The liemahale tsa Renaissance: Foto le tlhaloso

Ho qaleha ha Renaissance hlahile ka kotara ea pele ea lekholo la lilemo la XIV. Dilemong tse makholo a lilemo tse tharo tse latelang, setso Renaissance ntshetswa pele ka lebelo le ka potlako, 'me feela ka lilemo tse mashome ho qetela tsa lekholo la lilemo la XVI e bile ea fokotseha ka. The tšobotsi khetholla ba Renaissance ka hore setso ka guises eohle ea eona ne a apara botho ba boipheliso, ha e ntse e laoloa anthropocentrism, ke hore ka bokapele ba ne ba le monna e mong, lithahasello tsa hae le mesebetsi e le motheo oa teng. Ka heyday tsa Renaissance sechabeng European ho ne ho thahasella khale. Ponahatso bonahalang ho fetisisa tsa setso Renaissance ne ka mokhoa oa "Renaissance" ka mehaho ena. Metheo e ya mehaho, ba bile teng ba ka makholo a lilemo, e ntlafalitsoeng, 'me hangata ho nka liforomo tse sa lebelloang.

Renaissance mehaho

The liemahale tsa Renaissance ne ke sa qalong jwale ha o ile a bolela. karolo ea bona e ile lekanyetsoa feela mokhabiso oa ditaelo meralo: Bas-reliefs ka cornices e, lihlooho, friezes le portals. Ho qaleha ha Renaissance ile tšoauoa ka tšusumetso ea ka mokhoa Romanesque tseleng eo a entseng dibopeho meralo le, hammoho le setaele e inextricably amahanngoa le metako leboteng, le litsoantso tse betliloeng e telele nile la sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa mokhabiso oa mekhabisong. Kahoo, ho na le e ne e le mokhoa oa "Renaissance" ka mehaho e, bonngoe bo sa lipotoloho khale le aesthetics le lecha. Nakong ea Renaissance mekhabisong ennobled liemahale. Penta le litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa Renaissance fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea mehaho ena. murals bonono ba ile ba behoa har'a liemahale ka 'mabole le boronse.

The mehaho ea Phahameng Renaissance

Ho hlaha ha e Renaissance ka boemong setso le sebaka sa pele ameha mehaho. The mehaho ea Phahameng Renaissance ile ntshetswa pele Roma, moo semelo sa nako fetileng o ile a qala ho etsa setaele ea sechaba. mehaho bonahala boholo, thibile nobleness le lipontšo tsa monumentality. Houses Roma ho ile ha hahoa ka molao-motheo oa centrally-axial setshwani. Mothehi oa mokhoa oa ho ngola e ncha e ne e le D'Angelo Donato Bramante, ka talente meralo ea bōpileng Basilica ea Mohalaleli Petrose e ka Vatican.

mekhoa sebelisana

Ha nako e ntse, e Renaissance litsoantso tse betliloeng a qala ho tla ka litsela tse ngata le ho feta ba ikemetseng. Tšimoloho ea litšoantšo tse joalo beha Setaliana moseti Vilidzhelmo hore bōpa reliefs tsa kerekeng e khōlō ka ho Modena, haholo tebisa ea ka setšoantšo sa sehlopha sculptural leboteng, 'me kahoo, ho ne ho e mosebetsi ikemetseng tsa bonono tse amanang le leboteng tsela e sa tobang feela. Whole litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa ho itšetleha khahlanong le leboteng, empa ha ho na ho feta. Ho na le e ne e le morethetho o matla, tokisetso ea liemahale pakeng buttresses le o ekelitse boiphihlelo ho sa tsotellehe tikoloho. Meralo le meaho le liemahale tsa Renaissance ba ka ho eketsehileng ho fallela ho tloha moo, ntle le ho lahleheloa ke setsoalle seo. Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba tlatsetsa e mong le tse ling.

Joale e ntan'o ba liemahale tsa Renaissance, le tsohle arohane tswa sefofane ea leboteng. E ne e le tshebetso ea tlhaho ea ho batla e ncha. Butle-butle ho lokolloa ha liforomo polasetiki tloha sefofane meralo le ho fetela ho hlaha ha mela 'maloa e ikemetseng ea bonono sculptural.

sculptors tummeng tsa Renaissance

Ka nako ea histori, eo e ne e bitsoa "Tsoseletso", le litsoantso tse betliloeng e amohela boemo ba bonono phahameng. Bohlokoa ea histori ea fumaneng XVI sculptors se hlahang ho yona European, e leng:

• Andrea Verrokko;
• Beserra Gaspar;
• Nanni Di Banco;
• Bashele Nikolya;
• Santi Gucci;
• Nicolo by Donatello;
• Giambologna;
• Desiderio kithe Settignano;
• Jacopo della Quercia;
• Arnolfo by Cambio;
• Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti;
• Ian Pfister;
• Luca della Robbia;
• Andrea Sansovino;
• Benvenuto Cellini;
• Domenico Fancelli.

