Ural puo lelapa: puo typology

Ural puo lelapa ke e ka thoko ikemetseng puo lelapa. Palo ea lipuo tse bajari ba setho sa sehlopha sena tse ka bang mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano milione batho, haholo-holo ba phelang ho teritorrii Europe Leboea-Bophirimela.

Boemo ba lipuo Uralic

Puo atileng ka ho fetisisa ke Ural Sehungary, Sefinnishe, SeEstonia, e leng lipuo tse molaoli Hungary, Finland le Estonia, ka ho latellana, le ka European Union. The lipuo tse ling tse Ural, le palo e khōlō ea bajari - puo Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt le Komi, tse ka molao o ile a hlokomela libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa Russia.

Lebitso "puo Ural lelapa" derives ho tswa ho ha e le hantle hore sebakeng seo ho sona ba buang lipuo tsena, e teng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli tsa Ural Mountains. Ho phaella moo, lehae la lona pele (kapa baholo-holo ba lapeng) e ka tloaelo ho nkoa hore ke tšimo sebakeng se haufi le Urals ena.

Poleloana e reng "Finno-Ugric" ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa e le synonyme bakeng Urals, le hoja ke karolo feela ea lelapa puo, 'me u se ke ua kenyeletsa lipuo Samoyed. Bo-rasaense ba sa amohela khopolo ea setso hore lipuo Samoyed ke karolo mehaho ea Urals e, sisinya ho qhelela ka thōko ba se ke ba lelapa lena. Ka mohlala, rasaense ea Sefinnishe Tapani Salminen nahana mantsoe ana a mabeli ka ho fapanyetsana.

Lekala ea lelapa puo Ural

lipuo Ural - puo lelapa, e kenyeletsang makala a mabeli:

• Finno-Ugric;
• Samoyed.

The planar tsa Finno-Ugric le Samoyed lipuo hlomamisa E. Setälä. Bo-rasaense ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore nakong e fetileng hōle-hōle ea Ural puo-botlaaseng le ponahalo ea eona Finno-Ugric le Samoyed lipuo. Le hoja lentsoe "Uralic" teng litabeng tsa saense ka nako e telele, thuto ea tsa Finno-Ugric le Samoyed lipuo e etsoa hangata e le ka ho itšehla thajana, hammoho le ho feta voluminous khopolo ea "Uralic", ho sa na le ea lekala ea lipuo e le "Finno-Ugric" eo hlahloba le Finno-Ugric lipuo.

The tlhophiso ea lipuo tsa Uralic

The tlhophiso ea setso ea lipuo tsa Uralic teng ho tloha lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong morao. O ile a fana ka Richard Donner. Model tlhophiso Doner thabela khafetsa qotse ka botlalo kapa e sa fella ka li-encyclopedia, libukeng le dipatlisiso Ural lelapa. Donner ea mohlala ke tsela e latelang:

Finno-Ugric sehlopha:

1. Ugric lipuo, har'a bona:

• Sehungary;
• Ob,-Ugric (ob, Ugrs);
• lipuo tsa Khanty-Mansi.

2. Finno-Permian (Permian-Sefinnishe) lipuo:

• Permian (Udmurt);
• Sefinnishe-Volga (Sefinnishe-Mari);
• Volga-Finnic;
• Mari;
• Mordovia.

3. Finno-Sami;

• ea Sefinnishe;
• Sami.

Ka makhetlo a Donner Samoyed lipuo tse ntse hampe tsebahalang, 'me o ne a sa khone ho rarolla mathata ana thutong. Kaha ba ile ba tsebahala ka ho mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ba ile ba behoa tlas'a hlahlobisisoa. Ka terminologicos tsa lelapa puo Ural ka kakaretso, lebitso la "ea Finno-Ugric sehlopha" le e ntse sebelisoa kajeno ka synonyme bakeng sa lelapa lohle. Finno-Ugric le Samoyed lipuo tse ka makala a maholo ba lelapa Ural.

Seo ba lichaba ho matleng a lelapa le puo Ural?

The batho ba bangata ka ho fetisisa ba buang lipuo tsa lelapa Ural tse Hungarians. Libui letsoalloa la puo ea Sehungary - ka pyatnadtsami milione. The Finns hape e matleng a hae hore lichaba li Ural, ea baahi ba Finland - ba ka bang limilione tse tšeletseng tse batho. Estonians phelang Europe Bophirimela, hape bua Finno-Ugric lipuo (Baltic ea lekala) le e matleng a hae hore lichaba li Ural. lipuo tsena kaofela ho na le le kamano e ka toka haufi tsa lexical, e leng hape e bopa e substratum puo bitsoa puo Ural lelapa. Nations eo hape ho matleng a ea lekala lena puo, ke ka tlaase ho moo a mangata.

Ka mohlala, e ke Mari, lichaba Erzya le Komi, Udmurtia. Ba bang kaofela ba lipuo tse sa Ugric ke le haufi le ho fela. Haholo-holo ho se tšoane kgolo ka Ural puo hokahanngoang tataiso. Ural puo lelapa - e sa tšoaneng haholo le sebopeho sa naha e pharaletseng puo ea lekala Europe. Hokahanngoang le sebōpeho-puo ea lipuo tsa Uralic ba nkoa e le thata haholo ho ithuta ka lebaka ba fapane haholo le lipuo tsa Europe.