Sebopeho sa letsoho le letsohong. Sebopeho anatomical tsa letsohong

A hlahloba ka hloko tsa sebōpeho sa matsoho, hammoho le lefapha la leha e le efe ea tsamaiso ya rona musculoskeletal, ke ho ena e rarahaneng. Ho na le mehaho e ka sehloohong tse tharo: masapo, mesifa le ligaments hore tšoare masapong. The borashe na likarohano tse tharo, e leng, wrist, menoana le pastern.

Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka borashe: sebopeho, mesifa, manonyelletso tsa letsoho. A re ke re qala ka tlhaloso ya masapo mafapheng lona tse sa tšoaneng.

carpal lesapo

Ho tloha ka matsoho ba lokela ho etsa'ng e nepahetseng haholo le rarahaneng mokhatlo oa, lesapo sebōpeho sa letsoho ke hape le thata haholo. The wrist - 8 masapo nyenyane ea sebopeho kamehla, o ile a lokisetsa ka mela e 'meli. Ka setšoantšo sa e ka tlaase o ka bona sebōpeho sa ka letsohong le letona.

The proximal articular holim 'a palo ea mefuta, ho radius khonvekse. Ho e na le masapo, bala ho tloha bohlano ho motona le: pisiform, likhutlo li tharo, semilunar le navicular. Next mola - distal. E connects ho kopanetsoeng proximal ya sebopeho tsoeng. Moleng distal na le masapo a mane: trapezoidal, polygonal, capitate le hamate.

pastern lesapo

lefapha lena e entsoe ka tubular masapo 5 metacarpal, hape e bontša sebōpeho rarahaneng ea letsoho. Skeleton tsa masapo a nako e telele ke e rarahaneng. E mong le e ba bona ba nang le 'mele, e le setsi le hlooho. Metacarpal lesapo la monoana 1st e khutšoanyane ho feta tse ling 'me e sa setonanahali. Bobeli metacarpal lesapo - nako e telele. Batho ba bang ba fokotswa ka bolelele e le hole ho tswa ho pele le kamano e haufi le moeli oa litsoeng. Mabaka a ho ka holimo masapo pastern o khona ho itlhalosa ka masapo eaba ba etsa wrist ena. The metacarpals pele le bohlano li tšoaneleha le bokaholimo articular le dibopeho saddle, ha ba bang - bataletse. Likotoana metacarpal lesapo nang le articular holim'a (hemispherical) tse hlalositsweng molaong le phalanges proximal monoana.

masapo monoana

E mong le e monoana, ka ntle ho ea pele, e leng e na le phalanges tse peli feela 'me e na karolelano, ho na le 3 leqheka: distal, proximal le bohareng (lipakeng). Khutshwayane - distal; Proximal - nako e telele. Qetellong distal nang le hlooho ea leqheka, 'me proximal - motheo ea eona.

Sesamoid masapo borashe

Ka hare-hare ho tendon le, ntle le masapo tseo na sesamoid tšekamelo pakeng tsa leqheka proximal ea motona le lesapo lona metacarpal. Ho na le boetse ho na le batho bao e seng ka ho sa feleng sesamoid masapo. Ba leng teng pakeng tsa leqheka proximal tsa menoana ea bohlano le la bobeli le masapo metacarpal. Hangata masapo sesamoid teng holim'a palmar. Empa ka linako tse ling ba ka ba fumanang ka morao. Pisiform lesapo o boetse o tobisitsoe ho pono ea tse ka holimo. masapo Sesamoid le dithulaganyo bona eketsa ka mahetla mesifa matla, khomaretse ho bona.

Re hlahloba sebopeho sa letsoho le wrist masapo, joale re tla ho sethusathuto le ligamentous.

wrist kopanetsoeng

Ho na le radial lesapo le mola proximal masapo carpal: kgutlotharo, semilunar le navicular. The ulna e go tlaleletswa ke disk articular 'me ha a atolosa ho wrist kopanetsoeng. Karolo e phethoang ka sehloohong sebopeho sa litsoeng phetha lesapo ulnar. Ha a ntse a wrist e - ga bimi. Letsohong kopanetsoeng ka sebopeho - elliptical. Ho ka etsahala abduction, adduction borashe, flexion le katoloso. Nyenyane etseng letho rotational mokhatlo oa (10-12 likhato) boetse ho na le ho ka khonehang e kopanetsoeng ena, empa e etsoa ka lebaka la elasticity ea articular lefufuru. Ka dinama tse nyenyane tse bonolo ke ho le bonolo ho lemoha slit tsa wrist kopanetsoeng, e leng lemohuoa ka ulnar le mahlakoreng radial. Ka litsoeng ka phopholetsa trihedral phomotse pakeng tsa lesapo le ulna hlooho. Ka lehlakoreng radial - lekhalo pakeng tsa malleoli le lateral ulnar styloid.

