Derbent leboteng ka Derbent: tlhaloso ka lifoto

Har'a limusiamong la motse oa Derbent Russia e emela tšeptjoang linaheng tsa bochabela tatso, ke matla a ka hare le histori selotlolo Lilemo Tse Sekete. Ponahalo ea "liperela" ea Dagestan e tšoauoa ka kholo hakaalo dibopeho itšireletsa, bao e leng sethaleng hore ha a ne a le matla qhobosheane, lockable temana hammoho le la Caspian lebōpong le. km ngata Derbent habeli leboteng e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane qhobosheane Naryn-Kala, thibetsoeng tsela e atisa ho morui, boroa "barbarians" oa leboea.

Ho tswa ho bophahamo ba le lithabeng

Ho tswa ho bophahamo ba orilla ho Dzhalganskogo Derbent bonahala moqotetsane tšoeu sehlopha otlolla pakeng tsa leoatle e putsoa le leboteng tala tsa Crest tsa lithaba. Qalang ho tloha leoatleng e bophara haholo hlobolisa mehaho le lirapa, motse, butle-butle ho hloa ho fihlela thabeng, e a petetswa ka ka moralo o hlakileng oa mabota e tšoanang le abuts moepa moepa ya e mong oa li susumelletsa ba lithaba Dzhalganskogo.

Mona, ka selomong e haufi le molomo oa ka soahlamana ka ho thaba ea likhohlong tebileng, lelele mabota bohlooho ba citadel, e leng laola marulelong a bataletse 'me khokahano ea tsamaeang leoatleng etsang kou teng ka tlase ho motse oa boholo-holo. Haholo-holo ho bonahala majestically ka holim'a lerako ka Derbent Derbent lifoto tseo ama isa tekanyong ea ho haha Litsebi tsa mehleng ea khale.

World lefa

Matlafatsa mona lilemo tse makholo a leshome le metso e mehlano tse fetileng, Sasanian Iran, lateloa ke le Arab Caliphate se feela mamella onslaught tsa mokhatlo o matla oa steppe nomads, empa hape jala matla a tsona le tšusumetso e ka kakaretso e ka bochabela Caucasus. Ho makatsang ke hore Derbent leboteng - habeli leboteng Sassanid mehla - pholoha tse ngata tsa lintoa, mokhoa o sa fellang bolokoa.

ho etsa lipatlisiso ba lintho tse epolotsoeng bo bontša hore ka joalo e bohlokoa mosolotogamaano sebaka kamehla ho fedisa teng lilemo tse 6000 tse fetileng. Ha e le hantle ena e dumella Derbent e nkoa e le motse moholo Russia le e mong oa khale ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. Selemo 2003 e ne e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa motse oo: UNESCO litsebi li hlokomela hore citadel sa World Heritage Site le e mong oa liemahale molemo ka ho fetisisa a sireletsa ba fortification mehaho ea Bapersia ba boholo-holo.

sebaka

Ea boholo-holo Derbent tsohle behoa pakeng tsa mabota a mabeli telele extending ka e tšoanang le ho ba haufi le leng e 'ngoe, ka mose temana eo pakeng tsa leoatle le lithaba. E mong oa nako e telele mabota ikemela ea Derbent, karolong e ka leboea, ba ileng ba pholoha hoo e ka bang bolelele ba eona kaofela, 'me ho ntse e bopa le moeli o ka leboea oa motse.

South Derbent leboteng, e tšoanang le ho oa pele, e bolokiloe feela hammoho le karolong e ka holimo kapa le ka bophirimela ba motse 'me ba libakeng tse nyane libakeng tse ling. timetso e qalileng teng ka mor'a tlhōlo ea Russia, ha karolo e ka tlaase ea toropo e hōlang ea mofuta European, ha lula ka meeli ea boholo-holo, o ile a qala ho atolosa ka boroa. E molemo ka ho fetisisa a sireletsa citadel, e sa a haha mehaho e morao-rao.

karolo mose

batsamai ba boholo-holo haholo-holo a otla likarolo tse ling tsa marako, siea Caspian Leoatle le nyamela ka tlas'a leoatle. Rahistori Lev Gumilyov e mong oa ba pele ba khannela thuto ea ketsahalo ena 'me a fumana hore lebaka la hore liphetoho tse khōlō bophahamo ba leoatle. Ba boholo-holo, Derbent Derbent leboteng ka sireletsa ho tswa ho koung naha, joale tletse metsi.

Kajeno, ho marako, le libui tse ka leoatleng, ba siea feela Lejoe orilla, amahanngoa ka leoatle le. Hantle beha ho na le masakana betliloeng ke ka ho hlaka bonahalang ka tlas'a metsi le ka holim 'a leoatle u khobile matšoafo.

tlhaloso

Lebitso la itšireletsa rarahaneng tsa Naryn-Kala (Derbent citadel le leboteng) le bolela "e moqotetsane hekeng". Ha e le hantle, mona Caucasus Mountains haufi-ufi ho fetisisa atamela Caspian Sea, eaba ba etsa e moqotetsane "molaleng", ho fallela ka hore ho le bonolo ho laola. Bolelele ba kaho ea ka 1.300 limithara tse motseng oo. Karolo e se lithaba sa lerako, tse kang e Moholo otlolla tebileng ka Caucasus tse 42 km SE.

