The a khoheli a motsotsoana - ka thepa ea motheo ea likaroloana tsa motheo

The a khoheli a motsotsoana ea athomo e - tsa motheo 'meleng vector ngata, bontšang e khoheli a thepa ea boleng bo le teng. Mohloli oa matla a khoheli, ho ea ka khopolo classic motlakase, microcurrents tse hlahang ho tloha elektrone orbital tshisinyo. Motsotso khoheli - ke tšobotsi hlokahala ho tsohle, ntle ho mokgelo, likaroloana tsa motheo, nuclei, libetsa tsa nyutlelie le elektrone likhetla tsa limolek'hule.

Matla a khoheli, e tloaelehileng ho likaroloana tsohle tsa motheo, ho ea ka nyenyenyane quantum, ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha ka motsotsoana ho phetha molao feela ba bitsa ho ohla (botsitso ipatlele quantum phetha molao mofuta). The thepa khoheli ea athomo khubung ohla linaoa bopilwe likarolo konokono - tsa protons le neutron. Electronic kenapa (intra-orbit) Hape ho ba le motsotsoana a khoheli, e leng chelete ea linako tse matla a khoheli ea dieleketerone ba ho eona.

Ka mantsoe a mang, le a khoheli a linako tse likaroloana tsa motheo le orbitals athomo e loketseng ka tsela e atlehang intra-quantum-phetha molao, e tsejoang e le ho ohla botsitso. e le hantle sena ke analogous ho botsitso angular tsa chenchana ho pota bohareng ba lona a selekane. Ho ohla botsitso e lekanngoa ka kamehla Planck e - ea kamehla tsa motheo tsa khopolo quantum.

neutron tsohle, dieleketerone le protons, eo, ha e le hantle, e na le athomo, ho ea ka Planck rua ohla lekanang ½. Sebōpeho sa athomo sa ho dieleketerone potolohang nuclei ntle ho ohla botsitso na ho feta le orbital angular botsitso. Konokono, le hoja e ae phethang e le boemo ba ee sa fetoleng boemo, o boetse o na angular botsitso, e leng baka phello ea ho ohla nyutlelie.

The matla a khoheli e etsa chelete e athomo a khoheli a motsotsoana e laolwang ke mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea botsitso angular. Monehelo ho fetisisa bonahaleng ho matla a khoheli e bontša ka ho ohla sebediswa. Ho ea ka ho Pauli kenngwe molao-motheo, ho ea ka tseo dieleketerone tse peli le tsoanang ke ke lula ho lona ka nako e tšoanang ka tšoanang boemo quantum, tlangwa dieleketerone kopane le ho ohla litakatso tsa bona ba fapane ka ho feletseng dipeakanyo. Tabeng ena, ka motsotso a khoheli a ba le elektrone e le e fokotsehile, e fokotsa matla a khoheli thepa ya sebopeho kaofela. Ka ba bang ba lisele tse nang le esita le palo ea dieleketerone, ntlha ena e fokotsehile ho lefela, 'me ntho e ha e sa ba le thepa a khoheli a. Kahoo, motsotso a khoheli a ba arohaneng likaroloana tsa motheo ba le tšusumetso e ka ho toba le boleng a khoheli ea tsamaiso eohle ea nyutlelie ea athomo.

likarolo Ferromagnetic ka makatsa nomoro ya dieleketerone tla lula ba le matla a khoheli nonzero e loketseng ho elektrone unpaired. Ka likarolo joalo haufi orbital lepelela, 'me linako tsohle ho ohla tsa dieleketerone unpaired nka tlwaetso e tšoanang ka sebaka, e leng e etsa hore katleho ya puso ya eneji, se tlaase-tlaase. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa sebelisana phapanyetsano.

Ka go lebagantsha ena ea linako tse matla a khoheli ea liathomo ferromagnetic le matla a khoheli. A likarolo paramagnetic entsoeng ka liathomo le linako ba ferekane a khoheli ha ba na ipatlele khoheli bona. Empa haeba u sebetsa ho tsona ntle ho ba mohloli oa matla a khoheli, ka linako khoheli ea liathomo le go tsepanya ka nngeleng, 'me likarolo tsena tsona li fumana thepa a khoheli a.