Russia Oli le Industry Gas

mehlodi ya mafura fana eneji, le se ke feela kaofela ea indasteri ka naheng efe kapa efe ea lefatše, empa hoo e ka bang tsohle Makala tsa lintho tseo batho ba. E leng karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea mafura le matla a rarahaneng ea Russia ke oli le khase lefapha la.

Oli le khase indasteri - lebitso karela tsa rarahaneng liindasteri tlhahiso, lipalangoang, sebetsa le ho aba lihlahisoa ho qetela ea oli 'me khase e lokisa. Sena e mong oa mafapha matla ka ho fetisisa la Federation ea Russia, e haholo-holo ha thehoa ka tekanyetsokabo le ho leka-lekana ba ditefello tse ka har'a naha, ho fana ka moputso oa phapanyetsano tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho boloka sekgahla chelete ea sechaba.

History of ntshetsopeleng

Tšimoloho ea sebopeho sa masimo a oli ka lefapha la ho indasteri e nkoa e le 1859 ho, ha United States bakeng sa oli e phetha molao ho cheka o ne a pele sebelisoa. Joale, oli hoo e ka bang tsohle jese litheohelang hlahiswa ka liliba e mpa e le phapang tlhahiso bokgoni. Russia, e qotsitsoeng ho tsa oli e tsoang lilibeng tse e ile ea fata ba ile ba qala ka 1864 ka Kuban. Hula tjhelete tlhahiso ea ka nako eo e ne e le boima ba lithane tse 190 ka letsatsi. E le hore ho eketsa phaello ela hloko haholo ho tse qotsitsoeng ea mechine, 'me qalong ea lekholo la bo20 la Russia ile a etella pele ka ho fana ka tlhahiso ea oli.

Pele libakeng tse ka sehloohong tsa oli tse qotsitsoeng e ne e le North Caucasus tse Soviet Russia (Maikop, Grozny) le Baku (Azerbaijan). depleting masimo a bana ba hōlileng ba ne ba sa kopana le litlhoko tsa indasteri e tsoelang pele, 'me re etse boiteko ba bohlokoa e se e entsoe ho bula masimo a macha. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba beha ho sebetsa e le masimo a 'maloa ka ho Asia Bohareng, Bashkortostan, Perm le sebakeng Kuibyshev, seo ho thoeng ke Volga-Ural botlaaseng ile ha thehoa.

Moqolo oa oli hlahiswa fihla lithane tse limilione tse 31. Ka 60s ea palo ea ntšitsoeng khauta o motsho o tsohile ho lithane tse limilione tse 148, e leng 71% oela sebakeng Volga-Ural. Ka lilemo tse 70 re 'nile ha fumanoa' me a beha ka mobung tshebetso ya West Siberia beisine. kholo chelete ea mobung khase ile a fumanoa C oli morolo.

Boleng tsa oli le khase indasteri bakeng sa Moruo oa Russia

Oli le indasteri khase e na le tšusumetso e bohlokoa ka moruo Serussia. Hona joale, ho ke motheo bakeng sa sebopeho sa tekanyetsokabo le tšebetso ea mafapha tse ling tse ngata tsa moruo. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba le chelete ea sechaba ke haholo-holo itšetlehile ka litheko oli lefatšeng. Epilwe Russia, carbon eneji, le ka botlalo kopana le ho se ho hlokahala malapeng bakeng sa mafura, fana eneji, le tshireletso tsa naha le ho etsa le monehelo bohlokoa ho eneji, le lefatše le lihlahisoa tse tala moruo.

The Federation Russia e na le e ngata haholo hydrocarbon hlahelang. Russia oli le khase indasteri ke o mong oa bo lebisang ea lefatše, ka botlalo kopana jwale le nakong e tlang ka hare tlhokeho ya oli, khase ea tlhaho le lihlahisoa e hloekisitsoeng. A palo e khōlō ea mehlodi ya hydrocarbon le lihlahisoa tsa bona li romeloa linaheng tse ling, ho fana ka replenishment ea mehloli chelete. Russia nka moqolo bobeli e khōlō ea mehloli mokelikeli hydrocarbon ho tloha ka 10% karolo. mehloli ea oli li 'nile tsa tsa utolola le ntshetswa pele ka bolibeng ba libaka tse 35 Serussia.

