Parenchymal degeneration. ho tlakasela human anatomy

Ka linako tse ling, ho ka go ikatisetsa litleleniki tsa ho na le ntho e kang parenchymal degeneration. Pathological human anatomy amana bona ho tšitiso ka koaletsoeng metabolism. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, 'mele o roba fatše tshebetso ya phepelo le bokella limatlafatsi tse ngata, tse isang morphological (bonwang) phetoho. Bontša bolwetse e ka ba karolo ya kapa ka mor'a letoto la liteko haholo itseng. Parenchymal le stromal-vascular degeneration ke motheong oa mafu a tse ngata le bolaeang.

tlhaloso

Parenchymal degeneration - ke pathological dithulaganyo tse lebisang ho liphetoho ka sebopeho seleng ea ba litho tsa. Har'a mekgwa ea lisele lefu ho intša secrete eneji, le sekgeo ho hloka taolo le fermentopathy, mafu discirkulatornaya (mali, lisele tsa mmele, interstitium, intercellular mokelikeli), endocrine le degeneration bokong.

Ho na le mekgwa e 'maloa ea degeneration:

- khukhuneloa, ke hore, ho tsamaisa fetang lihlahisoa mali a metabolism hare sele kapa sebaka kantle ho sele ka lebaka la ho hlōleha ha litsamaiso potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ea 'mele;

- li bole kapele kapa PHANEROZOIC emela bola intracellular dibopeho, e isang ho qhala ea metabolism le bokella lihlahisoa metaboliki unoxidized;

- fosahetseng tswakana ya dintho tse tlwaelehileng seleng ea ha e bapala;

- phetoho limatlafatsi kena seleng ho aha efe kapa efe mofuta o mong oa qetellong lihlahisoa-(lihaha-'mele, mafura kapa lik'habohaedreite).

tlhophiso

Pathologists ke mefuta e latelang ea parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Ho itšetlehile ka liphetoho tse morphological:

- feela parenchymal;

- stromal-vascular;

- tsoakileng.

2. Ho ea ka mofuta oa lintho tse bokeletseng:

- protheine kapa disproteinozy;

- mafura kapa lipidoses;

- k'habohaedreite;

- matsoai.

3. Joalokaha ho ho ata ha ba tshebetso:

- System;

- sebaka seo.

4. Ka nako ya ketsahalo:

- fumana;

- congenital.

Tseo kapa tse ling tse parenchymal degeneration pathological kaheho e hlalosa se feela mahlahana a kotsi, empa hape ka specifics ea lisele tse amehileng. Phetoho ea ho tloha e mong ho dystrophy mong ke theoretically khoneha, empa hoo e batlang e khoneha feela ho kopantswe malwetse. Parenchymal degeneration - ke motheo oa tshebetso etsahalang ka seleng, empa karolo feela ea ka lefu litleleniki tsa e kenyeletsang morphological le tshebetso khaello ea setho ho khetheha.

Disproteinozy

'Mele oa motho haholo-holo e na le lihaha-'mele, le metsi. Protein limolek'hule ke karolo ea marako a sele eo, lera la tsa mitochondria le organelles a mang, ho phaella moo, ba na le bolokolohi ba ho cytoplasm ena. E le busa, ho ke ke enzyme.

Disproteinozom ho seng joalo bitsoa bolwetse e parenchymal protheine dystrophy. Le hantle lona itšetlehile ka 'nete ea hore lihaha-'mele lisele fetola thepa ea bona, hammoho le feta liphetoho mehaho, tse kang denaturation kapa kollikvatsiya. Nang le protheine e parenchymal dystrophy bolela hyaline marotholi, hydropic, lenaka le granular dystrophy. Ka la pele tse tharo li tla e ngotsweng ka ho qaqileng, empa ea bobeli, granular, tšoauoa ka hore le protheine bakoang ka lisele tsa lijo-thollo, ka lebaka la ho eo lisele li a otlolla, 'me' mele o e eketseha, ho ba hlephileng le lerootho. Ke ka lebaka leo granular dystrophy boetse o bitsoa lerootho ho ruruha. Empa bo-rasaense ba na pelaelo hore ho parenchymal degeneration. Necropsy ya tshebetso e joalo e ka nkuwa bakeng sa lijo-thollo compensatory eketsehileng sebopeho lisele, e le ho arabela ho imeloa kelellong tshebetso.

