The Red Book tsa sebakeng Kaluga: liphoofolo le limela, 'me li-mushroom. Enumeration, libōpeho le tlhaloso

The Red Book tsa Region Kaluga (liphoofolo le limela e - ka taba ea sehlooho sa rōna) - tokomane e ntshitsweng ka 2006. E thehiloe ka taelo ea 'muso ka naha ka 1998. Sena se akarelletsa le ba lintho tse phelang hore ba hloka haholoanyane sechaba, hobane palo ea tsona e fokolang haholo. Lethathamong le ka e hahoa ka tsela eo ka eona le mefuta e ka thōko, hoo e batlang e nyamela (o ile a bontša ka ho unit trust a), 'me ba ithuta baahi ithutile leha ho le joalo (palo 4). Ka bomalimabe, ho na le ba ileng ba ka ho feletseng nyamela sebakeng seo. Bo fapaneng ba ke sebele ba bohlokoa 0.

lethathamo lena ke kholo ka ho lekaneng, re tla tsamaea ka maqephe tsa Red Book ea sebaka se Kaluga, e bontša lintho tse phelang tšoauoa ka "1" - ba le bonyane tse ngata.

Li-fungus, mosses le boriba

Taba ea pele, a re ka baemeli ba 'muso oa li-fungus, mosses le boriba. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore tlas'a tšireletso ea Red Book tsa Kaluga naheng ea habo bona ke palo e khōlō. Har'a li-mushroom ba ho fetisisa a amehile ka qetello ea nyeoe ea bona, ho etsa mohlala, ka tsela ena.

Sarcosome chitja. Ena fungus e sa tloaelehang haholo ke e thahasellisang haholo mefuta e. Ho tšoana le ho lekaneng kgolo (bophara 10 cm) le keg metsi, recessed ka boriba. Mmala - sootho-sootho.

E tlameha ho ka boleloa hore li-mushroom, e haholo ananela ka moriana. Itseng folisa e le hantle ya sephalli eo e tletse 'mele litholoana. E sebediswa bakeng sa rheumatism, ho imolla tsitsipano ea methapo, feela joalokaha dithulaganyo ntle stimulant.

Ramariopsis ntle. fungus e ena ka fumanoa ka matsoapo a ommeng thabisa; a khetha meru deciduous le ea ruileng humus mobu. Hola qetellong ea lehlabula le ho fihlela October, haholo-holo "lelapa", sheba joaloka lihlahla tse nyenyane. Fokotsa palo ha e so ka ithuta ka ho feletseng. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore lebaka - izvetnyakovyh mefuta phofu libakeng ea ho hōla.

Har'a mosses ka khetholla Kalliergon seqhenqha. E fumanoa ka mokhoabo oo, creeks, bonolo hore overgrowing. 30-cm, bolelele ba letlobo justifies sa lebitso la boriba.

The Red Book ea sebaka se Kaluga lefang hloko le ho ferns. Ho joalo, Millipede tloaelehileng, ho hōla ka crevices ea mafika le majoe - the diminutive ts'oara ka letsohong. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ke feela ka libaka bohareng ba semela se phelang ka tse ling tse (epiphyte) le li sebelisa feela e le motheo bakeng sa ho hōla.

litlama

Nahana hore ntse e na le lethathamo la lona la Red Data Book ea sebaka se Kaluga. Liphoofolo le limela tse ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka eona tse fapa-fapaneng haholo. Ha re bua ka litlama, re lokela ho hlokomela sparganium, lijo-thollo le ho petetsana. Ba fapana feela ka sebōpeho sa makhasi. Ka lijo-thollo ba thinner. Metsi dimela, khetha e hloekileng letšeng metsi.

Masiba joang bo - mong dimela khethehileng sireletsoa. Nakong e fetileng, e ne e le frequenter le tloaelehileng la ho masabasabeng le masimo, Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa moruo le likhomo fula behile semela tlas'a tšokelo ea ho fela. Hlwaya mofuta oa lijo-thollo haholo bonolo: le moriri o motle, joaloka masiba a matha hammoho mokokotlo.

The Red Book tsa Kaluga sebakeng, li-fungus, dimela tse ho nahana, recharged le sedge. A re ke re baahi ba e nyenyane haholo ea limela - sedge Hartmann. Ho khetha mobu le mongobo ha meru deciduous, mabōpong a matamo. Fihla ho fihlela ho 70 cm, nako e telele, a ile a beha bakoang spikelet, se makala a ka botlaaseng.