Oli le Gas Industry: Sebopeho

Ho na le tse 'maloa mehaho dithulaganyo tsa motheo tseo oli le khase indasteri: indasteri bakeng sa tse qotsitsoeng ea oli le khase lipalangoang le ho e lokisa.

• Hydrocarbon tlhahiso ea - e rarahaneng ho akarelletsa le morolo, cheka, tlhahiso le ho toba kalafo e ka sehloohong ea metsi, sebabole le litšila tse ling. Tse qotsitsoeng 'me a pompa ea oli le khase ho noute e kopanela le boikarabello khampani khoebo kapa diyuniti mehaho, eo ho eona tsa dibopeho tsa motheo e akarelletsa booster pompo le spray liteishene, lero la metsi le oli.
• Lipalangoang tsa oli le khase e tsoang libaka tlhahiso ea ho diyuniti boikarabello, ho processors le mosebedisi phahameng ka ho fetisisa etsoa ka lipeipi, metsi, tseleng le ho tsamaisa seporo. Lipeipi (ho tšoasa litlhapi le kutu) ke tsela ka ho fetisisa litšenyehelo ho tsamaisa hydrocarbons, le hoja ditlhomo theko e boima haholo le tlhokomelo. Lipeipi lipalangoang tsa oli le khase re fallele holim'a libaka tse telele, ho akarelletsa le lik'honthinenteng tse fapaneng. Tsamaisa linokana sebelisa likepe tsa oli le likepe tsa ka displacement tsa ho fihlela ho 320 tse likete tse. Tonnes etsoa ka puisano e telele-hōle. Seporo le khoebo likoloi le ka boela ho sebediswa bakeng sa a sa jese litheohelang lipalangoang oli holim'a libaka tse telele, empa theko atleha haholo bakeng sa litsela batlang e le khutšoanyane.
• Processing oa tala hydrocarbon eneji ee hlahiswa ho fumana mefuta e fapaneng ya lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala. Pele ho tsohle, ba ile ba ba mefuta e fapaneng ya mafura le lihlahisoa tse tala bakeng sa ka ho eketsehileng lik'hemik'hale ho e lokisa. tshebetso o etsoang tsoa ka dimela oli e hloekisoang teng. The lokisa ho qetela ea lihlahisoa, ho itšetlehile ka lik'hemik'hale, ba aroloa ka Brands fapaneng. Ho qetela ho etsa thepa mohato e fumanoa ka ho kopanya metsoako e sa tšoaneng e le hore ho fumana ea ho hlophisoa lakatsa tsamaisanang le itseng cha tsa sehlahisoa oli e tala.

tšimo RF

oli Russia le indasteri khase e kenyeletsa 2352 nts'etsoa oilfields. Russia e kholo ka ho fetisisa oli le khase sebakeng ke Bophirimela Siberia entseng hore 60% ya tsohle ntšitsoeng khauta ntsho. Karolo e khōlō ea oli le khase e hlahisoa KhantyMansiysk le Yamalo sebakeng ikemetseng. Moqolo oa tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa libakeng tse ling tsa Federation Russia:

• Volga-Ural botlaaseng - 22%.
• Bochabela Siberia - 12%.
• mobung Northern - 5%.
• Caucasus - 1%.

Karo-karolelano Bophirimela Siberia ka khase ea tlhaho e fihla hoo e ka bang 90%. The mobung kholo ka ho fetisisa (ka libilione tse 10 limithara tse dikhubu) ke ka Urengoy tšimo ka Yamalo-Nenets ikemetseng ka Setereke. Moqolo oa tlhahiso khase libakeng tse ling tsa Federation Russia:

• Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela - 4.3%.
• Volga-Ural depositi - 3.5%.
• Yakutia le Bochabela Siberia - 2,8%.
• Caucasus - 2.1%.

