Social tšimoloho ea monna le ho leka-lekana ea lithahasello tsa lihlopha tsa sechaba ka ntshetsopeleng ea sechaba

Tlhaho le setso teng batho etsahala feela tsamaisong ea sechaba. Ea bobeli ke laela kakaretso, ho akarelletsa le batho ka bomong hammoho le lihlopha tsa sechaba hore ho kopantswe dikgokelo fapaneng le likamano tsa batho. Bao e leng sehlopha se jwalo e ka tloaelo utloisisa ka hlahang ho yona ea ho etsa metsoalle. Ho phaella moo, motho a ka mefuta e fapaneng ya maemo a kahisano, lintho tse bonahalang, tsa lipolotiki le tsa moea tsa teng, sebopeho le mosebetsi, e leng e hangata e bitswang tikoloho ea sechaba.

tsamaiso ea metsoalle e na le melao ea eona e itseng tlas'a eo e sebetsang le develops. Motheong oa melao ena ka sebelisana pakeng tsa batho ka bomong. Buber sisintsweng ho bitsa e ka sebelisana ea " 'Na-u", Maks Veber lumela hore e hahiloe likamano tsohle tsa sechaba, Pitirim Sorokin le Yudzhin Habermas ile a fihlela qeto ho eona khopolo ea ho buisana. Dzhon Mill nahana hore semelo sa tsa sechaba le tsona ho phetha karolo ea ka sebelisana ena, hobane, joalokaha le busa, re na ho sebetsana le liketso tsa le litšusumetso tsa batho bao e leng litlelase fapaneng ea sechaba.

Likarolo ea tsamaiso ea sechaba ya kokangana ke khokahano ea o ile a laela le ea tsitsitseng litlamo tsa sebopeho bitsoa sechaba. E bakoa ke lintho tse ngata tse - sena karohano oa mosebetsi o boima, le ea sechaba tšimoloho ea batho ho ba setho sa lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng le lihlopha, 'me a loanela lithahasello tsa bona. lihlopha ipatlele ea sechaba - e batlang e tsitsitse kopanelo ea batho ba nang le lintho tse amanang le tloaelehileng, litabatabelo, litekanyetso, le litloaelo tsa boitšoaro le eaba ba etsa ka hare ho e itseng sethala ea histori ea tsoelo-pele ea sechaba. Ka mohlala, ka India ea boholo-holo, lihlopha tse joalo li ne li varna. Caste sechabeng, e thehiloeng karohano tšoanang, o ile a sebeletsa e le mohlala ho Plato, ea ileng a rorisa eena ka dipuisano hae "Melao e" le "Ha boemo."

Filosofi ea puso, e leng ea pele o ile a fana ka ho hlaka hlalosoa lihlopha tsa sechaba, e leng ho Thomas Hobbes. Ka mosebetsi oa hae "Leviathane", o ile a re setjhabeng e entsoe ka le palo e itseng ea batho, ba kopantsoe ke lintho tse amanang le tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng kapa khoebo. Ho fuwa o ile a laela le unordered sehlopha, hammoho le ho thabela botsoalle le ho poraefete kapa lipolotiki.

The Great French Phetohelo le liphello tsa lona o qobelloang bo-rafilosofi ba sekaseke bocha karolo ea lihlopha joalo kapa litlelase mosebetsing oa ho histori. Boholo ba bo-rahistori ba English - batho ba mehleng ea liketsahalo tseo - nkoa e le phetoho e khōlō conspiracies le coups, sitisa tsamiso ya ho tsela e tloaelehileng ea liketsahalo. Hegel ho toba le ba opa liatla le phetoho e khōlō, a bolela hore e le lokolla se hahiloeng ka konkreite le thata motho le thusa ho haha sechaba.

Sena se botho ba bokahohleng la liketsahalo tsa histori, akarelelitsoeng ho ka dihlopha tsa mmuso, batho ba le melao e itseng e le khahloa rahistori ba European le bo-rafilosofi ba lekholong la XIX, kaofela ba qala ho felloa ke thahasello ka liketsahalo motho. moea National, sehlopha sa ntoa, naha kapa ea sechaba tšimoloho ea batho le takatso ea ho kgolo lihlopha likamano tsa sechaba fetohile sehlooho se seholo sa phehisanong filosofi. Haholo-holo a hlobaetsang le e ne e le potso ea ka litekanyetso life fumana bao e leng lihlopha tsa sechaba. Ha English tsa moruo nahana ka litekanyetso joalo moruo le lipolotiki, Marx - likamano thepa ea mokhoa oa ho fana ka tlhahiso, Gumplowicz - likokoana-hloko le tsa merabe, Cooley - lelapa le leloko la, joalo-joalo.

Mohaho oa kajeno oa filosofi ea sechaba e boetse e akarelletsa taba ea ho lihlopha tsa sechaba le litlelase, empa ka tlhaloso fapaneng. Pele ho tsohle, ho ke ke hore thuto ea ho "mahareng" le "se secha bohareng sehlopha sa" (Kroner, Arone, Myers), 'me "stratification ea sechaba" (Sorokin). Khopolo e qetellang e hlalosa litšobotsi le dihlahlobo tsa stratification ea sechaba ka lihlopha, tse kang mosebetsi, chelete, thuto, kelello, litumelo le joalo-joalo.

Leha ho le joalo, striations ke ho hloka botsitso ho feta lihlopha tloaelehileng le litlelase hobane ba nahana ka paatsepama le rapaletseng tsamaiso ea sechaba e le pakeng tsa lihlopha le ka hare ho bona. Maks Veber tsejoa lintho tse bohlokoa tsa sebopeho strata ka botumo sechabeng le stereotypes hore theha ka molao oa boitšoaro 'me ponahalo, hammoho le maemo, ho nka likarolo tse itseng tsa sechaba.