Lipalesa le e khahlehang inflorescences tšoeu - anthericum se makala a, 'me le sirelelitsoe ka naha Kaluga. Ho khetha mobu calcareous, e omeletseng chabile glade. Hangata ka ho fetisisa e le bohale morung o. Tse hlaha, ka seoelo, 'me hangata li lema serapeng le libakeng tse ea teropong.

lifate

Har'a lifate tsa hore di na le dipegelo Red Book la Kaluga sebakeng (liphoofolo le limela tse ho lona, ka tsela eo, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe) ho ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela moluoane, Lapp le Blueberry. Pele khetha hore e hōle ka mokhoabo oo, noselitsoeng hantle. Ho tloha ka nako ea ho qetela ho fetisisa ba bona ba e minyelelitse, sefate se e-shoa. Ke shrub tse nyenyane, e fihla limithara tse peli. Koahetsoeng ka whitish siea ka mofuta oa edging.

Ea bilberry moluoane kopanya lefifi makhapetla pherese le e khanyang, hanyenyane type genus makhasi. Tlaase shrub, e ntse e hōla ka bogs.

sefate se seng tse nyenyane - Used Erez Squat. O ile a boela khetha mobu mokhoabo. makala a masesaane ka ho feletseng koahetsoeng ka makhasi tse nyenyane 'me warts. Ikhethang tšobotsi - ho sheba masale. Ho le haufi le ho fela ka lebaka la ho se hlahlobang batho ba libaka tse mongobo tsa peat tse qotsitsoeng.

likokoanyana

The Red Book ea sebaka se Kaluga, liphoofolo le limela tseo - taba ea sehlooho sena e na le palo e khōlō ea mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana. Baemeli ba mofuta ona wa palo phahameng ka ho fetisisa lenane la ho. A re ke re nahana ka e sa tloaelehang ka ho fetisisa.

Pele, e lokela ho ile a re ka maleshoane fatše. Ba baemeli ba lelapa eponymous ke ka seoelo haholo naheng Kaluga. Ho joalo, w Le uzhelitsa bohlale khetha meru phaene, moo e preys ka likokoanyana tse ling. Lebitso ipuella: a khanyang 'mele tala le matovyj khauta.

Litekanyo likarolelano fapana ho fihlela ho 18 limilimithara. Hape li haella Carabus Clathratus le pherese. Nyamele la dimela ka lebaka la ho timetsoa ha habitats bona ka batla mobung matsoai. Hape phetha bohlokoa meru karolo ea chefo ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.

Baahi ba bolokoe selemo ke e boetse e kotsing. mala kokoanyana ena ke khauta e botala bo fihla boholo bo peli centimetric. mapheo a lekaneng. Di theohela tlase tlas'a liqubu tsa moiteli. lintlha fokotsa tse amanang, fetisisa ka etsahala hore ebe, le ho timetsoa ha habitats.

Re lokela ho hlokomela, 'me mefuta e' meli ea bronzovok - boreleli le benyang. maleshoane tsena ke o tsotehang haholo boholo (ho fihlela ho ka 3 cm) khetha ho rarolla ka lifate, moo makhapetla e bolileng 'me a ho hlahisa bana. Smooth chafer na le 'mala oa khauta-e tala,' me e khanyang - Metal tsepahale borapeling bo hloekileng. Ka sehloohong fokotsa Ntlha e - ho rema ba boholo-holo, lifate tse bolileng, habitats bronzovok.

linonyana

Re lokela ho hlokomela, 'me kotsing ea ho fela linonyana tsa sebaka Kaluga. Tšosoa ke litho tse ngata tsa lelapa lena, empa e latelang haholo-holo le tšosang.

Dubrovnik. Sena makhulong occupant le joang phahameng amana Passerine. A nonyana fallang ho joalo e nyenyane palo e loketseng ho phokotsong ea libaka tse loketseng bakeng sa nesting.

Ortolan - le leng hape moemeli oa passerine. Ena e nyenyane-boholo bo lekaneng nonyana e na le bohlooho-tala mmala. Oatmeal - linonyana tse fallang, nesting fihla.

Small o motsho e sataletseng grebe le - waterfowl, ha ba fumane libaka homolog bakeng nesting sebakeng Kaluga. Ba khetha ho lula e le matangoana haholo overgrown.

liphoofolo tse anyesang

Bua ya Red Book ea sebaka se Kaluga, a se ke a letho ka phoofolo e anyesang. Ho khethehileng o ile a sireletsa bo-'mankhane mona, ho etsa mohlala, e leng seqhenqha noctule.

baemeli ba feline hape li haella tikolohong eo. Pele ke trab. Rare mona e le sootho bere le bison.

Liphoofolo tse anyesang - Liphoofolo moru, kahoo ho fokotseha ha palo ea tsona e loketseng ho ntshetsopele ya sebaka le narrowing habitats. Ho phaella moo, liphoofolo tse kang Kangna, kapa, ho etsa mohlala, mink - karolo ea khapo ea masholu a liphoofolo ka lebaka la boea ba bohlokoa haholo.