Phela ka lebaka la bonono: nalane ya decadence

Mohlolo le hlollang lentsoe "decadence" o tsejoa e seng feela bakeng sa mola tsebahalang ho tswa pina ke Agatha Christie "opium le bakeng sa mang kapa mang." Ka linako tse ling tse sa tšoaneng, batho ba 'nileng ne a bolela hore lentsoe telele letoto la liketsahalo tsa setso ho tloha nakong ea bonono ho mekhatlo e itseng ea sechaba hore tsona li sebelisa metsoako ea decadence. Lula le tletlerana le bohloko bo boholo, ka bohale bohale ba lehare leolitsoeng ka Kolko Loose khalase - tsena ke litšobotsi tsa decadence, a ntse a etsa hore e le lekunutu kapa totobetse thahasello.

Pale ea decadence, ha re ntse re tseba kajeno, ba ile ba qala ha nako e telele e fetileng, empa ke rue mehlala tse mebala-bala 'me litlhaloso tsa botho. Ea leshome le metso e robeli le ea leshome le metso e robong lekholong la lilemo la - the mehla ea phetoho e khōlō 'me e ke ka nako ena e simoloha pale ea "aesthetes tsielehile" roba meeli tloaelehileng, histori ea decadence.

Ka lekhetlo la pele poleloana e reng "decadence" 'nile la sebelisoa e le letšoao la liketsahalo setso' Musong oa Roma, e tluoa tabeng ea ho tswa ho Latin le French decadentia décadence, e bolelang fokotseha ka, oela. Decadence Now khetholloa ka subculture gotika Leha ho le joalo , tlhaloso ena ha se 'nete ka ho feletseng. Lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong morao, bangoli ba bang ba bangata, kopantseng mosebetsing oa hae ba bang ba likarolo tsa tšoantšetso, aestheticism le romanticism, fumana pululelo ka mesebetsi ea Edgara Alana Poe - Mongoli ea libakeng tse boletsoeng ka holimo, hammoho le seo ho thoeng ke "Gothic bukeng." bolileng filosofi kopanyang ea pōpo ho atamela e le hantle, ka ho sa feleng batla botle ka doldrums: lefu, ho nyahama, ba baetsalibe sensuality. setso bolileng e tšoauoa ka tokoloho ea botho, renunciation ya ka kakaretso a amohela litloaelo tsa boitšoaro le stereotypes, le bolokolohi ba ho nahana le phelang ka eona, hammoho le ho batho bao e seng ho amohela khopolo ea ho meea ka boeona. Kahoo, gotika morao-rao ananelang feela mekhoa ea decadence, empa bopa dikgopolo tsa tsena ke se tsoanang.

Ntshetsopeleng e potlakileng ea khopolo ea decadence qalileng teng ka mor'a filosofi le tsa histori treatise "ke lipontso ka lisosa tsa boholo le ho oa ha Baroma." Ho eona, Charles-Lui De Montesquieu, e tsejoang ka nako e le French rafilosofi le ngotseng, ho bontša ka tokoloho le a sebetsang a complicity ba sechaba ka bophelo bo phatlalatsa, e le tiiso ea ya ntshetsopele ya setjhaba. Ka mohlala oa 'Muso oa Roma, Montesquieu pheha khang hore ke feela ka boemo ba ikemetseng, e leng e bolokwa ka fumana tokoloho ea botho tsa baahi ba, ka hlōla nala, maemong a mang, mokhatlo oa e ahlotsoeng ho bola le degeneration. Hamorao tsena mantsoe a - the fokotseha le degeneration - kena ka tšebeliso bahlahlobisisi bongoling. Leha ho le joalo, le bangodi ba nako eo ba ne ba sa hlajoe ke lihlong tsa bona "moea bolileng." Ho fapana le hoo, le motlotlo ka eena.

