Tiiso mefuta. Kamoo mefuta ea litiiso na tse ngata

Litiiso - lebitso le tloaelehileng la liphoofolo tse anyesang Marine, e kopanyang baemeli ba malapa a mabeli: hona joale le ka litiiso eared. Lekane ho sokameng ka naha, ba ile ba sesa admirably tlas'a metsi. Traditional sebakeng phelang bona - libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle tsa latitudes boroa le e ka leboea. Tiiso mefuta e teng linthong tsa tlhaho, tse fapaneng haholo, empa ka nako e tšoanang ka ponahalo ea bona, mekhoa le tsela ea bophelo ea litšobotsi tse ngata tloaelehileng.

litiiso Origin

E o tsejoa hore baholo-holo ba liphoofolo tse anyesang pinnipeds bolokolohi hang tsamaile lefatše. Hamorao, mohlomong ka lebaka la ho a ntseng a mpefala maemo a leholimo, ba ile ba tlameha ho theoha ka metsing. Tabeng ena, ka ho fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe liqibi 'nete le eared ba bile teng ba le liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng.

Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore baholo-holo ba ba teng, kapa ba tloaelehileng, litiiso ne libōpuoa tse joaloka otters hore lilemo tse limilione tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse fetileng etsahetseng nakong e North Atlantic. Otariids ho feta ea boholo-holo - baholo-holo ba hae, cynomolgus liphoofolo tse anyesang, lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano tse limilione tse fetileng ba ne ba lula ka latitudes ka leboea ea Leoatle la Pacific.

Ho se tšoane ka sebopeho 'mele

Amaneng tšimoloho ea lihlopha tsena tse peli tsa litiiso tiisa le phapang e bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa masapo bona. Kahoo, tiiso ho tloaelehile hore batho ka naha hoo e ka bang khone ho iketsetsa letho. Ka lebōpong o ne a robetse ka mpeng ea hae, mapheo a hae ka pele ho khomarela tsoa ka mahlakoreng le morao ba hulela ka hammoho fatše joaloka mohatla tlhapi le tseleng. Ho susumelletsa pele, phoofolo e tlameha ho lula a qhoma, ho fallela 'mele oa hao e boima haholo.

tiiso Eared, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e ka tieo motheo o tiileng ka maoto le matsoho 'ohle a mane. Ka nako e tšoanang mapheo lona pele li matla mesifa e lekaneng ea ho mamella ka boima ba 'mele ka toka mohlomong' mele, ha a ntse a ka morao e sa hulela morao, le malala pele 'me ba tsamaisa tlas'a mpa. Hangata phoofolo ena o tsoela "waddling", ho sebelisa mapheoana tsohle tse ho tshebetso ya ho tsamaea, 'me ka' na "hobble" ka lebelo le hlomphehang haholo haeba ho hlokahala. Kahoo, tiiso e khona ho matha hammoho lebōpong majoe, esita le ka lebelo le fetang le motho oa nama.

Ka litiiso e phaphametse

The mapheo pel'a litiiso eona e nyenyane haholo ho feta ka morao ho. Ea bobeli kamehla hula khutlela 'me u se ke ua inama ka lenonyello le serethe. Ba ba a sa khone ho sebeletsa e le tšehetso e neng tsamaea ka naha, empa ka metsi le phoofolo swims leboha ho bona, e etsa hore lichapo matla.

Eared tiiso susumelletsa ka metsing ka tsela e fapaneng haholo. Ho sa phaphamala joaloka Penguin ka, ka sebete ho sebetsa forelegs. Khama e tšehali mapheo a feela sebetsa joaloka rudder ka.

tlhaloso kakaretso

mefuta e fapaneng ya litiiso haholo fapana ka bolelele (by hoo e ka bang e mong le halofo ho limithara tse ka likhoeli tse tseletseng) le boima ba 'mele (ba batona - ho tloha ka dikilogeramo mashome a supileng ho lithane tse tharo). The kholo ka ho fetisisa har'a litiiso ba tloaelehileng - litiiso tlou, le nyenyane ka ho fetisisa - ringed liqibi. litiiso Eared, e le busa, a ke ke ka e khōlō. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ho bona, tau leoatle, ka hōla ho fihlela ho limithara tse 'nè le boima ho feta ho se hokae ho feta ton ka. Ho tse nyenyane, Kerch boea tiiso - tiiso, bekha feela ka tse lekholo dikilogeramo ho ea fihla e-ba bolelele ba limithara tse 'ngoe le halofo. Ka litiiso ntshetswa dimorphism thobalano - batona haholo outperform boima le 'mele ea bona e motšehali boholo.

