Boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa le bo tloaelehileng ba Leoatle la Indian. Phallelo ea tlase ea Leoatle la Indian

Leoatle la Indian ke sebaka sa boraro har'a bohle ba sebakeng seo ba lulang ho sona. Tabeng ena, ha e bapisoa le ba bang, botebo bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba Leoatle la Indian ke boikokobetso haholo - ke lihora tse 7,45 feela.

Sebaka:

E fumane e le 'mapa habonolo - karolong e ka leboea ea leoatle ke karolo ea Asia ea Eurasia, lebōpong le ka boroa ho Antarctica, ho tloha ka bochabela ha maqhubu a ntse a le teng Australia. Karolong e ka bophirimela ke Afrika.

Boholo ba libaka tsa leoatle li lula karolong e ka boroa ea naha. Moeli o lumellehang haholo o arola maoatle a India le a Atlantic - ho tloha Cape Agulhas e Afrika, ho theosa le lilemo tse leshome le metso e mene ho Antarctica ka boeona. Ho tloha Pacific ho arola hloahloa ea Indochina ea Malacca, moeli o ea karolong e ka leboea ea sehlekehlekeng sa Sumatra, joale ho latela moeli o teng 'mapeng o kopanya lihlekehleke tsa Sumatra, Java, Sumba le New Guinea. Le bone - Arctic - Leoatle la Indian ha le na meeli e tloaelehileng.

Sebaka

Botebo ba karolelano ea Leoatle la Indian ke limithara tse 3897. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e akaretsa sebaka sa 74,917 lik'hilomithara tse likete, e leng se lumellang hore e be sebakeng sa boraro ho ea ka boholo ba "bo-mphato". Libaka tsa letamo lena le leholo li khaola haholo - ke lona lebaka le etsang hore ho na le libaka tse seng kae tse leoatleng.

Lihlekehlekeng tse seng kae feela li le leoatleng lena. Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho bona e kile ea arohana le naha, ka hona e haufi le lebōpo la leoatle - Socotra, Madagascar, Sri Lanka. Ntle le lebōpo la leoatle, karolong e bulehileng, u ka fumana lihlekehleke tse qalileng ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang. Sena - Crozet, Mascarene le tse ling. Libakeng tse chesang tse mongobo ka li-cones tsa seretse se chesang ke lihlekehleke tsa coral, tse kang Maldives, Kokoti, Adama le tse ling.

Shores ka bochabela le leboea-bophirimela ke matsoalloa a naha, athe karolong e ka bophirimela le ka leboea-bochabela - haholo-holo hohle hohle. Lebōpong la leoatle le khaola haholo, haese karolo e ka leboea. Mona ke moo boholo ba libaka tse kholo li leng teng.

Botebo

Ha e le hantle, sebaka se seholo joalo se ke ke sa e-ba le botebo bo lekanang le Leoatle la Indian - boholo ba tsona ke limithara tse 7130. Ntlha ena e teng Seterekeng sa Sunda. Ka nako e ts'oanang, botebo bo tloaelehileng ba Leoatle la Indian ke metso e 3897.

Baahi ba sekepe le bafuputsi ba libaka tsa metsi ha ba khone ho tataisoa ke palo e tloaelehileng. Ka hona, nako e telele bo-rasaense ba 'nile ba hula' mapa oa boliba ba Leoatle la Indian. E bonts'a ho nepahala ha botlaaseng lintlheng tse sa tšoaneng, litlhaku tsohle, li-gutters, litlhako, lithaba tse foqohang seretse le likarolo tse ling tsa phomolo li bonahala.

Phomolo

Haufi le lebōpo la leoatle ho na le sebaka se senyenyane sa lishefete tsa khonthinente, lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 100 bophara. Sebaka se phahameng sa lithelefono, se leoatleng, se na le botebo bo fokolang - ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 200 limithara. Ke karolong e ka leboea-bophirimela ho Australia le haufi le mabōpo a Antarctic feela e eketsehang ho fihlela ho limithara tse 300-500. Sebaka se thōko sa k'honthinente ke seretse, libakeng tse ling tse arohaneng le liphula tse ka tlas'a metsi tsa linōka tse khōlō, tse kang Ganges, Indus le tse ling. Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ho phomoloha hoa tlaase ho Leoatleng la Indian ho kenyelletsoa ke sehlekehlekeng sa Sunda sehlekehleke. Ke mona moo Sethala sa Sunda se leng teng, moo ho tebileng botebo ba bohlokoa ba Leoatle la Indian. Sebaka se phahameng sa sekhahla sena se ka har'a methapo ea 7130 ka tlaase ho leoatle.

