Histori ea ballet, Russia: ho hlaha 'me tsoelo-pele

Metso ya Ballet Russia, ho tšoana le mofuta ofe kapa ofe bonono, ke ka Together In litsomong. Ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe, tsena e ne e ba bolumeli (mefuta eohle ea Together In) le ya dipapadi ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, moo ho ne ho" joalo-joalo.) Dance. Russia ea ballet e sa feela bolokoa ho canons tsohle bokgabane, empa hape e ile ea e etsang molao ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea ballet,.

headwaters

Ka Kievan RUS 'mathoasong a lilemo tse makholo VIII-IX, a qala ho hlaha ka tantsang pele, litsebi lefapheng bona - clowns ... Ka mor'a nakoana, ha motse-moholo e ne e le Moscow, clowns e ne e se hakaalo hore e ba batho.

Ka makholo a lilemo XV-XVI qabola sebonoang entertainers ka lifahleho patiloe le masken, seo ho thoeng ke "mashkarami" hlolloa 'me ba makatsoa ke basele etela.

Lilemong tsa bo-XVII histori ea ballet, Russia tšoauoa se qalang ka qabolang ntlong ea borena ea Kremlin Theater. Ho ea ka neano e thehilweng, e mong le e setatemente se ka lebaleng la liketsahalo e kamehla ea phethoa mezhdusenyami (outputs khethehileng ea ballet). Tsena ho thoeng entrée e etsoang ke banna ba apereng liaparo tse makoko. Batšoantšisi o ile a bontša ba bang ba likarolo tsa ballroom Together In.

monate le Tsar e

Pele ballets tletseng tekanyo e ka ho Russia ho nkoa e tshebetso nehelanoa February 8, 1673. Ho ile ha etsahala'ng e le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa ka lekhotleng la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, 'me e ne e bitsoa "Ballet tsa Orpheus le Eurydice." Histori ea ho hlaha ha e sa ballet Russia hlalosa e le battlefield e postures ceremonious, metjeko lieha, liqha le ho fetoha. Pakeng tsa batšoantšisi ba pheta ka hlooho puo kapa ho bina. Ena eohle e ke e nyenyane joaloka ea sebele bohato theatrical. E ne e feela ka ithabisa ho ba marena, hohelang se tsitse lona.

Ho sa le joalo, Gregory I., ho hlophisa ba lebaleng la liketsahalo, mema Nicola Lima ho hlophisa fuoa koetliso dithuto bakeng sa tsebo e theatrical ea morena oa lebaleng la liketsahalo. Qalong, bana ba 10 burghers babatsehang, ea ntan'o ba ho 20, ba ile ba ka katleho le koetlisitsoeng ka 'me ba bontša morena ba lekhotla le ballet tshebetso "Orpheus" ka mokhoa French.

The sete mosebetsi

Feela ka mor'a hore kotara ea lekholo, Peter ke, kaha o reretsoe ho fetola bophelo ba setso sa Russia, ee tlisetsang bophelo ba Russia setjhabeng mino le Together In. O etsa qeto ea ho kenya bonono phahameng sechabeng strata tsa baahi ba St. Petersburg. Ho etsa sena, Petrose ke koala Moscow holong Alexei Mikhailovich le hatisa molao-taelo Revolutionary. Sena molao-taelo ho likopano tse hlokahalang mekhatlo eohle 'muso ho ruta ballroom tantša ruri. liphetoho tsena entse boemo ba ho tantša mong'a fihleloa phahameng. Ke seo batsamaisi likopanong tse khōlō le ballet tlameha ponahalo e susumeletsa ea ballet Together In e ne e tsoa linaheng tse ling, dipopontshwa ka mokgwa wa thepa ea motheo wa setjhaba Seslavone metjeko.

Mongoli V. Krasovskaja ( "History of Ballet Russia" - LA Art, 1978) lumela hore mafolofolo le categorically Peter ke liholong ntlong ea borena li ne li tšoareloa liketso tsa troupes ea ballet, libini le libini Opera memeloa ho tloha naheng e 'ngoe.

Qalong ea 1738 ea sekolong sa ballet, ho ile ha hlophisoa ka tsona naheng eo, e se e le hantle, pele. Histori ea ballet, Russia ka bokhutšoanyane re bolella ka nako ena. Ba fumaneng mangolo a sebetsa lik'hamphani le ballet ea baqosuoa tsoang linaheng tse ling ka lebaleng la liketsahalo ho thoeng (batšoantšisi, le k'horase e). Ho ile haholo feela hamorao ba ne ba ile a lumela ho ea liphathing tse khōlō.

