The likhukhuni ntoa ka 1812 ho loantša lebotho la Napoleon o

Likhukhuni Ntoa ea 1812 ke ntoa ba hlometseng ba ba bangata ba 'muso oa Russia, boholo ba balemi ba, hammoho le ho mabotho a Russia oa sesole ea ka morao' me ka libaka tsa ho bohlokoa khahlanong le masole a Napoleon o.

The balemi ba qala ho boithatelo hanela bafutuhi bolotsana ka Belarus le Lithuania mor'a ho ikhule ea lebotho Serussia. ntoa ea likhukhuni qalong boletsoe ka polls a ho lahloa kherehloa ea metseng le timetso ea fepa ka le lijo. Ka mafolofolo likhukhuni mokhatlo oa o ile a qala ho ntshetsa pele ho elella bofelong ba July-mathoasong a August ho Smolensk, 'me o ile Kaluga le Moscow liprofinseng, e akarelletsa ho lihlopha balemi hlophisitse litlhaselo tse ka lihlopha tse itseng tsa sera.

Sebelelitseng moholo botumo Lintoa tsa Bolumeli diyuniti S. Emelyanov, G. Kurin, V. Polovtsev, E. Chetvertakova V. Kozhina le ba bang. Borena ba qalong nkuwa le ho se tšepane le likhukhuni sisinyehang. Empa khahlanong le okametsoeng cheseho ho rata naha, tse ling landlords o ile a qala ho hlophisa la balemi likhukhuni diyuniti. Army diyuniti ile ha thehoa ho khanna tshebetso likhukhuni ka mor'a mela e leng eena sera. Pele unit trust e joalo, e bopilweng ka batho ba 130, e hlophisitsoe ke Colonel D. Davidov ho ea qetellong ea August 1812.

Bohlokwa tsa ntoa ea likhukhuni ka 1812 e ne e le bakeng sa molaoli e ka sehloohong, MI Kutuzov, ho thusa ho bōptjoa ha likhukhuni diyuniti lebotho le leholo, ho fana ka litaelo tse mabapi le maqiti a bona le libetsa. O ne a batla ho etsa bonnete ba hore likhukhuni ntoa e ile o laoloa ho merero lona mosolotogamaano le apara hlophisitsoeng. Ka September tsa lihlopha lebotho la likhukhuni kenyelleditswe 36 regiments Cossack 7 bapalami ba lipere regiments, 5 infantry regiments 5 squads, 3 battalion. masole a lebotho la eteletsoe pele ke ya data balaoli ba kang DV Davydov, AN Seslavin, KE Dorokhov, MA Fonvizin, AS Figner le ba bang.

A palo e khōlō ea diyuniti oona o kopanela ka lingangele diyuniti lebotho la kapa le sebedisana ka le bona. ntoa ea likhukhuni e ka mafolofolo ho etsa militia ena. Ka September le mathoasong a October, lihlopha likhukhuni (la balemi le lebotho la) o ile a pota-potiloe Moscow. Eo ba neng ba tsoa tlhaselo ea ka ea puisano ea sera, tšoara 'me a timetsa convoys foragers. bohlokoa haholo e ile khomaretse tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sera se ileng sa tsoa ho lihlopha likhukhuni, ea neng a hlophisa le tlhaselo ka garrisons sera le mehloli. Le mabotho a bona a khona ho lokolla metse e 'maloa (ka mohlala, Vereya).

libeke tse hlano ho se ho fetile ntoa ea Borodino, e guerilla ntoa baka tšenyo e bohlokoa ho masole Napoleonic (batho ba 30 000 ba ile ba bolaoa). Ka nako eo, ha ba lireng ikhula, ho likhukhuni tlatsetsa ka mafolofolo makhotla kamehla ka ho lelekisa le ho felisoa ha mabotho a lireng, ha ho bapala karolo e khōlō ho hlōloa ha masole a Napoleon o.

Bakeng sa melemo ea hona joale lihoai li ka bomong fuoa ka sebōpeho sa St. George le lifapano tse ling, empa ka kakaretso, monehelo bona ha e so ananeloa. The khau fetisisa chachehetseng ka mohono ka nako bakeng sa ho balemi ba e ne e tla ba 'nile ba e le hantle, ho felisoa ha serfdom. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaolwang ha e etsahala.