Movement tsa wrist kopanetsoeng e haufi-ufi amanang le mosebetsi srednezapyastnogo kopanetsoeng teng pakeng tsa le mela e distal le proximal. holim'a lona e thata sebopeho tsoeng. Ha flexion le katoloso tsamaiso bophahamo ba modumo fihla likhatong 85. Phokotso ea borashe ka lenonyello le ka holimo fihla likhatong 40 abduction - 20. The wrist kopanetsoeng e ka feta circumduction, i.e. chitja tshisinyo.

kopanetsoeng ena e matlafatsoa ke ho ligaments tse ngata. Ba leng teng pakeng tsa masapo a motho eo, hammoho le ka lateral, medial, 'me ka morao ho palmar holim' a wrist ena. Peeletso ligament (radius le ulna) bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ka ulnar le radial mahlakoreng tsa flexor retinaculum e teng pakeng tsa elevations ya bone bone - e tetemang e khethehileng. Ha e le hantle, ho ha e sebetse ho manonyeletso letsoho, e le thickening ea fascia ena. Retinaculum flexor wrist mohoma fetoha kanale, e leng mabotho ea methapo ea kutlo bohare le tendons tsa flexor digitorum. Re tsoela pele ho hlalosa kaheho ea letsoho.

manonyeletso Carpometacarpal

Ba bataletseng, ba sa kopanele tšebeletsong. Kantle ke'moho le motona le. Fapaneng ya tshisinyo manonyeletso carpometacarpal - ha ho ho feta likhato 5-10. Ba feela tsamaiso, 't. Ho. The ligaments ba hantle ntshetswa pele. Located holim'a palmar, ba theha e tsitsitseng palmar ligaments tlohang pakeng tsa lesapo metacarpal le letsohong. Ho na le ka borashe arcuate ligament, le lateral le radial. Capitatum e bohareng ho ligaments, e secured palo e khōlō ea ligaments. Palmar ntshetswa molemo haholo ho feta ka morao. ligaments morao hokela masapo a wrist ena. Ba theha e capsules thickening tse a tlotsitsoeng le manonyello pakeng tsa masapo ana. Intercostals ba sebakeng moleng bobeli la masapo carpal.

O motona carpometacarpal kopanetsoeng Ho thehoa ke e le setsi sa pele metacarpal lesapo le polygonal. The articular bokaholimo ba saddle sebopeho. kopanetsoeng Sena se ka phetha liketso tsa tse latelang: abduction, adduction, reposition (retrograde tshisinyo), khanyetso (khanyetso e tsoang) le circumduction (roundabout). Buka ea u tšoara ka mekhatlo, ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore o motona e le khahlanong le hore batho ba bang kaofela, e ile ea eketseha haholo. likhato 45-60 tsa tsamaiso carpometacarpal'moho le o motona abduction le holim 'a actuation,' me nakong ea mokhatlo oa khutla 'me lehlakoreng le leng - 35-40.

Sebōpeho sa letsohong: metacarpophalangeal manonyeletso

Bitsoa manonyeletso li thehoa lihlooho tsa borashe metacarpals le ho kenya letsoho ha ho bokatlase ba phalanges proximal. Ba chitja, na a mararo lilepe baa perpendicular tsa chenchana ka bophara oo katoloso le flexion, abduction le adduction, hammoho e le tshisinyo chitja (circumduction). Ho Tlisa le sebakeng seo ho ka khoneha ka likhato sa 45-50 le flexion le katoloso - ka 90-100. manonyeletso tsena na ligaments peeletso ka mahlakoreng, e leng ho matlafatsa ba. Palmar kapa e atolositsoeng ke lehlakoreng palmar ea komiki ena. likhoele bona e lohellane le likhoele tsa tebileng ho parola ligament hore thibela fapoha ka mahlakoreng a fapaneng bao e leng lihlooho tsa masapo metacarpal.

manonyeletso Interphalangeal tsa letsohong

Ba trochlear sebopeho le selekane bona ba potolohang atolosa transversely. Katoloso le flexion khoneha ho pota lilepe tsena. The proximal interphalangeal manonyeletso ba le bophahamo ba modumo ea flexion le katoloso, tse lekanang ho likhato 110-120, distal - 80-90. manonyeletso Interphalangeal hantle haholo matlafatsoa ke peeletso ligament.

Mokelikeling le fibrous selateng sa tendons ea menoana

Extensor retinaculum, hammoho le ho flexor retinaculum, phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho matlafatsa boemo ba tendons le mesifa ea fetang ka tlas'a. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo ha ho sebetsa ka letsoho: e katoloso ea eona le flexion. Nature reretsoe sebopeho ke tšoaneleha haholo letsoho. Tendons tse boletsoeng ka holimo e tšehetso ka kopanelo le holim hare ya yona. Karohano ya tendons ho tloha lesapo la ho thibela thae. Sena se nolofalletsa bakeng sa mosebetsi oa matla le matla mesifa e honyele ho mamella e ngata khatello.