Koetliso ea pele

The belehoa tsa bo-rahistori ba mehleng ea kajeno ea ballet nahana ka Land Gentry botseta. Ho sebetsa ka e tummeng Zhan Batist Landzh, ea ileng a le liithuti tsa hae beha ballets lekhotla tse tharo. E le histori ea ballet, Russia, ba ile ba hoo e batlang e le lekhetlo la pele ea ballet liketso, melao loketseng le melawana ya Royal Academy ea Dance motse-moholo French.

Gentry botseta Cadets nka karolo ka tsa thuto, poluharakternom lyrical le ka nako e tšoanang ba hlahisang metlae ea ballet troupes ho tloha Italy Bathes.

Elizabeth I, e le hore a se ke a lahleheloa ke koetlisitsoeng ea ballet tantsang, a bula ipatlele Together In sekolong hae ea Boholo bo Hlomphehang hae, le sete ya pele ya tse neng li le bana ba 12 ba bafo.

Ho ea qetellong ea 1742, e Empress saennweng molao-taelo ho theha ea ballet le sehlopha seo sa tantsang Serussia. Ho na le hore hotetsa pele Russia linaleli - litsebi ea ballet tantsang: Aksinya Baskakov le Athanasius Toporkov.

Tsoa bafu qetellong

Lefu Baptiste Lande tlisa pherekano ka khoebo choreography ka har'a naha. Nehelano, eo matha Bathesalonika, ke tsa mofuta o tšoanang le burlesques bora. A li shebang ha hohela lihlahisoa tse joalo.

Histori ea ballet, Russia ka bokhutšoanyane hlalosa nako eo. Ka nako ena e Europe ho na le potso ka liphetoho tsa tabeng choreographic. Rousseau le Cinq-Mars e hloka ea ballet tantsang ho tlosa liaparo tsa tlokoma e le masken ho makala. Diderot ka matla khothalletsa ho fetola storylines ballet, liketso. Ho sa le joalo, Dzhon Uiver, ntle le emetse bakeng sa phetoho e akaretsang, beha ya tshebetso Together In le pale nahanela, le Zhorzh Nover ile a ngola a tsomo "Mangolo a Together In."

Haufi ka mor'a le Russia ea ballet. Ponahalo ea Hilferding - bopaki. Sena setsebi Jeremane tsitsitseng tlaleho choreography ka St. Petersburg. Paris pale ballets e hlahile lilemo tse 15 feela hamorao. Hilferding thusa Leopold Paradiso. Ke qetile lilemo tse 50, th tsa lekholong la lilemo la XVIII, ba bōpa e ikemetseng ea ballet litšoantšiso.

Qala lihlahisoa tse khōlō

Tšoantšiso pele ea ballet Russia ke A. P. Sumarokovu. O khothalletsa Together In liketso thoriso, dingolwa motheo qapa ea ballet liketso "setšabelo sa bokhabane" le "New Monastery".

Gasparo Anzhiolini memeloa King choreographer, ho eketsa ho khanya ha ea Maslav setso pina notok beha ballet, ketso "Fun bakeng sa Christmas nako." Catherine II haholo rorisa boemedi. Ka 1779, Komisi molao en Khao banc lumela hore ho ea ballet, le 'mino oo e ne e ngoloa ka lebaka la Maslav litsomong.

Ka mor'a katleho joalo haholo Anzhilini ba ile ba fallela lihlahisoa tse thabisang theatrical, e fetola litšeho ba bafo ba lihlooho tsa puisano. Hona ho entsoe eulogies lerata: "The Triumph tsa Russia" (touted hlōla lebotho Turkish ka Cahul le Larga), "The Argonauts New" (e khanyang zanes ho likepe tsa Russia Empire) le "Hlōlang ho beha mabaka" (bochaba-leqhubu hore ho hlokahala bakeng sa ente e thibelang sekholopane atile).

pele bahale le ballet tshebetso "Semira" hanyane e se e pele e neng e lopolloa. Ho tloha nakong eo choreographers di ela hloko haholo ho expressiveness tsa ballet, Together In. Bakeng sa tantsang ka nako e tšoanang e ka ba maphathaphathe le qabolang Opera liketso tsa theater bao e seng boemo, 'me ka e bontša pseudo-operatic, ho libretto ao moemphera ka boeena a qapa.

Bakeng sa e ncha 1778 St. Petersburg (jwalo ka histori ea ballet, Russia, libuka ho hlaka hlalosa ketsahalo ena e ikhethang) letetsoe bashebelli se theater tse peli: khoebo "Free Theater" le lekhotla le.