The sculptors tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea Renaissance - ke ho re:

• Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti;
• Donatello;
• Benvenuto Cellini.

The liemahale bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa Renaissance tsoa tlasa chisel tsa consummate hloahloa.

The Florentine tummeng

Niccolo by Betto Bardi Donatello, mothehi oa potreite sculptural e nkoa e le ea sebele ho fetisisa moseti ba mehleng ea hae 'me re lahla tieang "ntle" ho bonono. Hammoho le setaele se ea sebele, e ne e le setsebi sa ho classics mangolo a halalelang. E mong oa e tsoileng ke Donatello ke seemahale lehong ea Maria Magdalena (1434, Florence oa likolobetso oa). Long-moriri emaciated mosali-moholo e tšoantšetsoa ka ho nepisisa tšosang. The mathata a bophelo a bontša ka sefahleho emaciated hermit.

E mong litsoantso tse betliloeng mesebetsi ea beng ba baholo - "Morena Davida o ile", eo e teng ka kene lekokong la tora ke Giotto ka Florence. Seemahale entsoe ka 'mabole St George o tsoela pele ho ea Bibele sehlooho qalile moseti tloha setšoantšo sa St. Mark ka' mabole. Ka e tšoanang letoto la lihlooho tse litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa St. Ioanna Krestitelya.

Tloha ka ba lilemo 1443 ho 1453 Donatello o ne a lula Padua, moo a ne a bōpa seemahale equestrian "Gattamelata" ka setšoantšo sa condottiere Erasmo de Khao Narni.

Ka 1453 o ile a khutlela motseng oa habo letsoalloa la Florence, moo a neng a phela ho fihlela lefung la hae ka 1466.

Benvenuto Cellini

Vatican lekhotla moseti Benvenuto Cellini hlahetse 1500 ka lelapa la baetsi ba raka. E ho nkoa e ba molateli oa Mannerism - phallo, nahana ka mokhoa oa liforomo ikakasang ea bonono. Haholo-holo ke ne ke sebetsa le ho betsa boronse. Ka ho fetisisa tummeng litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa Cellini:

• "Nymph tsa Fontainebleau" - tlisang liphallelo boronse, tse entsoeng ka sa 1545, hona joale ho Louvre, Paris.
• "Perseus" - Florence, Loggia Dei Lanzi.
• Sefuba sa Kozimo Medichi - Florence, Bargello.
• "Apollo le Hyacinth" - Florence.
• Sefuba sa Bindo Altoviti - Florence.
• "Thakhisoa" - Escorial, 1562.

Great moseti Benvenuto Cellini kopanela ka proizvodnje matšoao puso, likhau le merero chelete ea tšepe. O, har'a lintho tse ling, e ne e le tsebo haholo le le atlehileng. jeweler ka Vatican. The Pope o ile a laela Benvenuto mahakoe.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

The le tsusumetso e sa Renaissance moseti, mongoli oa mesebetsi e sa shoeng ka 'mabole le boronse Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti hlahetse 1475 ka tse nyenyane Tuscan toropong ea Caprese. Rua ho sculptural sesebelisoa moshanyana ithutile pele ngola le ho bala. Ka lilemo tse 13, Michelangelo ile a ithuta le pentiloeng Girlandayo Domeniko. Ka mor'a moo, talenta ea hae o ile a hlokomela Lorentso De 'Medici, ho Florentine nobleman. Noble patronize ea e-ba mocha.

A le lilemo li mashome a mabeli Buonarroti bōptjoa liemahale 'maloa bakeng sa monyako arched ea Kereke ea St. Dominic ka Bologna. Joale a betliloeng liemahale tse peli ( "Sleeping Cupid" le "St. Johannes") bakeng sa 'moleli Dominican Girolamo Savonarola. Selemo hamorao, Michelangelo ile ka memeloa ke Cardinal Raffaele Riario ho sebetsa Roma. moseti na baka "Roma Pieta" le "Bacchus".