sebopeho tiiso 'mele e sebakeng se loketseng loketseng bakeng sa mokhatlo oa bonolo ka metsing. Kaofela ha bona ba na le 'mele o molelele o, e le nako e telele, tenyetsehang molaleng, e khutšoanyane empa hantle-hlalosoa mohatla. Hlooho hangata e nyenyane, 'me litsebe tsa ke ka ho hlaka bonahalang feela liqibi le eared; ho utloeng ena e tšoanang makala a masoba nyane mahlakoreng a hlooho.

Ho kopanya litiiso tsohle ho ba teng ha e tenya mafura subcutaneous, e nolofalletsa e ntle mocheso lebenkeleng ka metsi a batang. Tyulenyata mefuta e mengata li tsoaloa, koahetsoeng ka boea le letšo-letšo, tse se fetang libeke tse tharo ( 'mala oa eona, hangata e tšoeu). Tiise ea sebele (batho ba baholo) o na le letlalo la hlooho kaba le se phatlalletsoang podpushka le tlou litiiso hang amohuoa mo hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng. Ha e le liqibi le eared, ba na le downy podpushka, ke lehlakoreng le leng, e ka ba le letšo-letšo haholo, 'me ka liqibi' me ka ba motho e moholo phehella teteaneng boea baki.

tsela ea bophelo

litiiso fetisisa ahileng libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle - moo ka tlas'a metsi maqhubu bochaba ho tloha botebong ba 'mele oa metsi tletse libōpuoa tse nyenyane. Libakeng tsena, ke ile ka fumana e ngata liphoofolo tse nyenyane tsa metsing. O ile a, le eena, a jeoa ke tlhapi, tse jeoa ke liqibi.

Ke carnivore. tiiso e na le sebōpeho sa meno, a tšoanang le liphoofolo tse anyesang jang nama. O khetha ho tsoma ka qoela ka bolibeng. Ntle le tlhapi, litiiso ja crayfish, makhala cephalopods. Leopard litlhaselo tsa tiiso Penguin ka linako tse ling le tse ling tse, e nyenyane, liqibi.

libōpuoa tsena tse phethahetseng ikamahanya le maemo ho batang. Ba hangata metsi phelang ka eona, ho tsoa ka naha ho robala le linakong tsa moulting le ho ikatisa. Ha dives tiiso, linkong tsa hae le openings tsebe li koaloa ka thata-thata, se ke ra lumella metsi ho kena. Fetisisa litiiso thusang mafutsana ho se bone, empa mahlo a hae a ikamahanya le maemo ho boloka mokhatlo oa metsi a ba tsamaisa ka khanya e nyenyane.

ho ikatisa

Nakong ea ho ikatisa mefuta e ngata ea litiiso tsa 'nete bopa para ya. Sethepu ke feela tlou liqibi le tiiso ea bohlooho. Bokhachane tse tšehali nka ho tloha matsatsi a 280 ho 350, ka mor'a moo leseli le hlaha cub mong - ke bonang ka mokhoa o le ka botlalo thehoa. 'Mè a fepa mo lebese mafura a tloha libeke tse' maloa ho ka khoeli, ho emisa ho nyantsha ka nako eo ha tyulenonok ntse a sa khone ho hlahisa lijo tsa bona. Bakeng sa nakoana bana ba bang ba lapile, ho pholoha ka ho qhekella le mehloli bokeletseng ea mafura.

Ka lebaka la ho teteaneng boea tšoeu, matlalo a le tšireletso hoo e ka bang imperceptible ka semelo sa lehloa, tyulenonok sa tsoa tsoaloa e sebelelitseng lebitso la boswaswi "belok". Tiiso, Leha ho le joalo, hase kamehla ho hlahile tšoeu: hares malinyane a leoatle, ho etsa mohlala, ea mohloaare-sootho ka 'mala. Ka tloaelo ho, tse tšehali leka ho pata bana ba ka "mekoti" ea lehloa pakeng hummocks leqhoa, e leng thusa hore ho ho pholoha bona molemo.