The lihlopha pele fortification

Ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la lilemo la XVIII, feshene ke ho tseba tsebo ea ho Together In. Le mathoasong a 1773 tlasa tutelage ea Leopold Paradeise motse-moholo ka lebaka la likhutsana bula setsi sa koetliso ea ho oa pele, eo hamorao e ileng ea pele holong ea sechaba. Ka sete pele ho ne ho bana ba 60. Ka la pele choreographic tshebetso behiloeng ke Cosimo keteka Maddox, o re bukeng ea hae ea Yu Bakhrushin.

Histori ea ballet, Russia, o ile a ithuta le o ile a hlalosa ba ka ho qaqa, e tletseng bodied bula nako ena, tsebo ea ho Together In. Maddox le sehlopha sa le monyenyane, o ile a ithuta ka ho Russia, tantsang ho bapaloa ka metlae Opera, choreography inehetseng ho liketsahalo sebele' (ka mohlala, "ho nka Ochakovo"), 'me Divertimenti.

Khahlanong le semelo sa sena, ka potlako ba ile ba qala ho ntshetsa pele ka serf ilelegi holong. Ka lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng tsa lekholong la lilemo la XVIII e bile tsebahalang kgolo kopanetsweng serf ilelegi batšoantšisi. lihlopha joalo li 'nile tsa Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin le beng ba masimo tse ling.

The nako e tšoanang o ile a bona ho ntshetsa pele le thero ea tantsang motšehali 'me a moralo bonono hore ba emele boemo. Ho na le ke e ncha neano nama ea ka sethaleng scene bang bang bang, le khatholla ke ho ngola ka setaele ea sebele, ho sebelisa papali ho halofo ea liriti le khanya.

The tlhōlo ea ballet, Russia

Histori ea Russia le ballet ea lilemo tse makholo 19-20 e feletseng le tse fapa-fapaneng. Ke tšimoloho ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la le ballet bonono etsa ntho e itseng e matla khōlong e feletseng ea eona e ananela ka ho bamameli. Russia Ballerina hlahisang ka choreography lightness, likelello le itlhalosang. E ka nepo haholo hlokomela A. S. Pushkin, e hlalosang botle ba Together In susumeletsa ho ba batho ba mehleng ea hae, naleli ea ballet, boemo, Istomin: "Soul feletseng ea sefofane" (poleloana e reng fetohile ho tsoana le ho ea ballet e). Poleloana e reng hae ea sefahleho le bokhabane ba mekhatlo Together In khahloa. Boholo ba bashebelli ba qala ho hantle ka Avdotya Istomin.

Ha ho tlase ntle ne Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

liketso tse Ballet ba re fumane ratoa. Together In Ballet, e le bonono e, ho e rata, 'me e abetswe dithusa naha.

Ke newfangled holim'a "baanelwa" ea lilemo tse 60th ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, ho a phahameng sechabeng setso se koahetsoeng. Russia holong maqakabetsi fihla. Le litumeliso ho choreographies, o ile a beha taba ka primitivism tsa storyline, e leng fetola ho Together In itseng. Tantsang ba fihla phethehong, fana ka ho tantša ka lihlahisoa tsa sebele.

Nalane ya ballet, Russia tsoela ho boemong ba se secha. Tsoseletso qala ka Petra Chaykovskogo, ea ileng a ngola 'mino le bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa pele choreographic. Ka histori eohle ea ballet e, ka lekhetlo la pele 'mino o ba bohlokoa joaloka Together In. Le esita le hlaha ka par, ka 'mino oa opera le o hlophisitsoeng symphonic. Haeba 'mino ho Tchaikovsky o ile a ngola tlas'a boemo ba leholimo tantši, eo hona joale e le ballet motšoantšisi plasticity, motsamao le mohau o ne a batla ho fetisa maikutlo' mino le maikutlo, ho feta ho thusa a li shebang ho nyopa morero, o ile a lokisetsa ka lintlha moqapi oa. lefatše ntse admires e tummeng "Swan Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky tlisoa lihlahisoa tsa likarolo phetseng mehleng ea tataiso, ke ile ka qala ho ela hloko haholo ho rera bonono boemo, a lumela hore a li shebang e lokela ho qoelisoa ka ho feletseng se etsahalang sethaleng. O ne o thibela ho sebelisoa ha likarolo mime. Radically fetola boemo Fokine. O tsosoa e le ballet maikutlo a lerato 'me a nka puo mele oa Together In le sebui se hlakile. Ho latela Fokin, e mong le e ba iketsa sethaleng lokela be e ikhethang. Ke hore, 'mino, Together In setaele le mohlala lokela ho be e ikhethang ho ba le pono e itseng. Ka lilemo tse qalang ea ditsebiso XX lekholong la lilemo la filimelwa tlhahiso ea hae "masiu a Egepeta," "The Swan Shoa", "Midsummer Night ea Dream," "Acis le Galatea" le ba bang.

