Tsamaiso e khopo Extrapyramidal: mafu extrapyramidal

tsamaiso e khopo extrapyramidal   - neural marangrang tsamaisong bohareng methapo, e leng ha e feta ka tsamaiso corticospinal kapa pyramidal, empa, leha ho le joalo, o laola le laola mokhatlo oa. Ka lebaka leo, ho ke ke ha e le karolo ea ophthalmogyric tsamaiso. A marangrang neural Ho thehoa libakeng boko kang pons le medulla oblongata, tsoela pele ho thapo lesapo la mokokotlo.

A bua ka e le tsela e sa tobang ea Tshebediso ya ya mosebetsi ya metsamao ya mmele, tsamaiso extrapyramidal ke haholo-holo ka setotsoana taolo ea ho leka-lekana, tšebelisano, mele, mesifa molumo, reflexes. Ka mohlala, ha motho a leka ho boloka mele (a lula kapa emela), ka nako eo ka nako ena ka mosebetsi hokahangoa e ngata mesifa. tšebelisano ena e tlasa taolo e sa tobang ea litseleng extrapyramidal, e leng ho skeletal-lesapo la mokokotlo tseleng tektospinalnogo pampitšana reticulospinal pampitšana 'me pampitšana rubrospinalnogo.

Ka ho ya ka ho iphetola ha lintho ea tsamaiso extrapyramidal ke tsamaiso ea ho fetisisa ea boholo-holo ea ho ikoetlisa, e leng ke ho le thata ho hlalosa, ka karolo ka lebaka la ho kenya letsoho litseleng tsa lona karolo le ditshwaelo tsa loops. Leha ho le joalo, ho ka ba   E e arotsoe tsamaiso ea tse tharo   Control: cortical sa tobang tsela, feedbacks le bonwang, utluwang, skeletal litseleng.

Anatomically oona tsamaisong extrapyramidal   Ho na le lihlopha tsa methapo ea kutlo tse bakoang boko, ho akarelletsa le khubung khubelu, e ka holimo utloe quadrigemina, reticular sebopeho, skeletal khubu. Large khubelu khubung axons theha pampitšana rubrospinalny, ho thusa ho laola le motsamao oa maoto le matsoho e ka holimo. Skeletal nuclei amanang le tsebe e ka hare, le cerebellum le khoele lesapo la mokokotlo, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa le skeletal-lesapo la mokokotlo pampitšana bakeng postural balaoli molaleng, hlooho, 'mele o le maoto le matsoho. mapheong holimo quadrigemina etsa pampitšana tektospinalny ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nahana le mekhatlo ea hlooho le mahlo a (jwalo ka koalo eyelid pele le 'mele oa linaheng tse ling o fumana ka leihlo la). Qetellong, sebopeho reticular ea ikarabellang ka pampitšana reticulospinal amehang taolo mesifa.

maemo a itseng kapa mafu a ama tsamaiso ea extrapyramidal, etsahala mafu a mesifa molumo, mele, mafu reflex. 'maloa ba le matšoao, a bua ka lefu la ka extrapyramidal, kapa matšoao a extrapyramidal (EPS), o ile a re ka lebaka la lithethefatsi neuroleptic hore na le phello boko le litseleng tsa lona. Antipsychotics li sebelisetsoa ho tšoara lefu la psychotic kang bokuli ba ho kopana hlooho, ho hloka taolo schizoaffective kapa psychotic ho tepella maikutlo.

Mehlala ea EBL - akinesia, akathisia, torticollis, dyskinesia, dystonia. Ke mafu a extrapyramidal akarelletsa "mmutla lefu," o ile a bontša khafetsa involuntary morethetho mekhatlo perioral mesifa, e leng e etsa hore ke nako e telele ho noa la neuroleptics. syndrome, ena e ka tloaelo ho amanang le tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi tse kang haloperidol, pimozide, fluphenazine, olanzopin, clozapine, risperidone. Ka bomalimabe, ha ho bonolo ho phekola. Ha mokuli a e hloka meriana antipsychotic, ka nkhothaletsa atypical antipsychotics - kvetialin, remoxipride, le baeti ba fihlelang ho ea eona e le lintho tse ngata ha ho bonolo ho ba sesosa sa ho "lefu mmutla".

lefu Extrapyramidal etsa hore mekhatlo involuntary mesifa kapa spasms tsa sefahleho 'me a molaleng. E develops ha phetiso ya neurotransmitter dopamine insufficiently laolwa. Motho a ka tšoaroa ke lefu extrapyramidal ka lebaka o ile a fumana ntho e utloisang bohloko boko ntsa kotsi kapa lefu Parkinson, empa lebaka le ka sehloohong ke bohloko ba itšoara joang ka lithethefatsi antipsychotic. Phekolo ke ke ho hlokahala, ho seng joalo le ho kena-kenana ha nako e ntse ba tse rarahaneng haholo. Phekolo hangata ikemiseditse ho hlwaya le ho felisa lintho tse bakang mahlomola.