Fella busa - ke ka lebaka la ho sebelisana tsa alleles la phatsa ea lefutso e mong

Fella busa - mofuta o khethehileng oa allele sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso, ao ho 'ona e fokolang e recessive tšobotsi e ke ke ka ho feletseng a hatella' muso o hlaheletseng. Ho latela melao, bulehileng Mendel, 'muso o hlaheletseng ka ho feletseng patelang batho poleloana e reng ea recessive. mofuputsi le ile ka ithuta le bitsoa fapaneng litšobotsi tse ka dimela nang le ponahalo ea ka allele laolang kapa recessive. Maemong a mang, Mendel tobane le ho hlōleha ha melao, empa ba ne ba sa hlalose.

A mofuta o mocha oa lefa la

Ka linako tse ling, ka lebaka la litloholo tšela futsitseng lipontšo lipakeng, e leng ne ke sa fana ka foromo homozygous la phatsa ea lefutso motsoali. Fella busa e ne e se ka sethusathuto tlhaloganyong tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho mathoasong a lilemo tsa XX, ha ba ne ba e Fumanoeng Bocha melao Mendel e. Ka mor'a moo, ba bangata ba bo-rasaense ba likoluoa tsa tlhaho o atlehe liteko liphatsa tsa lefutso le meroho le liphoofolo beha dintho (tamati, legumes, hamsters, litoeba, litholoana lintsintsi).

Mora cytological netefatso ka 1902, Walter Sutton Mendelian mekhoa ea melao-motheo ea phetiso le sebelisana le matšoao a qala ho hlalosa boemo ba boitšoaro ba chromosomes ka seleng.

Ka 1902 e tšoanang Cermak Correns o ile a hlalosa ba joalo ha, ka mor'a ho tšela dimela le tšoeu le tse khubelu corolla ka bana ba ne ba lipalesa tsa pinki mmala - fella busa. Ponahatso ena ea poone e nyalisitsoeng le (genotype LH) bath e lipakeng amanang le ho homozygous ka sehloohong (LH) le recessive (doli) phenotypes. A phello e tšoanang e 'nile ea hlalosoa e bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea limela tse thunyang: snapdragons, hyacinth, ntle bosiu, fragole.

Fella busa - ka lebaka la phetoho ea enzyme sebetsa?

The mochine oa ponahalo ea ka mothofatso ea boraro ea tšobotsi ka hlalosoa ho tloha boemong ba ho mosebetsi oa enzyme tse liprotheine ka tlhaho 'me liphatsa tsa lefutso beha sebopeho protheine. Semela ka homozygous enzyme laolang genotype (LH) e ne e tla lekana le palo ea pigment tla tšoanang lebelo ho e tlhokomelwa fela thata letheba ka seleng la qeta.

Homozygotes le recessive alleles (doli) pigment tswakana robehileng whisk ntse uncolored. Tabeng ea lipakeng heterozygous genotype (LH), ka phatsa ea lefutso e ka sehloohong ntse e fana ka chelete e itseng a potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le boikarabelo ba ho pigmentation, empa ha hoa lekana bakeng sa ho mebala e khanyang satureaed. E fellang kateng 'mala oa "halofo."

Matšoao futsitseng ke mofuta lipakeng

Joalo lefa la fella bonwe hantle ka pontšo e polygonal matšoao:

1. 'Mala matla. William Bateson, tšela white dikgogo Andalusian bakang ho bakang le masiba a silevera. Ka tlhaloso ea botho leihlo iris e 'mala khetla e boetse joale a sebetsang a mochine.
2. Tekanyo ea ho tiea tsa matšoao. moriri oa motho o boetse o ikemiselitse ho fella lefa la tšobotsi. Genotype LH fana moriri Curly, doli - otlolohile, 'me batho ba nang le alleles bobeli na le moriri wavy.
3. Lekanyegang litsupa. bolelele koro tsebe e futsitseng ka lebaka la busa fella.

