Boemo libaka tsa Caucasus, tšimo, maemo a likoluoa tsa tlhaho

Boemo libaka tsa Caucasus e ntse e le taba ea ho khang har'a bo-rasaense. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, ho ke ke le moeli pakeng tsa Europe le Asia. Empa moo hantle larileng ka cordon? Haeba re nahana hore mosiko boroa, ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa Europe e Mount Elbrus. Empa haeba le moeli oa matha hammoho le Main Caucasian orilla, e Mont Blanc. naheng ena e lithaba e atoloswa haholo. Likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa Caucasus e ntshetswa pele ea tlelaemete ea teng. libakeng tsena li fapana ka sebopeho sa naha le tlhaho. A sehloohong sena a re hlalosa ka ho qaqileng ka lifahleho tse ngata tsa Caucasus oona tsamaisong lithaba.

Location ka 'mapa oa lefatše

Ke sebaka se ka Eurasia pakeng tsa Leoatle le Letšo le Azov Leoatle le ka bophirimela ho le Leoatle la Caspian ka bochabela. Ho ea ka leboea tsa Caucasus otlolla khōlō East European Plain. Sena se seholo, se lithaba naheng e na le ipatlele ikemetseng meeli ba bona ba tlhaho. Boemo libaka tsa Caucasus pakeng tsa maoatle tse peli tsa Leoatle la Atlantic le ea lefatše ho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa seemelong letšeng la Caspian Sea bolela hore ka bophirimela le e ka bochabela meeli ea tsamaiso ea lithaba tse ka ho hlaka bonahalang. Hona ho thoe'ng ka leboea 'me haholo-holo e ka boroa ha e bonolo. Kuma-Manych tepella maikutlo itšetlehile ka sebaka seo ho tloha Leoatleng la Caspian ho Azov le Kerch Strait. Ho nkoa moeli o ka leboea oa Caucasus. E ka boroa ea tsamaiso ena e tsoela ka thelelo lithabeng tsa Turkey le Iran. Leliboho ka aroloa ho ka sebetsa ka ho ea pele boemo cordon Union sebakeng seo. Hona joale e se e tsoa Georgia, Armenia le Azerbaijan. Le moeli o ka boroa matha hammoho le seretse se chesang Armenian sehlabeng, nōka Araks 'me a tla ho Talysh Mountains.

Geotectonics 'mapeng

Boemo libaka tsa Caucasus buang hlaka 'nete ea hore lithaba tsena ke karolo ea lebanta Alpine-Himalaya. Ho sa ntse ho e tsoelang pele tectonic mosebetsi, le hoja ho na le ha ho foqoha seretse se chesang a sebetsang. Ho ea ka kaho ea Caucasus geomorphological e arotsoe tse nne orographic sebakeng. A re ke re sheba ba ka Strand ka.

Ka leboea hole Ciscaucasian thota, e otlolla hlobolisa lohle la Azov ho Leoatle la Caspian. Ho ekelletsa moo boroa, lithaba itesella ho maralla tlaase. Ka Big Caucasian orilla teng oona tsamaisong litlhōrō ka sehloohong - Elbrus le Kazbek. Sebaka sena se seholo se boetse o na le litšobotsi tse ba lona. Ka boroa ho eona ke Transcaucasian ho tepella maikutlo. Ho na le Kura-Araks mabalane le Colchis. Ba ile ba boela ngoe Transcaucasian Highlands. E, le eena, e arotsoe likarolo tse peli. Lithaba tsena li sa Caucasus Lesser le Javakheti-Armenian Highland.

Ka 'mapa ea lipolotiki ea lefatše

Ka boroa ho Main Caucasus Range tse le ikemetseng le puso e nang le la Georgia, Armenia le Azerbaijan. North lithaba lula Federation le Serussia. Ho na le boetse ho na le lirephabliki intša phatlalatsa tsa Caucasus: South Ossetia, Abkhazia le Nagorno-Karabakh. bokamoso ba bona, joaloka boemo ba teng ea lipolotiki, e sa hlakang haholo. The Federation Russia e le sebakeng sa mekhatlo 'maloa ea sebaka. Ho ka leboea-bophirimela ho ke Stavropol le Krasnodar masimong. Di a hlokomela libaka phomolo ea Russia. Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela e joalo ikemetseng Caucasian lirephabliki hara Russia Federation ka Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, North Ossetia le Karachay-Cherkessia. sebopeho National ea baahi linaheng tsena ke haholo mebala-bala. E sebeletsa e le lekhetlo le bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya le likhohlano hara-merabe. Hot matheba tsa Caucasus ne Chechnya, South Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh ntse ke tšimo ea hanyetsoa pakeng tsa Armenia le Azerbaijan.