Lithaba, lifate le lithaba li robile bethe ka mekoting e 'maloa. Tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke Arabia Basin, African-Antarctic le Australia Bophirimela. Litlhaku tsena li thehiloe ka mahlakoreng, tse bohareng ba leoatle, le lithapo tse ngata, tse seng hōle le lik'honthinente, libakeng tseo ho tsona lihlahisoa tsa sedimentary li lekaneng haholo.

Har'a lipalo tse ngata, East Indian e bonahala ka ho khetheha - bolelele ba eona e ka ba lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 5. Leha ho le joalo, phomolo ea botlaaseng ba Leoatle la Indian e na le mekhahlelo e meng ea bohlokoa - Australia Bophirimela, meridional le tse ling. E robala haholo 'me ho foqoha seretse se chesang, libaka, ho etsa liketane esita le lipampitšana tse khōlō haholo.

Bohareng ba maoatle a leoatle ke makala a mararo a tsamaiso ea lithaba, a arola leoatle ho tloha bohareng ho ea leboea, boroa-bochabela le boroa-bophirimela. Bophara ba lithapo ho tloha lik'hilomithara tse 400 ho isa ho tse 800, bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 2-3. Phomolo ea botlaaseng ba Leoatle la Indian karolong ena e khetholloa ke liphoso ho pholletsa le liphoofolo. Har'a bona, botlaaseng bo atisa ho baleha ka thōko holimo ka lik'hilomithara tse 400.

Ho fapana le litoropo, ts'ebetso ea Australia-Antarctic ke mohaho o nang le marulelo a bonolo, bophahamo ba oona o fihlang k'hilomithara, 'me bophara bo fihla ho lik'hilomithara tse sekete le halofo.

Tsela e ka sehloohong ea tectonic ea botlaaseng ba leoatle lena e tsitsitse ka ho feletseng. Mehaho e tsoelang pele ea nts'etsopele e na le sebaka se senyenyane haholo 'me e phalla ka mekhoa e tšoanang ea Indochina le East Africa. Mehaho ena e meholo e arotsoe ka lihlopha tse nyenyane: li-slabs, blocky le lithaba tse foqohang seretse se chesang, libanka le lihlekehleke tsa coral, li-gutter, li-guide tsa tectonic, li-depression tsa Leoatle la Indian le tse ling.

Har'a mefuta e mengata e sa tšoaneng, karolong e ka leboea ea Mascarene Range e na le sebaka se khethehileng. Ho ka etsahala hore karolo ena e ne e le ea naha ea boholo-holo e lahlehileng ea Gondwana.

Mocheso

Libaka le botebo ba Leoatle la Indian li etsa hore ho khonehe ho nka hore boemo ba leholimo likarolong tse sa tšoaneng bo tla ba bo fapaneng haholo. 'Me ho hlile ho joalo. Karolo e karolong e karolong e ka leboea ea letamo lena le leholo le na le boemo ba leholimo. Lehlabuleng, nakong ea khatello e tlase holim'a naha ea Asia, ho phalla ha boroa ho e ka boroa-bophirimela ho na le metsi holim'a metsi. Mariha, melapo ea maqhubu a moea oa tropike a laola mona ho tloha leboea-bophirimela.

Karolong e ka boroa e ka boroa ea likhato tse 10 tsa boroa, boemo ba leholimo holim'a leoatle bo fetoha haholoanyane. Libakeng tse chesang tsa tropike (le libakeng tsa tropike nakong ea lehlabula) mekhahlelo ea mona ke meea ea khoebo e ka boroa-bochabela. Metsing e mongobo e chesang haholo, e tlohang bophirimela ho ea bochabela. Hangata ho na le maholiotsoana karolong e ka bophirimela ea lithaba tsa tropike. Hangata ba senya lehlabula le hoetla.

Moea o karolong e ka leboea ea leoatle o fofa ho fihlela likhatong tse 27 ka lehlabula. Libaka tsa Afrika li buluoa ka moea ka mocheso oa likhato tse ka bang 23. Mariha, mocheso oa fokotseha ho itšetlehile ka bophahamo: ka boroa e ka 'na ea e-ba tlase ho letšoao, athe karolong e ka leboea ea Afrika, thermometer bohlokoa ha e oe ka tlase ho likhato tse 20.