The bokima ha marako pholoha tsa Derbent tluoa tabeng ea ho 4 limithara, 'me libakeng tse ling li fihla ba bolelele ba 18-20 m. Likarolong tse ling tsa marako a lula scalloped lehora. Ho pholletsa le bolelele ba eona leboteng arohantsoe ke ho feta kapa ka tlaase ho hangata teng tora dipeakanyo likhutlo li 'nè kapa sebopeho seka-chitja, le ka linako tse ling, joaloka citadel la nako, le majoe tiileng. Libaka tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho itšireletsa mabapi dipeakanyo tora atolosa tsa boleng ba liqhobosheane le. Ka hare ho marako a ne fiela litepisi, e tsosa Garrison ho nyahamisa lira.

North hekeng

Ka ho fetisisa le khabisitsoeng le e le karolo ea meaho Derbent ba liheke. Ho ea ka bangoli ba Arab ka Derbent ea boholo-holo karolong e ka leboea, e Khazars, bao boholo kotsing ea ho fela ka kutloisiso ea sesole, leboteng ne liheke tse tharo feela. Ba li ile tsa pholoha ho fihlela letsatsing le teng. E mong oa bona - e tseleng ea heke, haufi citadel ena. tseleng etella pele ha li kena ka khohlo tebileng, enfelopo tsa qhobosheane e tsoang ka leboea-bophirimela. Ba ba bitsoa Dzharchi-likatiba - lenģosa hekeng.

e thahasellisang haholo bakeng sa le khabisitsoeng le moralo Kyrhlyarskie hekeng lona - Kyrhlyar-likatiba, e bitsoang ka tsona haufi le mabitla sa boholo-holo, ho ea ka tšōmo kenyelletse lintho lebitla tsa Mamosleme pele linaheng tsena. Mahlakoreng ka bobeli a le hekeng-sepane ka ntle ho motse-moholo a sireletsa le liemahale tse peli tsa litau setšoantšo. Heke ea boraro, Shurinskie Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng ile a khaotsa ho nako hamorao. Ha e le hantle, leboteng o ka leboea oa Derbent e le moeli pakeng tsa metebong ha ka leboea le e ka boroa ea temo.

South hekeng

Leboteng boroa tobane linaha tsa Mamosleme, ho ea ka bangoli ba Arab, ho ne ho liheke tse ngata. Ho sa tsotellehe bolelele ba tse nyenyane ea karolo e bolokoa oa lerako, ho na le ba ileng ba pholoha liheke ba bane. E mong ka holimo haholo ba citadel e - Cala Caps - joale timetsoa ka ho feletseng, batho ba bang - Bayat-capacitor haufi moepa ho citadel e - le hoja se likiloe ke litora tsa boholo-holo ho pota, empa haholo tsosolosoa.

Ho fetisisa thahasellisang ke heke ea boraro ea ka boroa leboteng - Horta-likatiba tse pakeng tsa litora le quadrangular le entsoeng ka spans peli tse latellanang. Pele ka ntle temana e reretsoe ka tse tharo arches lancet, arohantsoe ke litšiea tse peli tse chitja le lihlooho quadrangular stalactites tlaase khabisitsoeng. Mona Derbent lehlakoreng leboteng e khabisitsoeng ka arches nyane tse fetang eo e behoa stalactites - le khabisitsoeng le arcature lokisetsa ka mela e meraro ka triangolo staggered.

Karolo ea bobeli ea e fapaneng ka ho feletseng mofuta, likhutlo li 'nè, overlapped tshekaletseng a bataletseng khoro, phomotse ka ledges profiled. Holimo Vault ena ho na le ke e phahameng selikalikoe razgruznaya khoro le lunette foufetseng. Ka holimo e kenngoa e hlaheletseng ho tloha litsoantso tse betliloeng leboteng sa tau e emeng ka maoto ho tloha ka pele ho ka bracket e khethehileng le di kentswe (hammoho le liemahale Kyrhlyarskih hekeng) ke generalized haholo le tlhohlomiso.

Ho tswa ho bone hekeng e ka boroa steppe, teng sebakeng sa toropo 'me o bitsoa Doubar-likatiba, ba ileng ba pholoha ba babeli pylons maholohali le matšoao slung arches pakeng tsa bona. Ho phaella moo, ho na le liheke tse peli ka citadel le: ka bochabela The tora e likhutlo li 'nè' me ba jere mesaletsa ea alterations tse ngata, 'me Bophirimela, se likiloe ke litora tse peli.

maeto a mang

Derbent leboteng le citadel - ha di sa boholo-holo motseng o moholo feela. Ka qhobosheane le ho na le lithako tsa mehaho e mengata ea merero e sa tšoaneng. Tsa thahasella ka ho khetheha ke tsena:

• Located mona ka tanka khōlō, tse betliloeng ka lefikeng 'me overlapped ke Dome e ka ba bane arches girth lancet.
• lithako bohelehele ea libaka tsa ho tola, moo pele 1936 e ne e senyeha mong oa domes tsa mofuta o le mong e le hore ba litanka tse ka holimo-o ile a hlokomela.
• Ka bobeli mahlakoreng telele tsa Derbent jala mabitleng le leholo le morung oa Lejoe gravestones liemahale.

Motse oo o boetse o na le a 'maloa a lilemo li mehaho, mamosleme, liliba, matangoana, minarets. Ka ho fetisisa e tsotehang le kholo hakaalo kaho ke Mamosleme, e Dome tala hore e hlaha ka holim 'a marulelo a bataletseng ea karolo e ka holimo ea Derbent morao-rao le meqhaka ea matla ho hōla ka lebaleng la Mamosleme ea lifate sefofane lekholong la lilemo la li.