Savannah: mobu, limela le liphoofolo. Seo mobu ho rena ka sabana joang?

Savannah - sebakeng se tsa tlhaho le predominance limela herbaceous ka mobu o mofubelu lateritic. libaka ena ea tlhaho e rarahaneng (PC) e aba pakeng tsa meru pula le seka-mahoatateng. Tse fetang 40% ea sebakeng seo e Afrika e lula expanses leholo la sabana. Mobu a thehoa tlasa bo bofubelu limela telele ka predominance tsa lijo-thollo, lifate le maemong a sa tloaelehang moferong lihlahla.

e chesang e mongobo steppe moru

Savannah, haese Africa, ke lintho tse tloaelehileng Australia le dikontinenteng tse di potlana Indian. Ho mofuta ona wa ho matleng PC campos Llanos le ka naha ea Amerika Boroa. Hangata e bapisoa le lesabasaba morung-steppe ea libaka tse futhumetseng tsa Eurasia. Ho na le ba bang ba ho tšoana, empa ho na le ho se tšoane ho feta. likarolo tse ka sehloohong tse khethollang Savannah:

• mobu le dikahare tlaase humus;
• xeromorphic herbaceous limela;
• lifate le lihlahla le moqhaka umbellate;
• ba ruileng le ba tse fapa-fapaneng liphoofolo (ho fapana le steppe, ho e sireletsa).

Campos - Brazil lesabasaba sehlabeng - thehoa ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya baahi semela. Cerrados e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha lifate tlase ho hōla le lihlahla. Limpos liforomo telele steppe. Llanos mahlakoreng ka bobeli a Nōka Orinoco Amerika Boroa li koahetsoeng ka joang bo teteaneng le lihlopha motho ea lifate (lifate tsa palema).

African sabana. Mobu le tlelaemete

E chesang e mongobo sebakeng moru o ka k'honthinente chesang, e ka bang 40% ea tšimong.
Ka Leboea ea Lefatše sabana fihleleng sefateng semideserts ka bolokolohi 16-18 °, haufi-ufi matched ho Lake Chad le tsoekere granulated. Moeli oa libaka tsa PC ka boroa ke Tropic of Capricorn. Savannah lithoteng lula sebaka 'me a tsohe ho ba bolelele e khōlō ka hare ho naha ena e sehlabeng African East.

The mefuta e hlaheletseng ea boemo ba leholimo - potlana-equator le e chesang e mongobo. Ke ka ho hlaka distinguishable ho pholletsa le selemo linako tse peli tse - metsi le e omme. nako pula e fokotsehile ha tloha equator ho chesang e mongobo ho tloha likhoeli tse 7-9 ho fihlela ho 3-4. Ka January, ha e le nako metsi ka Leboea ea Lefatše, ka omeletseng Southern qala. Kakaretso ea mongobo fihla 800-1200 limilimithara / selemo. moisturizing Ntlha e - ka tlase ho 1 (lekaneng pula). likarolo tse ling tse arohaneng le bothata ba ho haella ho noa metsi (K _uvl tlase 0,5-0,3).

Mofuta ofe ea mobu ho lesabasaba e thehoa joalo tlelaemete ya? Ka nako ea lipula, limatlafatsi tse ngata li hlatsoa tlhokomelwa fela thata ka metsi ka brennan e ka tlaase. Ha ho nako ea komello, ho na le lipono tse makatsang tsa bo fapaneng - tharollo mobu e hlaha.

limela mofuta le boemo ba leholimo

Ka mor'a ho amohela mongobo, tse chesang tse mongobo morung-steppe ka Africa phela. Bosehla sootho shades mahlaka ommeng li nkeloa sebaka ke emeralde tala. Hola makhasi ka difate le lihlahla, e leng ho akhela makhasi linakong tsa komello, joang e ka potlako a otlolla, ka linako tse ling fihla limithara tse 3 ka bophahamo. Mobu le limela le liphoofolo tsa sabana tsa Afrika Ho thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea boemo ba leholimo. maemo a mocheso le mongobo itšetleha ka thutafatshe sebaka.

Haufi le moeli oa nako rainforest pula nka ka 9 months. Ho na le e thehoa telele-sabana; lihlopha tsa lifate le lihlahla tse ngata ho feta. Ho na le mimosa le lifate tsa palema, e leng theha liphula tsa meru linōka la gallery. The mefuta e thahasellisa haholo ea limela lesabasaba - the baobab tree baobab. Sefate kutu hangata e fihla limithara tse 45 ka sedikiso.

E le hole ho tswa ho ho equator 'me haufi le chesang e mongobo nakong ea lipula e fokotsehile, ntshetsa pele sabana tloaelehileng. Leliboho le seka-ea lehoatata sebakeng mongobo o fumana 3 months selemo. Limela, e leng e thehiloe tlas'a maemo a omileng, e bua ka tsa lehoatata mofuta sabana. Ho 50 ° C, ho fapana hakaalo lehoatateng. le lichaba tse North African bitsoa tsena libakeng tlhaho "Sahel", batho ba Afrika Borwa - "sehlahla".