Roma, Buonarroti na ditaelo tse 'maloa bakeng sa cathedrals fapaneng le likereke,' me ka 1505 Mopapa Juliase II fana mo ke etsa mosebetsi o - ya ho etsa lebitleng bakeng Khalalelo ea hae. Mabapi le litaelo tsa bohlokoa joalo ho sebeletsa Michelangelo ka Carrara, moo a ileng a qeta likhoeli tse fetang tse tšeletseng, a khetha 'mabole a loketse bakeng sa lebitleng la Pope.

Bakeng sa lebitleng la moseti ho entse hore liemahale mabole tse 'nè: "Shoa Lekhoba", "Leah," "Moshe" le "tlameha lekhoba". From 1508 ho fihlela qetellong ea 1512 Buonarroti sebelitse ka frescoes tsa Sistine Chapel. Ka 1513, ka mor'a lefu la Julius II, moseti le a ne a laeloa ke Dzhovanni Medichi ka proizvodnje ea seemahale sa Kreste le sefapano.

The moseti leholo la Renaissance Michelangelo Buonarroti ile a hlokahala ka 1564 a le Roma. O ile a patoa ka Basilica Florence a Santa Croce.

"Chinkvichento"

Setšoantšong ka kakaretso ya Renaissance organically lumellane lipakeng tsa High Renaissance. Joale ho ile ha poleloana e reng "chinkvichento", e bolelang "bokhabane". Sena se nka-theoha nako e ile ea nka ka bang mashome a mane lilemo. O ile a fana ka e tsoileng lefatšeng, e leng ka ho sa feleng ngotsoe matlapa a bonono phahameng. Potreite tsa Mona Lisa le "The Selallong Last" Leonardo kithe Vinci o "Sistine madonna madonna self" ke Raphael, "Davida" Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti - tsena le mesebetsi e meng khabisa liholong tsa ho ea musiamong maemo.

Mataliana moseti Andrea Sansovino (1467-1529 GG.) - e mong oa baemeli ba hlaheletseng ka ho fetisisa ea Ea Phahameng Renaissance. Mosebetsi oa pele oa Sansovino e ne e le terracotta mokhabiso oa aletare bakeng sa kereke ea Santa Agata setšoantšo sa St. Sebastian, Roch le Lawrence. Andrea tšoanang sehlopha sculptural betliloeng ho aletare bakeng sa kereke ea San Spirito ka Florence. Phahameng Renaissance litsoantso tse betliloeng Poleloana e reng fapaneng tsa moea 'me ba bang ba ho kenella ka hare e khethehileng.

Verokko Andrea

Ho ea tummeng moseti ea mathoasong a lekholo Renaissance Uchitel Leonardo kithe Vinci, Sandro Botticelli le Petro Perudzhino. Ka taba ena e ka sehloohong ea boiqapelo Verrocchio ile sculpting, ka sebakeng sa bobeli - ho penta. Andrea e ne e le mookameli tummeng tsa libolo lekhotla le talente moqapi. Litsoantso tse betliloeng High Renaissance ha e le hantle ba ile ba qala ka mosebetsi oa Verrocchio.

moetsi oa litšoantšo ba ne ba sebetsa ka nako e telele ha a ntse a Florence. Ba ne ba bōpiloe ba bakeng sa lejoe la sehlooho Florentine nobleman Kozimo Medichi, ebe ho theosa le lilemo tse mashome a mabeli, le moseti sebelitse ka pina "belaele Thomas." Davida, eo e seemahale tummeng o ne a bōpiloe ke Verrocchio ka 1476. Boronse seemahale ile reretsoe ho khabisa Villa Medici, empa Giuliano le Lorenzo ikutloa ba sa tšoanelehe ba le tlhompho e joalo e phahameng, 'me a fana ka litsoantso tse betliloeng ka Palazzo della Signoria ka Florence. Hlollang litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa Renaissance Pele, ka tsela eo a fumanoa sebakeng sa lona. Ka matlung a poraefete ba ile ba leka ho se lule likotoana e ikhethang ea bonono. Ha ho tlase tsa bohlokoa ka ho ya ka bonono phahameng e ne e boetse e le morao Renaissance. Litsoantso tse betliloeng tsa Benvenuto Cellini "Perseus" ho nkoa keng ea lekanngoa tsoileng matsoho tsa morao Renaissance.