Calandra Lark: tlhaloso, phepo e nepahetseng, ho ikatisa

Calandra Lark (dzhurbay) - ke nonyana e nyenyane, eo ke sebini haholo. Ka nako e tšoanang maemong a mangata ba 'mala letsopa-bohlooho lerootho molumo. Ajoang linonyana, haholo-holo ba lulang bulehileng bobuelli: masabasabeng le makhulo, matsoapo treeless le maralla seka-na le lehoatata le lithaba. Ba ka seoelo ho lula ka makala a lihlahla le lifate. Motheong oa lijo tsa bona e na le lijo tse ea lehlabula hangata dipeo seka-butsoitseng tsa joang tse sa tšoaneng le likokoanyana. Mariha ba ne ba fepa ka dipeo.

matšoao tšimo

Calandra Lark - e kholo, e boholo ba starling nonyana. Palo ea a maholohali a hae, stocky. Seaparo "Zhavoronkova" lehlakoreng ka leng la lijalo le o na le e kholo batho ba batsho letheba, ka linako tse ling ba ile ba ba koaloa. Tlase linonyana slabopyatnisty, tšoeu. Mapheo a sephara le lefifi lera khubelu, 'me bohale ka morao le leliboho leseli, haholo-holo a sa bonahaleng nakong sefofane se tloha. The molomo ke e khanyang le e teteaneng.

Fumane masimong le masabasabeng. Ka linako tse ling oa bina o lutse ka morung kapa fatše, empa haholo-holo - fofang ka e bophahamong ba limithara tse 10, butle-butle tsoha, e hlalosang selikalikoe. Song sonorous bile li rarahane. Ho utloa, e utloahalang "chrrr" le Whistler, e hlakileng "Hlakileng". O etsisa mantsoe a ba bang ba nonyana tse ling: molikong koenya, Lark ngoe, linnet, lehlaka warbler, pela, ho letsa mololi gopher, ramethokgo, tse fapa-fapaneng le melumo e meng.

mala

Calandra Lark na ea motheo 'mala brownish-grey Hue. The ka morao ea molala, mahetla le ka pele ea masiba ka ka morao ke le lefifi 'me khanya ocher nastvolyami metshetshe.

Lefifi nastvolya ka nadhvoste bonolo haholo. Koahela nyane lepheo greyish-sootho mmala, le leholo le le mahareng - le kotsoana, ba bacha botjha ocher kapa palo bo bofubelu metshetshe. Lipheletsong tsa mahareng masiba sefofane le khanya, hoo e batlang e tšoeu matheba. Tsamaisong feteletseng tšoeu botlaaseng le ka hare webs sootho; ka bohale ba babeli ba bobeli le metshetshe tšoeu ka bophara, kaofela ha tse ling - tšoeu le matheba a tse nyenyane; tsohle para mahareng sootho, monochromatic.

The underparts ke linonyana tse tšoeu. Lehlakoreng la hlooho grayish-sootho hues; holim'a mahlo o na le eyebrow khanyang. Ka kakaretso batho ba batsho letheba lehlakoreng ka leng la lijalo le. Karolo e khōlō ea e sefubeng le goiter le sootho lefifi le grayish streaks. Gray lehlakoreng ka underwings, feela nakong e fetileng o rims tšoeu. Lefifi sootho iris e. Maoto le molomo palo sootho.

tikoloho

Calandra Lark phytophage phelang, e le lebitso la ka fana ka maikutlo a, ka libaka tse sabaletseng steppe, le nang le hantle ntshetswa pele joang bo sekoahelo.

linonyana phela linaheng tse latelang: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Algeria, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, Greece, Bosnia le Herzegovina, Egepeta, Georgia, Jordane, Iseraele, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Portugal, Palestina, Romania, Russia Federation, Serbia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Croatia, France, Montenegro.

lijo

Joaloka larks tse ling kaofela, ka ea lehlabula Calandra Lark fepa ho khetheha lijo tsa phoofolo e 'ngoe. Ho fepa, ka potlako mathang ho pholletsa le naha, 'me sklevyvaya tsohle hore e tla oa ka joang le lefatše. Ka linako tse ling o nka lepheo le hlahloba litlhōrō tsa lihlahla. molomo oa hae o moholo e atisa ho ka thata-thata plastered le seretse. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore e hlahisa ho tswa ho mobu tse nyenyane likokoanyana larvae. Molomo e ka boela senya ka leqhoa karolong e ka holimo ea lehloa, ha ho tloha ka tlas'a sona ho hlahisa dipeo joang.