Libaka tsa Caucasus lithaba

Bolelele e khōlō ea orilla ho ile ha etsa hore 'nete ea hore e mong le e ba bona ba na le makgetha a ho lona a libaka. Kahoo, naheng e lithaba ka aroloa eseng feela ka e ka leboea, tse bohareng le e ka boroa, empa e boetse e le Bochabela le Bophirimela Caucasus. Ha re nahana ka orilla ka sehloohong, joale e ke ho bonolo ho itšehla ea karolo eo e qala ka Absheron hloahloa le hlaha ho Kazbek. Sena Caucasus East. Sebakeng bohareng drive le e matla a petetswa, arola Range (ka sehloohong) le lateral arola e ka leboea le e ka boroa libakeng tse ling tsa naha. A Bophirimela Caucasus e qala ka Taman hloahloeng me butle-butle e hlaha ho Elbrus (5642 limithara ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle). Ka karolo e nyenyane bohareng, pakeng tsa tse peli tse litlhōrō ka ho fetisisa tsa lithaba, concentrated ding limithara tse likete tse hlano kaofela: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Tau, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. E mong le e ba tsena holimo Mont Blanc ka Alps (4807 limithara).

monyenyane Caucasus

Ka boroa ho Main (arola) Range otlolla ho tloha leoatleng, ka e kholo ea liphallelo e tepella maikutlo. Mona ba abelwa libakeng tsa Caucasus, e le metsi Colchis mabalane ka bophirimela le e omeletseng Alazan le Kura-Araz thota ka bochabela. Empa ka boroa ho deflections hape hloa thaba. submeridional Likhi Range feela connects e Moholo Caucasus le Nyenyane. Lebitso la e qetellang lokela ho khelosa mang kapa mang. Ya e le hantle, ka holimo tsa Lesser Caucasus tlaasana Kazbek le Elbrus. Empa mona ke Mount Ararate (5165 limithara). Ke ntlha ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Asia Minor. Ho na le sebakeng sena e ngata litlhōrō ka holim'a Alpine Mont Blanc. Monyenyane Caucasus sothile 600-kilometer dari selikalikoe. A mangata maporogo lona na ba bolelele ba km 2-3. Di arohane ka libeisine tebileng intermountain. Ka boroa ho mekoloko ea lithaba otlolla meholo. Javakheti-Armenian Highland. Ho na le maporogo ha seretse se chesang le sehlabeng khaola ke likhohlo tse tebileng. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa sebaka sena - Aragats (4090 limithara).

tsamaiso e khopo lithaba karolong e ka boroa moo e qetella

Boemo libaka tsa Caucasus e joalo hore ha ho bonolo ho bona hore moeli. Ka maporogo boroa-bochabela ba butle-butle ho fallela ka Talysh Mountains, ho ipolaea le Lenkoran mabalane haufi le la Caspian Sea (28 limithara tlase ho bophahamo ba leoatle). E ka boroa le boroa-ka bophirimela Lesser Caucasus fetisa ka Alborz lithaba. ketane ena e ka leboea ea Iran ke karolo ea lithaba Pontic Asia Minor. Kahoo, re ka bolela hore moeli o ka boroa oa e lithaba ke Lankaran mabalane le Talish le lithabeng Alborz lithaba.

lichaba Caucasian

sebaka sena e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke lihlopha ka mashome a mahlano tsa merabe. Le e mong le ba bona ba entse hore ho be setso lona e ikhethang. Haholo-holo heterogeneous ka sebopeho merabe ke North Caucasus (Russia). sebaka sena e leo ho ahiloeng ho Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. Ho na le boetse ho na le batho ba buang maleme tsa puo Altai lelapa. Ho Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian Maturkey. Transcaucasia e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis. Empa sebopeho merabe ea lirephabliki tsena haholo heterogeneous. Har'a baemeli ba lichaba ba titular ea linaha tsena ho na le Abkhazians, Ossetians, Tats, Talysh, Mountain Bajuda, Yezidis, Kurds, Baassyria. 'Me qetellong o ile lichaba ba ileng ba lula histori e telele ka bohale ena lithaba. Sena Russia, Ukrainians, Bagerike, Bajuda, Tatars le ba bang. Malumeli a ka sehloohong ke Islam (jwalo ka Shia le Sunni) le Orthodox.

boemo ba litšisinyeho tsa lefatše

tšimong ea Caucasus larileng ka ka ho feletseng ka lebanta Alpine-Himalaya. Sebakeng seo ho na selefouno haholo. Ka lebaka leo, kamehla ke litšisinyeho tsa lefatše Caucasus. Eketseha litšisinyeho tsa lefatše mosebetsi tikolohong eo e isa 'nete ea hore ke lithaba tse ka lebaka la convergence ea lipoleiti tectonic hōla ho halofo ea disentimitara ka selemo. Ka nako e tšoanang le mabalane a oa esita le ho feta. Tšebetso ena ha e ka potlako - ho tloha millimeters tse peli ho tse tsheletseng ka selemo. The litšisinyeho tsa lefatše ho fetisisa khafetsa ka Caucasus, hantlentle ho feta karolong e ka leboea-bophirimela ho lihlabeng Armenian. Fetileng joalo koluoa ea tlhaho, e leng o ile a bolela tse likete maphelo, e hlahile ka 1988. Mountain Caucasus e loketseng ka mosebetsi oa lona e phahameng litšisinyeho tsa lefatše e ka tlasa avalanches khafetsa, glaciers le mudflows. litšisinyeho tsa lefatše tse nyenyane bakela rockfalls le ho ritsa ha lefatse. sediments bonolo hlatsoa melapo le dithulaganyo tse ling khoholeho ea mobu. Ka tsela eo ha thehoa mahaheng. Ba tse ngata haholo-holo karolong e ka leboea ea e Moholo Caucasus. Lekane ho hopola Vorontsov lehaheng tsamaiso, New Athos, Snow khohlo (botebo lona - 1370 limithara), Lago-Naki sehlabeng.