Phokotso ea khohlano le Setlankana sa tendons extending tsoa forearm ka borashe le, tlatsetsa khethehileng tendon selateng sa, e leng lesapo-fibrotic kapa metjha e fibrotic. Ba ke mokelikeling selateng. Palo kholo ka ho fetisisa (6-7) ke tlasa extensor retinaculum. Radius le ulna na grooves hore tšoanang le sebaka tsa mesifa tendon. Hammoho le seo ho thoeng ke webs fibrous eo arola metjha e ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse le ho atolosa ho masapo a ka extensor retinaculum.

Palmar mokelikeling selateng ke flexor tendons tsa menoana 'me matsoho. Kakaretso mokelikeling hara botshehadi fetela le ho e le setsi sa palema le fihla leqheka distal ka monoana bohlano. Mona ke tendons tsa ka ntle feela le tebileng flexor digitorum. O motona o na le nako e telele flexor tendon teng ka hara botshehadi mokelikeling ntle le fetisetsa ka monoana le tendon ka. Mokelikeling selateng ka seatleng sa oa letsoho la mesifa ya hao di tingoa tendons eo ho ea bone, ka bobeli le la boraro menoana. Feela tendon ka monoana bohlano e na le selateng sa mokelikeling, e leng katoloso ea palo yohle ya.

mesifa ea letsoho

Ka setšoantšo sa ka tlase u bona mesifa letsoho. Sebōpeho sa wrist e bontša ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.

Mesifa ea ka letsohong le feela ka lehlakoreng le palmar. Di arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo: mahareng, kholo le tse nyenyane menoana.

Ho tloha ka motsamao o monoana hloka sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng haholo, ka borashe ke palo e khōlō ea mesifa e khutšoanyane, thatafatsa sebōpeho sa letsoho. Mesifa oa matsoho a ka seng sa lihlopha tse tšohliloeng mona ka tlase.

Sehlopha se bohareng ba mesifa

Ho Ho thehoa mesifa sebōkō-joaloka, ho qala ho tswa ho tebileng tsa digital flexor tendon le khomaretse ka leqheka proximal, kapa ho ena makalana bona ho tloha bobeli ho monoana oa bohlano, ha re nahana ka sebōpeho sa letsoho. Mesifa oa matsoho a tsena hape tsoa ka morao le palmar interosseous, teng ka pakeng tsa masapo a pastern e, khomaretse botlaaseng ba leqheka proximal. Ho sebetsa ha sehlopha sena ke hore mesifa tsena di amehang flexion tsa phalanges proximal ea menoana ea tsena. Ka lebaka la ho palmar mesifa interossei a ka tlisa monoana ho borashe bohareng monoana. Ka intercostals rearmost ke ikatisa lehlakoreng bona.

Mesifa ea motona le

sehlopha sena e bopa ya bophahamo ba motona le. mesifa tsena qala ho pota haufi pastern lesapo le letsohong. Ha e le o motona oa flexor hae lekgutshwanyane khomaretse haufi le lesapo sesamoid, e haufi le e le setsi sa ea leqheka proximal. Bapisa le mesifa motona o ea pele metacarpal lesapo, le e isa o motona e ka hare masapo sesamoid.

mesifa Nyenyane monoana

Sehlopha sena sa mesifa e bopa bokahare ba ka seatleng sa oa bophahamo ba. Tsena li akarelletsa: e monyenyane monoana abductor mesifa, bapisa le monoana o monyenyane, lekgutshwanyane palmar le lekgutshwanyane flexor.

Li simoloha ho tswa ho lesapo potolohileng ka letsohong la. mesifa tsena li khomaretse botlaaseng ba monoana oa bohlano, kapa ho ena leqheka lona proximal, 'me oa bohlano e metacarpal masapo. mosebetsi bona e bonahatsoa ke sehlooho sa eona.

A sehloohong sena a re 'nile ba leka ka tsela e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa li emela sebōpeho sa letsoho. Human anatomy - ke saense ea motheo e hlokang e le hantle, thuto ea hlokolosi haholoanyane. Kahoo, ba bang lipotso o ile a lula unlit. Sebopeho sa letsoho le wrist - sehlooho hore khahlang se feela ea lingaka. Tsebo ea kamoo ho hlokahalang ho baatlelete, tšoaneleha barupeli, liithuti le dihlopha tse ling tsa batho ba hape. Sebōpeho sa letsohong, ha u ntse u ba hlokometse, e rarahaneng haholo, le ho ithuta ho ka ba haholo ka nako e telele, ho itšetleha ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mehloli.