Calandra Lark omnivorous. A ho jang likokoanyana kgolo - copra, litsie, ballads, joalo-joalo Ba bang kaofela ba likokoanyana tse ngata ho ka etsahala hore maleshoane darkling, weevils, weevils, maleshoane lekhasi, Olenka, maleshoane ea lijo-thollo, hammoho le bapalami, lintsintsi linotši, bobi, bohloa le ba bang. Ho phaella moo, likho - ho e boetse e le ratang ka ho fetisisa tsoara nonyana Calandra Lark. Matla a eona, ha re ntse re bona, ho ke ke tenyetsehang haholo. Ho feta batho ba bang, a ho jang Orthoptera, hobane sebopeho bona e ngata tse sa tšoaneng. Ka nako e tšoanang e jang hanyane ditsitsiri, scarab maleshoane, popane le bohloa.

ho ikatisa

sefofane hona joale le ho bina e ile ea nka ho tloha March ho ea bohareng ba July. Tabeng ena, ea majoe pele e ile ea tšoauoa ka Zhdanov Borovikov ho elella bofelong ba March. Majoe ba boetse ba fumana ho fihlela bohareng ba bo-June.

Joaloka litho tse ling tsa larks e, sehlaha khotsofatsoa tlas'a sehlahla joang bo ka sekoting, liriti le leholo le le masken. Ho e hahoa ho tloha makhasi omisitsoeng 'me re susumetsoa ea joang le ea metso mosesaane. Joalokaha e le tloaelo, lera le ka hare e kenyeletsa thepa thinner. Nako le nako, ho e teng ka e le qubu e omileng ea manyolo Pere. The clutch ka ba haholo-holo mahe a 5, ka linako tse ling likotoana 6. Mahe a lefifi haholo, botala kapa off-tšoeu mmala botlaaseng le mefuta e fapaneng ya ea mohloaare kapa brownish, hanyenyane thothofatsang matheba, tse thatafetseng ho qetellong hlabang.

e motšehali 'ngoe e alama mahe bakeng sa matsatsi a leshome le metso e ts'eletseng. Tabeng ena, ho fepa sehlaha sa nka ka bang leshome matsatsi a.

Feela o ile a tloha sehlaheng nestlings etsahala ho tloha bohareng ba bo-May ho fihlela July, ha e hlaha mehlape hlomphehang metebong e fepa ka litlhaka le, masabasabeng, le litsela tse ikhathaletseng le litho tse ling tsa larks. Ka qetellong ea lehlabula, ho na le mehlape e khōlō ea linonyana - 200 mefuta e. Falla kahoo ba tsoela pele ho fihlela hoetla morao. Hangata, ba eketsa ho fihlela ho ea sebele ho oa sefofane. Tsena nako pakete e ka fumanoa ka boroa sebakeng seo. mehlape metebong ka hoetla ke lerata haholo. Ka nako e tšoanang ka larks ntle boemo ba leholimo bina 'me ke tsoha molota e le ea selemo, ka pina ea.

moult

Ho batho ba baholo, larks, joaloka ba bang kaofela, moult le hlaha hanngoe feela ka selemo, ka bophara August. Litsuonyana tse underdeveloped masiba sekoahelo, eo e nkeloa sebaka ka sehlaheng sa masiba pele ba nkeloa sebaka le eena ke ho oa ha ea pele "batho ba baholo", seaparo se e tebileng.

matla

Calandra Lark - e le "naha" e khōlō nonyana. O di theohela tlase ho e leng sebaka sa banyalani ba bang ba limithara tse makholo a tsoang ho para e, le se fetang 2 banyalani ba ka hekthara ka nngwe 1 naha.