Kahoo decadence ne ho se na nyenyefatsa telele, 'me ea e-ba letšoao la bofetoheli le ho bōpa ho ipelaetsa. Ka ketsahalo ea sechaba e lithunthung lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong morao - ho ke ke ka nako ena siea moqoqo 'o silafetseng boitsoarong Movement ka Literature "Artura Saymonsa, le bukeng" The Picture of Dorian Gray "ke Oscar Wilde, bakileng khang e khōlō ka ho Engelane,' me batho ba phelang mothofatso oa decadence aristocratic fetoha Robert de Khao Montesquiou, franztsuzsky mongoli le ea chesehang esthete ea ileng a etsa dandyism le bonono mokhoa oa bophelo ba hae. Ka nako e tšoanang lengoa khopolo ea aesthetics, free-mofuta o okametse dikahare, bophelo ka lebaka la botle, bokhabane le sensuality, le bangoli ba bolileng hatisa hore bonono 'nete e sa e hlokehang ho lumellana le mofuta o mong oa boitšoaro bo botle. Ha e le hantle, boitšoarong leha e le efe a lokisetsa, sechabeng o ile a amohela, a hana le ho nkoa e feletsoe ke nako.

Joale ho ea pele decadence ho feta feela ho bonono le ile ea e-ba ikemetseng le hantle, feto-fetoha le filosofi. Ho eona, e seng feela ho lemoha litšobotsi tsa tšoantšetso, romanticism, individualism, empa hape aesthetics, dandyism, gentility. Around nako ena ea decadence e ne e le qalo ea ho modernism. Great tšusumetso e ka filosofi ea aestheticism le decadence ne Oskar Uayld, tummeng eseng feela bakeng sa lipale tsa lona tse poteletseng le ho ithiba le ho ferekanngoa ke pono ea lefatše, empa capacious ngola selelekeleng ho reissue tsa "Portrait tsa Dorian Gray" ea hae bukeng. Ho eona, o qaqileng le ka mokhoa o nepahetseng e hlalosa hore likhopolo tsa sehlooho tsa aesthetics, e neng e nehela bophelo ba hae ka kaofela: Mongoli e lumelloa ho emela ka mesebetsi ea hae e le ntho empa motlatsi, boitšoaro bo bobe hammoho le ho loka, ho hloka sekoli - feela motheo oa mosebetsi oa hae. Ka o ile a hatisa Wilde, ka bonono ho na le ho na taba ea boitšoaro bo bobe, ho na le ke feela le tsebo kapa mediocre mokhoa oa bolaoa.

Ho phaella ho Wilde, ho fokotseha ha mehla khanyetsa joalo khang lipalo ka Ernest Dowson, Sharl Bodler, Zinaida Gippius, Marie Corelli le ba bang li bonahatsoa amogelwang le ha e ntse se amahanngoang le lefifi sekoli tšoantšetsa decadence :. Absinthe, silindara, lisutu, accented bokhabane ikamahantseng ho batlang e utloahale, 'me haeba ho se tsotelle ka phoso, meqoqo e telele mabapi le bonono le bophelo letsatsi le le leng. Decadence hase ikhethang ho hysteria, empa pretentiousness theatrical, affectation, ka takatso e matla ho nyahama, khotsofatsa litakatso tsa nama ho hlahisa maikutlo, ha e kopana le a batang le aristocratic tukang maikutlo - hape e mong oa litšobotsi tsa decadence.

Senolang histori ea boholo-holo decadence utloileng eaba hona joale: ka hae 'mino aesthetics e sebediswa Obermaneken, kabare Pierrot Le fou, Agata Kristi, bafu ba ka Dance, Marilyn Manson. Mosebetsing oa tšusumetso e fetileng ya dandyism ka kakaretso le ka decadence ho khetheha ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa amahanngoa ka album songs ea The Golden Age Of dibaga.

Ka kajeno decadence mangata glamour gateleg le gotika, empa boinehelo ba ho khale bolileng bonono e se e lebala. Kajeno e le mofuta o le mong feela oa masquerade, kopanya e le "papali e fokotseha": ba feto-fetoha-nyatsa, tsielehile ka letsoho wringing le mali fake ka manonyeletso hae ho ipolaea. Romanticizing la lefifi le lefu ntse e etsa hore ho amehiloeng ka, empa e epoch la seo a se finyeletseng kholo hakaalo se ka mor'a rōna, 'me le eona ea nyamela mokhoa tlisa bophelong le bonono le etsa bonono bophelo ba hae.