Seo mobu ho rena ka sabana ho

E chesang e mongobo moru mobu - e khubelu-sootho mmala, e fanang ka eona oa tšepe komponeng. Bakeng sa mofuta ona wa tšoauoa ka e dikahare tlaase humus - ho tloha 1.5 ho 3%. Karolo e bohareng ea profil ka e na le letsopa le ka tlase bonahaleng illuvial-calcareous fellang mobu. Litšobotsi tse boletsoeng ka holimo ke bath ea Afrika Bochabela, e leng karolo e ka leboea ea k'honthinente ea Australia, 'me ba bang ba libaka tsa Amerika Boroa.

Seo mobu ka sabana thehoa itšetlehile ka mofuta oa humidification. Ka nako e lekaneng ka nako e telele humus omileng bakoang ke ka lebaka la ho li bole kapele butle-butle limela. More o nonneng mobu ka lesabasabeng omileng la Afrika, 'me ba masabasabeng ea Amerika Boroa. Ka moistening kamehla holim'a sebopeho ea lijo-thollo Ho thehoa, kapa khetla (karolong e ka holimo ka thata).

mefuta ea mobu

Hara libaka mamelwang oela fapaneng pula tsa tlhaho li fapana ka bolelele ba nako nako e omme. Sebaka ditshebetso le maemo a klimate a siea letšoao bona ka mofuta oa limela lesabasaba. Mobu a thehoa ke sebelisana ea likarolo tsohle tsa e rarahaneng ea tlhaho. Mohlala, dimela o hlola ka ho merung mongobo ha ba na nako ea ho bola, limatlafatsi tse ngata li hohola ka pula e boima.

Bapisoa le lefubedu le le bosehla mobu ferrallitic moru oa lebanta equator ka lesabasabeng ipokellela humus haholoanyane. Ka lebaka la nako e omileng ea ka li bole kapele 'lieha tsa litlhaka kahare ba lema' me humus. Lipakeng mofuta - e khubelu ferralitic substrates polygonal-mongobo merung. Tlas'a lijo-thollo lesabasabeng ba haholo-holo sebakeng mobu lateritic le bo bofubelu-sootho. Tlas'a mofuta ona wa ommeng sebakeng tsa tlhaho thehoa ke mobu ntsho. Ha re ntse re atamela libakeng tsa lehoatata, ba nkeloa sebaka ke mobu bo bofubelu-sootho. Khanyang brownish kapa setene bofubelu mmala fetoha fatše ka lebaka la ho bokella ions tšepe.

The liphoofolo tsa sabana ho

Ho makatsang ke ba ruileng le ba tse fapa-fapaneng liphoofolo tsa moru e chesang e mongobo. Ho na le baemedi ba lihlopha tsohle liphoofolo. Likho, liphepheng, linoha, litlou, likubu, litsukulu, likolobe-moru tse hlaha li fumanoa lijo sabana, sireletsang ho tswa mocheso ea letsatsi kapa pula. Hohle lelele dibopeho tsa letsopa dikhouno termite, enlivening e sephara holim'a metsi sabana. Ahileng likho mobu le litoeba e nyenyane joang kamehla utloa marata - scurry linoha le lihahabi tse ling. Large likoeteng - litau, linkoe - smartly ipata har'a joang e phahameng, e hlasele lehlatsipa ka tšohanyetso.

Limpshe tse hlokolosi: telele le nako e telele molaleng dumella nonyana e khōlō ka nako ea ho bona hore tlokotsi 'me a pata hlooho ea hae. Boholo ba baahi ba sabana ho balehela likoeteng ka sefofane. Tsamaea sebaka se selelele hoofed liphoofolo tse phytophage: liqoaha, gazelles, antilopen, buffaloes. Lithuhlo bokhabane chesa makhasi a tiea ka lifate molelelehadi, 'me ka mabōpong a matša a ka moferong ea joang ho retelehela ba fetang behemoths clunky.

Temo ea libaka sabana le meru

libakeng tse kholo tsa moru libakeng tsa tropike Australia le Amerika Boroa ba lula bakeng sa fula le ho lema k'hothone, poone, makotomane. Ka temo e le Maindia, Africa le boetse le sebelisoa lesabasabeng le meru. Mobu tse khubelu-sootho ha le mongobo mobu o nonneng le e loketseng ho tshwara. Tlaase setso sa temo le lebaka la ho hloka ea naha reclamation ile sa etsa hore tsoelo-pele ea dithulaganyo khoholeho ea mobu. Sahelian libaka tsa Afrika ke naha ea lehoatata morao-rao e bakiloeng ke motsoako oa lintlha tlhaho le anthropogenic.

mathata paballo mobu Savannah

mofuta African fetola tlas'a tšusumetso ea motho: meru li remiloe, fetohang bulehileng sabana. Limela le liphoofolo li nang le khahlamelo e mpe ea lintlha anthropogenic. Fokotswa linomoro tsa libatana le phofu ea bona kotsing le baahi ba litsoene. Tlōlo vegetative koahela sekoahelo ka nako ya lema kapa sabana ho senngoa ha meru ho etsa hore e le ho senyeha ka potlako mobu. Livni ea fifatsa ka holimo mobu o nonneng lera a pepesa le letšo-letšo le boima ba letsopa le tšepe metsoako. E tiisa tlas'a tšusumetso ea thempereichara e phahameng moea. liketsahalo tse joalo li etsahala libakeng tsa temo e matla le ho fula. Khubelu-sootho mobu ya sabana ba hloka tšireletso le ho tsosolosoeng fetang libakeng tse kholo tse linaheng tse tsoelang pele tsa Afrika le Latin America.