Boemo ba leholimo sa Caucasus

naheng ena e lithaba larileng ka ka ho meeli ea ea tropike le mocheso ka libaka tsa tlhaho. U ka re hore: lerako le phahameng, e leng Caucasus ka boeona e ke ha boemo ba leholimo-eaba ba etsa le palokatiso. Litlhōrō e mehlano limithara tse likete tsela e sireletsehileng jara matsoapong ka boroa ea meea e batang. Ka nako e tšoanang mosiko ka leboea Caucasian a qala ho thunngoa le dithemparetjha tsohle tlaase. Haholo-holo ho ba hlasela phapang ka litšobotsi klimate a hlokomela mariha. Ha ho karolo e Russia ea naha e lithaba ke snowfalls boima ka Caucasus lirephabliki busa hlakile, e omeletseng le mofuthu boemo ba leholimo. Ya e le hantle, ka lithabeng joalo e khōlō o ile a re libaka tse phahameng-bophahamong. Ka lehloa litlhōrō selemo ho pota. Tlase libaka boriba le mosses nkeloa sebaka Alpine Meadow, phaene le morung deciduous. Le ka liphula le e khahlisang leihlo le tlokomang lulang se le setala limela tropike.

Caucasus linōka

sebakeng metsi methapo na le lithaba tlhaku ea phallo ea, 'me ka hona ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lefapha la ea matla. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore a le matsoapong leboea ea Caucasus bataletseng, o molelele o, ha boroa - moepa le precipitous. phello e joalo ea liphallelo e ka nōka. Karolong e ka leboea ea naha lithaba, ba e be e bataletse tlhaho. E le mohlala, Don. Kuban - nōka kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa North Caucasus. Empa ho na le sebakeng sena se lithaba naheng itime lijo 'me ba morusu melapo. Sena ke haholo-holo le Kura le Terek. Caucasus linōka ho matleng a libeisine la maoatle a mararo, e leng pota-pota leralleng naha. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma le Sulak phalla kena Leoatleng la Caspian. Hore ke la Black Sea beisine linokana kang Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov matlafatse Don, Kuban. Letša kholo ka ho fetisisa tikolohong eo ke Sevan.

Nature Caucasus

Se lithaba naheng makatse mefuta e fapaneng ya naha. Ho na le tropike mabalane mekhoabong, merung e teteaneng kalse mohbat, lifate boxwood, Alpine makhulo. Ka ba bolelele e khōlō ea limithara tse fetang tse likete tse tharo e laoloa ke boriba le mosses. Permafrost qala ka limithara tse 3.500 holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Mosiko leboea ea Caucasus tse batang. Lathe zonation ka matsoapo tsena e tšoauoa ka sa fetola botsoalle ea ka libaka. lehloa leliboho ka North Caucasus larileng ka tlaase ho feta ka boroa - ka ho pota 2800 limithara tse ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Mountain liphoofolo tsa sebaka sa hloka ho sireletsoa. Kangna le lengau Caucasian ke le haufi le ho fela. A mefuta e le letsoalloa la bison, likhama le linkoe tsa nyamela ka ho feletseng. Empa ho fihlela joale, li fumanoa ka likhohlong thabeng ea libere le, boar hlaha, chamois le lipheleu tse hlaha. E le ho limela, ho Caucasus e tsejoang ka hore ke belegetswe ea hogweed seqhenqha. Ka 1890, o ile a isoa Europe e le semela mekhabiso. Ho tloha ka nako a e nkoa e le kotsi haholo le mabifi neophyte.

menyetla boithabiso Caucasus

sebakeng seo e teng pakeng tsa maoatle a mararo e ka boroa. Ho na ho ile ha thehoa le boemo ba leholimo e le bonolo, phetoho ea ho tloha mocheso ho tropike. Phahameng le lithabeng bopa e sa tšoaneng haholo ea naha. Fast phallang linōka rata ou mema hore u rafting. All ena etsang Caucasus ka sebakeng seo boithabiso. Empa mona u ke ke ua feela phutholoha empa hape ho folisa. Sena thusa hore ho ea palo e khōlō ea metsi a matsoai tse thehoa mafika. Lefatše lohle le tseba cha "Borjomi", eo Lihlahisoa Georgia. Empa ha ho na khaello ea mehlodi ya boithabiso le North Caucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - metse e tsena tsohle phomolo teng sebakeng Stavropol. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) e tummeng Narzanov Tambukan le folisa seretse letšeng.