Molokong oa F2 phenotypes palo ketekeloang hong le palo ea genotypes hore ba tsebahala ka ea fella busa. Teko sefapano e le ho fumana hore na poone e nyalisitsoeng u se ke ua hloka, hobane ba ne ba sheba fapaneng ho tloha ka sehloohong mela hloeka.

Bokaholimo ba matsoele ka matšoao tšela

E feletseng le fellang busa joaloka sebelisana phatsa ea lefutso e hlaha ho latela melao mentlele ea Mendel. Tabeng ea pele, karo-karolelano ea phenotypes F2 (3: 1) ha e tsamaisane le karo-karolelano ea genotypes bana (1: 2: 1) tlhakantsuke ka phenotypically tsa LH le LH alleles hlaha e tšoanang. Ebe fella busa - ka papali ka F2 boholo ba genotypes fapaneng le phenotypes (1: 2: 1).

Ka fragola colouring Ke futsitseng selemo ka lebaka la busa fella. Ha ho tšela semela le monokotsoai le e khubelu (LH) le semela le monokotsoai le tšoeu - genotype LH, moloko pele ea limela tsohle fumaneng e tla beha litholoana ka 'mala o pinki (LH).

Poone e nyalisitsoeng ba tšela ho tloha f1, F2 ka litloholo molokong o mong ka bobeli fumana mabapi eo ketekeloang hong le genotype hore: 1AA + + 2Aa 1AA. 25% ya dimela la moloko oa bobeli e tla fana ka litholoana tse khubelu le uncolored, 50% ea limela - pinki.

A mohlala oo tla hlokomela melokong e 'meli ka ho tšela mela e hloekileng le mebala e lipalesa tse ntle bosiu corolla pherese le tšoeu.

Features ea lefa la tabeng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea batho ba shoang

Maemong a mang, karo-karolelano ea phenotypes oa bana ke ho le thata ho fumana hore na joang liphatsa tsa lefutso sebelisana. Molokong oa bobeli ke ea fella busa petsoha e fapane le e lebeletsoe ea 1: 2: 1 le 3: 1 - ka botlalo. Sena se etsahala ha o ka sehloohong kapa recessive tšobotsi ka boemo homozygous fana ka phenotype hore ha se lumellane le bophelo (bolaeang liphatsa tsa lefutso).

Ka Astrakhan le linku tsa ka o moputsoa 'mala likonyana sa tsoa tsoaloa tse homozygous bakeng sa' muso o hlaheletseng allele mala, lia shoa ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore genotype ena ke tlōlo ea mpeng.

Ho batho, e le mohlala oa ho shoa ha mofuta o ka sehloohong oa phatsa ea lefutso e - brachydactyly (korotkopalost). Letšoao lemoha ka tabeng ea ho genotype heterozygous, ha homozygotes ka sehloohong a shoa le ka methati ea pele ea ntshetsopeleng fetal.

E ka ba bolaeang recessive alleles. Sekele seleng ea khaello ea mali e etsa hore, tabeng ea alleles pedi recessive ka genotype le, ya ho theha phetoho erythrocytes. lisele tse mali li ke ke ka tsela e atlehang ho khomaretse oksijene le 95% ea bana ba nang le anomaly ena ba bolaoa ke oksijene tlala. Ka heterozygotes e fetotsoeng mofuta o mong oa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali e sa ameha ho isa tekanyong e joalo ka solofetsa ka.

Bokaholimo ba matsoele ka ho ba teng ha lipontšo tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le bolaeang

Ka moloko oa pele, ha a tšela LH: x doli shoang ke ke sa etsahala, hobane litloholo tsohle ba tla ba le LH genotype. Fana ka mehlala ea lipontšo tsa petsoha bakeng sa Maemong a isa molokong o mong bobeli liphatsa tsa lefutso le bolaeang:

Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore phello ea ha bobeli ba ne ba chesa fella busa ba bang, 'me phello ea hatella leeme tšobotsi hlaha ho tswa ho sebelisana tsa lihlahisoa phatsa ea lefutso.