Mocheso oa metsi o itšetlehile ka maqhubu. Libaka tsa Afrika li hlatsuoa ke moemeli oa Masomali, o nang le mocheso o fokolang. Sena se lebisa tlhokomelong ea hore mocheso oa metsi sebakeng sena o bolokiloe ka likhato tse 22-23. Ka leboea ho leoatle, karolo e ka holimo ea metsi e ka fihla mocheso oa likhato tse 29, athe libakeng tse ka boroa ho tloha lebōpong la Antarctica, e theoha ho -1. Ha e le hantle, re bua feela ka likarolo tse ka holimo, kaha boholo ba Leoatle la Indian ke bo tebileng, ho thata haholoanyane ho etsa liqeto ka mocheso oa metsi.

Metsi

Botebo ba Leoatle la Indian ha bo ama palo ea maoatle ho hang. 'Me ho na le tse seng kae ho feta leoatleng leha e le lefe le leng. Maoatle a Mediterranean mona ke a mabeli feela: Kou ea Sefubelu le ea Persia. Ho phaella moo, ho ntse ho e-na le Leoatle la Arabia le karolong e ka thōko, Andaman - e koetsoe feela ka karolo e itseng. Ka bochabela ho metsi a mangata ke maoatle a Timor le a Arabula.

Linōka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Asia ke tsa basesisi ba leoatle lena: Ganges, Salween, Brahmaputra, Irvadi, Indus, Euphraat le Tiger. Har'a linōka tsa Afrika ke Limpopo le Zambezi.

Botebo ba karolelano ea Leoatle la Indian ke limithara tse 3897. 'Me ho ena molomong oa metsi ho na le mohlolo o ikhethileng - phetoho ho tataiso ea maqhubu. Maqhubu a maoatle a mang kaofela ha a fetohe selemo se seng le se seng, ha a ntse a le mehleng ea Maindia a apareloa ke meea: mariha a ba le monsoon, ka lehlabula a ba a bohlokoa haholo.

Kaha metsi a tebileng a tsoa Leoatleng le Lefubelu le Persia Gulf, hoo e ka bang metsi a mangata a na le letsoai le ntseng le eketseha le karolo e tlaase ea oksijene.

Shores

Ka bophirimela le ka leboea-bochabela haholo mabenkele a mabōpong a leoatle, ha a le ka leboea-bophirimela le ka bochabela - matsoalloa a naha. Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, lebōpo la leoatle le batla le bataletse, le le thata ka mokhoa o fokolang ka bophara ba metsi a fanoeng. Sebaka se ka thōko ke karolo e karolong e karolong e karolong e karolong e ka leboea-ena ke moo boholo ba maoatle a leoatle la Indian li tsepamisitsoeng teng.

Baahi

Botebo bo fokolang ba boima ba Leoatle la Indian bo na le baemeli ba bangata ba mefuta ea liphoofolo le limela tsa meroho. Leoatle la Indian le itšetlehile ka libaka tse chesang le tse chesang le tse mongobo. Shoals e tletse likorale le hydrocoral, tseo har'a tsona ho nang le mefuta e mengata ea mefuta e mengata ea batho ba sa tsebeng letho. Tsena ke libōkō, likhoka, li-urchins tsa leoatle, linaleli le liphoofolo tse ling. Palo e kholo ea litlhapi tsa tropike tse khanyang li fumana sebaka sa bolulo libakeng tsena. Libaka tsa leoatle li na le mangrove a ruileng, moo ho fapanyetsanoang ha seretse ho theohile - tlhapi ena e ka phela nako e telele ntle le metsi.

Lipalesa le liphoofolo tse mabōpong a leoatle tse nang le maqhubu a maholo li futsanehile haholo, kaha mahlaseli a letsatsi a chesa a senya bophelo bohle mona. Lebanta le leka-lekaneng ka kutloisiso ena le fapane le ho feta: ho na le khetho e ntle ea li-algae le li-invertebrates.

Leoatle le bulehileng le ruile haholo ka libōpuoa tse phelang - baemeli ba lihlopha tsa liphoofolo le limela tsa meroho.

Liphoofolo tse kholo ke li-copepods. Mefuta e fetang lekholo ea tsona e lula metsing a Leoatle la Indian. Li-mollusks, li-siphonophores, jellyfish le likokoanyana tse ling tse se nang mokokotlo li batla li lekana hantle le palo ea mefuta. Ka metsing a leoatle ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea litlhapi tse fofang, lishaka, li-anchovies tse khanyang, tuna, linonyana tsa leoatle. Li-whales, li-pine, likoloi tsa leoatle, li-dugong li tloaelehile metsing ana.

Libaka tse nang le masiba li emeloa ke albatross, frigates le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-penguin.

Litšebeletso tsa diminerale

Metsi a Leoatle la Indian a ntlafatsa oli. Ho phaella moo, majoe a leoatle le manganese, phosphates, lihlahisoa tse tala tsa potassium tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho nosetsa linaha tsa temo li ruile.