Eared litiiso nakong ea ho ikatisa eang mehlape toka kgolo ka libakeng tse poteletseng e lebōpong la leoatle le lihlekehlekeng. Oa pele oa ho hlaha ka e le mabopong a ba batona, tse leka ho inkela libakeng tse ngata, lokisetsa loana le mong le e tse ling. Hape ho na le e tšehali ka rookery ena. Ka mor'a nako e itseng, e mong le e ba bona ba e tsoala cub, 'me nakoana ka mor'a moo, hape di behuwe ka bobedi le e motona ba tsoela pele ho sireletsa sebaka sa eona. Mabifi otariids motona a e-shoa le qetellong ea nako ea selemo ho ikatisa. Ebe liphoofolo ba qala nako e eketsehileng le ho feta ho qeta ka metsing. Ka latitudes bate, ba fallela ho qeta ea mariha ho na le, e leng a batla a futhumetseng le ho feta maemo a molemo ka ho 'na a le haufi le libaka tsa rookeries bona selemo ho pota.

Molemo ka ho fetisisa tsejoa mefuta litiiso

Ka lelapa la liqibi, ho latela mehloli e sa tšoaneng, e le ho tloha le somerobedi ho mefuta e mashome a mabeli a metso e mene.

Tsena li akarelletsa:

• Monk tiiso (tšoeu-mankholi, Hawaii, Caribbean);
• tlou litiiso (leboea le boroa);
• Ross tiiso;
• Weddell litiiso;
• tiise-cynomolgus;
• lengau tiiso;
• Bearded (leoatle mutla);
• Hooded litiiso;
• ba tloaelehileng le bona litiiso;
• litiiso (Baikalian, Caspian le ringed);
• ea bohlooho tiiso;
• harepa litiiso;
• Cape (metsero tiiso).

mefuta eohle ea tiiso ea lelapa lena ba emetsweng liphoofolo tsa Russia.

eared litiiso

liphoofolo ea kajeno e akarelletsa mefuta e leshome le metso e mene kapa lesometlhano ea litiiso eared. Di hlophisitsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tse kholo (subfamily).

Sehlopha sa pele se akarelletsa liqibi, tse akarelletsang:

• Northern (mofuta feela ea lebitso tšoanang);
• Southern (Amerika Boroa, New Zealand, Galapagos, Kerguelen, fernandessky, Cape, Guadeloupe, subantarctic).

Sehlopha sa bobeli se thehoa litau leoatle :

• Sivuchya (leboea);
• California;
• Galapagos;
• Japanese;
• boroa;
• Australia;
• New Zealand.

Ka metsing a liqibi Russia tsa lelapa lena hlahiswa Steller litau leoatle le liqibi ka leboea boea.

O ile a sireletsa mefuta ea litiiso

Ka lebaka la ho kenella ha a sebetsang a batho bophelong ba tlhaho, mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo, ho akarelletsa le liqibi, kajeno le kotsing ea ho fela.

Kahoo, ka le Lefubelu Book la Russia tlalehiloeng mefuta e 'maloa ea litiiso. Sena litau leoatle phelang ka Kuril le Molaoli Islands le Kamchatka sebakeng. Eo hape a bitsoang ka seoelo matheba tiiso, kapa Larga, phelang ka Bochabela bo Hōle. O ile a sireletsa e hona joale ho nkoa e le tiiso ea bohlooho dlinnomordy kapa tevyak. E fumanoa Leoatleng Baltic le Murmansk lebōpong le. Le haufi le ho felisa ile ringed tiiso - Hōle bohlokoa tiiso lihlapi.

