Population le mokhoa dipalopalo tsa lipatlisiso. Hore ho ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mokhoa baahi-dipalopalo?

Mekhoa ea lefa la litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa 'mele oa motho hlahloba ea lekala ea baeloji - liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa botho. E haufi-ufi amanang le physiology e, meriana, tikoloho le e reretsoe ho rarolla mathata a ba bonoa 'me tepelletse maikutlong pele ba pathologies, bakoang ke aberrations ka letamo phatsa ea lefutso ea baahi ba batho - chromosomal, liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso genomic. Population le mokhoa dipalopalo ke e 'ngoe ea mofuta o fetisisa proven ea bonoa le bolela lintho esale pele ba syndromes - mafu lefa batho, ithuta e le tla nehela ho sehlooho sena.

Features ya mokhoa kopo

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bongaka ka mosebetsi oa eona e resorted ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng tsa botho sethusathuto chromosome lipatlisiso, ho atamela ya data ya saense hantle, lipalo-palo le meriana ea tleleniki. Ho na le kotsi motheong mogopolofela ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea baahi le melao ea lona li ne li rerileng ka thuso ea tshekatsheka lipalo. Population-dipalopalo mokhoa e sebediswa eseng feela hore le ho hlwaya tsela e sa tloaelehang le liphatsa tsa lefutso, empa hape ho fumana maqhubu a ya ketsahalo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso jara maloetse ana ka boemo homozygous recessive, le (tse ngata ho tloaelehile hore batho), heterozygous se bonahatsa foromo phenotypic.

Khopolo ea baahi

Ho kenya dipaterone thuto ea lipalo tsa kabo ea litšobotsi tse itseng lefa ka letamo phatsa ea lefutso, liphatsa tsa lefutso resorted ho khopolo ea baahi ba batho. Seo mekhoa ba ho fetisisa ka batloang ke saense ea kajeno ea ho ithuta eona? Seo ke tse tharo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa:

1. Baahi-dipalopalo mokhoa.

2. meloko.

3. Twin.

Tlas'a letamo phatsa ea lefutso utloisisa genotypes batho bohle ba phelang sebakeng se fanoeng. Sena se ka ba le ea baahi ba naha kaofela, e be sechaba se itseng kapa sehlopheng batho phelang ka lekana ka ho itšehla thajana, ho etsa mohlala, baahi ba motse tse lahlehileng lithabeng tsa Afghanistan kapa moloko ka Amazon morung.

The characterization genotypic ea baahi ba kena e behiloeng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsohle le lipontšo Link batho ba lona. Population le mokhoa dipalopalo tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso sebelisoa ho ithuta tsela e sa tloaelehang bobeli seoelo le bao hore na se ikemetseng ka meloko ea mofuta o bonahatsa.

Sehlopha sa pele ke le hlaha ka lebaka la situational teratogens. Sehlopha se seng se akarelletsa e lethathamo le pharaletseng la anomalies, tse hlophisehileng tlalehiloeng ka ho khetheha lelapa, sechaba, bochaba, ka nako ho lekaneng e telele ea nako. Mohlala, polydactyly, bofofu, hemophilia. Ho ithuta mochine oa phetiso ea pathological litšobotsi lefa ho laola mafu ana populjatsionno sebelisoa mokhoa dipalopalo.

Lintlha amang ponahalo ea lefu le predisposition liphatsa tsa lefutso

Moriana multifactorial mofuta ipakile (bobeli liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho) pathologies hore bonahatsa bona ka bobona ka palo ea meloko e 'maloa ea batho. Liphatseng tsa lefutso and analysis ea kgatelelo ya madi, mofuta ke lefu la tsoekere, le asma e, bokuli ba ho kopana hlooho le maloetse a mang le predisposition lefa hloka thuto ea ba likete tse pedigrees.

Ketsahalong ka 'ngoe populjatsionno liphatsa tsa lefutso dipalopalo mokhoa o khona ho lemoha boemo ba itšoare ka sehlopha batho ba phello ea lintlha tsa tikoloho (mahlaseli microelement hlophisoa noa metsi, boemo ba leholimo) le beha joang liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata e hlalosoa.