Ka 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin memeloa ho ea ba mookameli kgolo ya Parisian "Seasons Russia". Le memo ena Fokin e-ba lefatšeng-e tsebahalang. A ea Russia ea ballet baetsi ba litšoantšo ba tšepe selemo le selemo ka tlhōlo ho sebetsa motse-moholo French. Histori ea ballet, tantsang Russia rorisa Russia le sehlopha seo, bao mabitso li tsejoa lefatšeng lohle: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, joalo-joalo 'Me e ke nakong ea fokotseha ea ballet, European.!

Diaghilev nka monyetla oa 'me ka hlōla. O ile a bokella e le sehlopha seo sa batšoantšisi ba banyenyane le ba nang le talente sa ballet me a ba fa letsoho free. Lumelloa hore o sebetse ka ntle ho moralo wa ya e tsebahalang, eo beha e tummeng, empa se e le lilemo haholo Petipa.

Bolokolohi ba bohato thusa tantsang ho sibolla le ho bontša ho ba le bang. Ho phaella ho dipopontshwa tsena Revolutionary Diaghilev khahloa ke ae kgabisa sa baetsi ba litšoantšo ba tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa tsa mehleng ea hae (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) le baqapi (K. Debissi, odinagar, Stravinsky). Hona joale mong le e mong ho hlahisoeng ballet, e ne e le tsoileng matsoho.

Mora oa October Phetohelo, tantsang tse ngata le choreographers setseng ikarotseng Serussia. Empa mokokotlo sala. Butle-butle ba haufi-ufi le batho ba Russia ea ballet. Maqephe ea histori ea ka morao ho etsa ho ... bona ho feta

Ka mor'a hore bohareng ba XX lekholong la lilemo la, tantsang le choreographers ba moloko o mocha li khutlela sebakeng ponahalo e nyane lebaloa tantši, symphony no le ballet, ka ketso e le 'ngoe. palo ea rekota le holong ile a lula a le ntseng le hōla.

"The HLŌTSENG", Ballerina, ea ballet liphoso

E tummeng Russia motantsi Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya kena ho khutlela ka 'Muso oa Russia, la 11 September, 1915. Ka mor'a sekolo se phahameng o ile a kena 'me ka 1933 ka katleho qeta ea Leningrad Choreographic School. O ile a ithuta ka e tummeng Vaganova Agrippina. Ho tloha ka nako eo ho 1941 Krasovskaja sebeletsa Theater. Kirov. O phathahane ka ballets tsa liletseng seakatemiki.

Ka 1951, Vera M. qeta kalogo sekolong ka Leningrad Theater Institute. Ostrovsky, ka mor'a ho fana ka koetliso ea motheo ka lefapheng la holong.

sekolong litsebi amohetse Krasouskaya pele ka sehlopha sa ba Agrippina Vaganova, joale postnovkah le ballet ea Mariinsky Theater, le leruo la tsebo ea tekanyo e encyclopedic, aristocratic, lineano tsa setso le taelo ea hlollang tsa puo eo (French le Senyesemane), e le hore ho ba bohlale le ho sebele ho kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ballet bonono liphoso.

Ka 1998, litaba tse molemo phatlalatsa ho pholletsa le lefatše holong. Premium "Triumph" hlōla Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Histori ea ballet, Russia, eo a hlalositsoeng ka libuka (ba bang ba bona ea fetoleloa ka lipuo tse tsoang linaheng tse ling) le lihlooho (300) e le bonono rahistori le mohlahlobisisi, o ile a Vera Mikhailovna mohloli ya mahala "Triumph" Russia khau. moputso ena e fuoa bakeng sa seo a se finyeletseng phahameng ka ho fetisisa bonono le lingoliloeng.

Ka 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna e ile ea fela.

epilogue

Histori ea ballet, Serussia le teboho boloka mabitso a beng ba Together In, ea entseng e monehelo khōlō hore ho thehoe choreography Serussia. Sena se tumme hampe Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, 'me ba bang ba bangata. talenta e 'ngoe ea baetsi ba litšoantšo ba Russia o ile a le kajeno hohela nomoro ea tonanahali ea bashebelli lefatšeng ka bophara.

Ho fihlela letsatsing lena, Serussia le ballet lik'hamphani li nkoa molemo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.