Processing oa oli le khase

Mosebetsi oa ho e lokisa ho sokolla oli jese litheohelang le khase ka lihlahisoa tsa khoebo. lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala e kenyeletsa mafura oli, peterole bakeng sa likoloi, mafura jete, mafura disele. tshebetso e akarelletsa ho hloekisoa distillation, lephaka distillation, catalytic ho sokolla, ho petsoha, alkylation, isomerization le hydrotreating.

khase ea tlhaho e lokisa e kenyeletsa compression-Amine tlhoekiso, glycolic omisa. Tshebetso ya ho fractionation akarelletsa karohano ya liquefied khase ea tlhaho le molapo ka constituent likarolo tsa lona: ethane Propane, butane, isobutane le peterole ea tlhaho.

Lik'hamphani khōlō ka ho fetisisa Russia

Qalong, kaofela ha oli le khase kholo ka ho fetisisa masimo a ba 'nile ba ba le melimo e meng ntle ke mmuso. Ho fihlela joale, mehaho ena di a fumaneha bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ke lik'hamphani poraefete. Kakaretso ea oli e le indasteri khase Russia e na le tse fetang 15 lik'hamphani tse khōlō tsa meepo, ho akarelletsa le tsebahalang "Gazprom", "Rosneft", "Lukoil", "Surgutneftegaz".

Kholo ka ho fetisisa lik'hamphani Serussia naheng ea tlhahiso ea khase le ho e lokisa ke "Gazprom" le "Novatek". Ho indasteri e oli e tala ea isang boemo ba 'maraka oa "Rosneft", e le lik'hamphani isang ke "Lukoil", "Gazprom Neft" le "Surgutneftegaz".

Oli le khase indasteri: hlahloba boemo ba lefatše

Ka palo ea mehloli proven oli ea Federation Russia Ranked botšelela lefatšeng. mehloli e ipakile e le ba hore e ka fumana ka ho sebelisa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele. Isang boemo lefatšeng o Venezuela. Ka tjhelete e ya mehloli oli ka hare ho naha - limilione tse likete tse 298 libarele. Proven mehloli khase ea tlhaho e Russia tse libilione tse 47,6 limithara tse dikhubu. Ke lethathamo la pele lefatšeng le 32% ea kakaretso ea lefatše. Bobeli khase baabi le lefatšeng ke Bochabela bo Hare.

Oli le khase indasteri ka lefatše ho etsa hore re ho rarolla mathata a bohlokoa a moruo, a lipolotiki le a sechaba. Ha boemo bo tšoanelang ka limmaraka eneji, le lefatše, bafepedi ngata oli le khase ka a bale litsenyehelo ea moputso tloha diyantle kenngwa tshebetsong matsete bohlokoa ka moruo ea sechaba, bontsha dipharologanyo kgolo ya e ikhethang. The mehlala ho fetisisa ea neng a hlaheletse ka ho nkoa e le linaheng tse ka Boroa-West Asia, hammoho le Norway, e leng indasteri ntshetsopeleng tlaase, ka lebaka la mehloli e hydrocarbon, e se e 'ngoe ea linaha tse ngata ruileng tsa Europe.

litebello ntshetsopeleng

oli Russia le indasteri khase e haholo-holo itšetlehile ka boitšoaro ba 'marakeng o qothisanang lehlokoa le ka sehloohong la ho hula khase e: Saudi Arabia le United States. Ka ka boeona e, ka palo ea hydrocarbons ntšitsoeng ha beha litheko lefatshe. Index ka sehloohong ke peresente ya tse qotsitsoeng ka matla a oli 'ngoe. Litsenyehelo tsa ho ba tlhahiso ea 1 moqomo ka fapaneng dinaheng-baeta-pele ba fana ka tlhahiso e fapana haholo: ba tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea Bochabela bo Hare, e phahameng ka ho fetisisa United States. Ha imbalance bophahamo ba modumo ea litheko oli ka fetola ka 'ngoe kapa ka tsela e nngwe.