarelletsa linseed, Castor, Tung sesame,. Castor oli e chesa haholo 'me le sebelisitsoe ka capacitors pampiri. Tse setseng oli - ho hloka botsitso. E le mouoane ho eona e etsa hore se tsa tlhaho e le mouoane, k'hemik'hale e itšoara joang bitsoa molekyler. Ka mafolofolo o ile a sebelisa ka enamels le pente.

bofello

Sehlooho sena se e ile a hlahloba ka ho qaqileng, seo kobo e. mefuta e fapaneng 'me thepa ea bona ba' nile ba ho builoeng. Ke 'nete hore ho utloisisa bofitlha ea litšobotsi tse bona, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho tseba ka ho eketsehileng ea lekala ea fisiks ka tsona.