The Red Book ea Ukraine e na le tlaleho ea moitlami tiiso. Paballo maemo a mefuta e thathamisitsoeng ka "sieo." Ena ke phoofolo e lihlong haholo e na le bokgoni ba tlaase ho ikatisa 'me ha baa mamella haufi ho ba teng ha motho. Feela tse ka bang leshome lipara tsa litiiso moitlami lule ho Leoatle le Letšo, 'me ka lefatše la kajeno palo ea tsona e na le motho ka mong ha ho na tse fetang makholo a mahlano.

tiiso tloaelehile hore batho ba

litiiso Harbor tse ajoang ka mabopo tsa maoatle e ka leboea ea Europe. mofuta ona wa ea ho phela e batlang e sedentary, khetha ka kakaretso Stony kapa lehlabathe libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle, lihlekehleke likou tebang le braids le estuaries. Lijo ka sehloohong e sebeletsa litlhapi le invertebrates phelang metsing.

Malinyane a atisa ho hlahile ba litiiso e lebōpong pakeng tsa May le July, 'me lihora tse seng kae ka mor'a tsoalo ba romeloa ka metsing. lebese la 'mè, li ja ka khoeli le ho ba le nako ea ho fumana lijo tsa ena nang le phepo ho dikilogeramo mashome a mararo. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore le litiiso lebese motšehali o fumana e kholo chelete ea tšepe e boima' me chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka lebaka la litlhapi jeoa ke e, malinyane a mangata fumana a kula 'me a shoa.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore mefuta ena e sa ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka a sireletsa ka, ka mohlala, bona liqibi le tiiso ringed, e boetse e hloka ho ba le boikutlo bona ba hlokolosi ho uena, hobane linomoro lona butle-butle fokotseha.

tiiso cynomolgus

Antarctic litiiso cynomolgus hona joale o nkoa e le mefuta e ka ho fetisisa bongata ba tiiso lefatšeng. Ho ea ka likhakanyo tse fapa-fapaneng, palo ea fihleleng sefateng lona ho batho ba lilemo tse supileng ho ea ho tse mashome a mane a - ho ka makhetlo a mane ho feta palo ea litiiso tse ding tsohle.

Size batho ba baholo - ho fihlela ho limithara tse peli le halofo, ba ne ba boima dikilogeramo tse peli ho tse makholo a mararo. Ho thahasellisang ke hore ba batšehali ea mefuta ena ea litiiso tse kholoanyane hanyenyane ho feta ba batona. liphoofolo tsena phela ka Southern Ocean, hoholeha haufi le lebōpo la leoatle ka ea lehlabula 'me ka ho oa falla leboea.

Ba fepa hangata ka krill (crustaceans nyane Antarctic), sena thusa hore ho ea sebopeho khethehileng ea mehlahare bona.

Ba ka sehloohong e le lira tsa tlhaho ea litiiso cynomolgus ke lengau tiiso le 'molai leruarua. Ea pele ke le kotsi haholo-holo ho liphoofolo ba banyenyane le ba se nang phihlelo. From maruarua bolokoa liqibi, ka hlollang matjato itahlela ka floes leqhoa metsi.

lengau tiiso

Sena se tiiso metsing hase oa lefeela "namesake" tšosang liphoofolo tse li jang tsa lelapa katse. Bolotsana le ba sehlōhō setsomi se, o ile a ha e dikahare ho khetheha tlhapi, mahlatsipa hae ke penguin, skuas, liinoli li le linonyana tse ling. Hangata o ne a hlasela esita le ka litiiso tse nyenyane.

Meno a phoofolo ena tse nyenyane, empa bohale haholo 'me tsoarellang. Tsebahalang maemo a ho litlhaselo tse ka litiiso lengau batho. Joaloka "naha" lengau liphoofolo tse li jang ka leoatle ka letlalo spotty: ka e lefifi ea bohlooho semelo sa ka lootho hasane matheba ntsho.

Hammoho le 'molai leruarua metsing lengau e nkoa e mong oa liphoofolo tse li jang bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e ka boroa sebakeng Polar. Tiise fihla holim'a limithara tse tharo le halofo ka bolelele le bekha dikilogeramo ho feta tse makholo a mane le mashome a mahlano khona ho fallela ka lebelo hlollang hammoho bohale ba hoholeha leqhoa. Tse qotsitsoeng, e le busa, a ileng a hlasela ka metsing.

Leopard tiiso - e le eena feela ea litiiso, e leng etsa hore motheong oa lijo tsa libōpuoa tse mofuthu-sehloho,.