Ba mafu a batho amanang le heterogeneity liphatsa tsa lefutso ea baahi

Liphello life fana ka and analysis bapisang sa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa merabe phelang ka maemo a tšoanang a tikoloho? Fapana ka lebaka la baahi ba jwalo tšoanang lintlha abiotic ke bopaki ba heterogeneity bona liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Clinical, lelapa le baahi dipalopalo mokhoa bakeng sa ho ithuta sa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa botho li bontšitse hore boemo ba pontšo ea lefu malapeng a e tšoana le maqhubu a lona la ketsahalo e ka baahi. Ba li sebelisoa ho ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso predisposition rheumatism, kulisoa, hammoho le ka lithuto tsa tleleniki e ba baahi ba anngoeng ke mafu multifactorial: multiple sclerosis, la Alzheimer, autism.

Thuto ea lipalo tokafatso ea lefa

Pele ho hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso ho khetheha ea baahi ba batho, re ithuta moralo wa lona mogopolofela fanoa ka mokgwa wa molao o lipalo. mozindo lona e tjena: The maqhubu a ya genotypes ho latela dife kapa dife tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka balwa sebedisa abel tsa chelete lisekoere tsa linomoro tse peli. Leha ho le joalo, palo ea baahi e tlameha e be ho lekaneng khōlō, e ke ke ea ba liphatsa tsa lefutso sa hoholeha 'me kgetho tsa tlhaho mabotho le ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo li etsahale ka boithatelo.

Ho sebelisa mokhoa baahi-dipalopalo ho ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa botho le liphello tsa hlokometse'ng litleleniki tsa, ho ka etsahala ho noha maqhubu a ya phenotypic pontšo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso haelloang, 'me monyetla oa ho ba le ngoana ea nang le bolwetse e.

Mokhoa oa ho lekanya kgonego ya lefu

Mona ke mohlala oa lefa la phenylketonuria - mafu liphatsa tsa lefutso, e leng e thehiloe ho ba le karolo tlōla bohlokwa amino acid e phenylalanine. Ka baahi ba baahi ba European sa tloaelehang phatsa ea lefutso ketsahalo maqhubu f e ke 1: 10,000 bakuli ba homozygous recessive genotype ff.

Sebedisa bokgoni baahi-dipalopalo mokhoa, le dipalelo thuto ea lipalo, ho ke ke ho bonolo ho seta maqhubu a ea phatsa ea lefutso e sa tloaelehang. Ho o lekana le 0,01. Joale e ntan'o ba kgonego ya tšobotsi bontšitsoeng ka phenotype, ke 0,99. Kahoo, bajari ba ka phatsa ea lefutso recessive, ho ba le genotype Ff, etsa 0,02. Ke hore, baahi ena hoo e ka bang 2% ya batho ba phelang ka genotype bona recessive phatsa ea lefutso bakeng sa phenylketonuria.

Ha re ntse re bona, mokhoa baahi-dipalopalo sebelisoa ho a bale maqhubu panmictic baahi liphatsa tsa lefutso le boikarabelo ba ho le pontšo ea pathologies lefa.

Features ya baahi ba batho

Ho iphetola ha lintho ea tsoelo-pele ea batho, eaba ba etsa taxon tsa likokoana-hloko, ka hlahisoa e le tsoelo-pele ea baahi motho, nako e telele ea nako e phelang ka tikoloho ya maemo a tšoanang. Li akarelletsa tšoanang ditekanyetso climatogeographic, ka tsela e 'ngoe e ja, likokoana-hloko ba tloaelehileng.

All ena tlatselitse ho tiisetso ka letamo phatsa ea lefutso ea baahi ba lihlopha tsa alleles tloaelehileng le lipara ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea anthropogenesis e ne e le motheo oa ho ketso ya mefuta e lefa la phetoho le kgetho tsa tlhaho.

Hore ho ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso ea baahi le mekhoa dipalopalo hona joale? Pele ho tsohle, ke phello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa botho ba qobelloa ho itšehla thajana manyalo amana haufi-ufi, ho senyeha ha tikoloho. Ba ile sa etsa hore letamo phatsa ea lefutso ea botho imetsoe ke liphatsa tsa lefutso e sa tloaelehang le ho etsa hore pōpo ea rerisana ya kalafi-liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa khokahano ka bophara etselitsoeng ho khetholla predisposition liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ponahalo ea mafu a sa tšoaneng.