Hyaline droplet degeneration

Le mofuta ona wa dystrophy liseleng hyaline hlaha marotholi kholoanyane eo qetellong ba kopane ka mong ho e mong, le tlale ka hare sebaka kaofela ea lisele, displacing kapa ho timetsa organelles bona. Sena se etsa hore ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi, 'me esita le seleng ea lefu. Hangata ka ho fetisisa lefu lena le hlaha ka dinama tse nyenyane tse renal, bonyane ka sebete le pelo.

Nakong cytology mora biopsy renal, ho phaella ho ho bokella hyaline ka nephrocytes bontša timetso ea likarolo lisele. ketsahalo ena e bonahala ha mokuli develops e vacuolar-lysosomal hloleha, leng isang ea fokotseha ka reabsorption tsa protheine tswa moroto mathomo. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, bolwetse o hlahellang teng lefu nephrotic. The phumano fetisisa khafetsa bakuli bana - glomerulonephritis le amyloidosis renal. 'mele Exterior ha a fetohe ha hyaline droplet dystrophy.

Liseleng sebete boemo ke a batla a fapaneng. Nakong microscopy ba ile ba fumana nyenyane Mallory entsoeng ka fibrils le hyaline tahang. ponahalo ea bona e amanang le lefu Wilson e, joala lefu la sebete, hammoho le biliary ho thatafala ha sebete le ho Indian. Phello ea sena ke a sa thabiseng - sebete seleng ea necrosis, ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi oa eona.

hydropic dystrophy

pono ena e fapana le dystrophies e mong hore liseleng nang le tšoaetso, organelles ntjha tletse mokelikeli. Maemong a mangata, e joalo e sa tloaelehang e ka bonoa ka letlalo le tubule renal lisele ka sebete, mesifa, 'me tšoelesa adrenal.

Lisele tse microscopically atolosoa, cytoplasm ea bona e tletse vacuoles le sebeletsang pepeneneng dikahare mokelikeli. Ea mantlha e ile a khaotsa kapa lysed, le mehaho e setseng ba felisitsoe. Qetellong, ka seleng ke "balune" tlala metsi. Ka lebaka leo, hydropic dystrophy ka linako tse ling bitsoa balune.

mele feteletseng ba lule ba hoo e batlang e sa fetohe. The mochine oa ntshetsopele ya lefu lena - tlōla colloid osmotic khatello ea ka seleng le ka sebaka sa intercellular. Ka lebaka la e lumellang metsi ho kena ena e se e eketsehile tsa lera la sele ea lisele shoa le bola. Mabaka liphetoho tse joalo K'hemik'hale eo e ka ba glomerulonephritis, lefu la tsoekere, renal amyloidosis. The phetoho liseleng sebete kenya letsoho hore ho lefu la sebete bongata ba kokwanahloko le nang le chefo e. Ka letlalo hydropic degeneration ka bakoa ke kokoana-hloko ea sekholopane.

E fella ka tshebetso pathological tsa tsepamiso kapa palo yohle necrosis, kahoo le phetoho le mosebetsi wa ka potlako bo ntse bo mpefala.

cornea degeneration

Pathological mele actinic - ke ho bokella ka tsela e feteletseng ea keratin ka le dikarolo le holim 'a letlalo, a kang hyperkeratosis le ichthyosis, le ho hlaha ha ntho geile, moo, joalokaha ho le busa, ho lokela ho ba - ka lera la mucous (leukoplakia, squamous carcinoma seleng e). Tshebetso ena e ka ba ea moo 'me palo yohle.

Mabaka a mofuta ona wa mafu ka ba mafu a ectodermal kokoana-hloko nakong eo embryogenesis, sa foleng a hlabang liphetoho dinama tse nyenyane tse, tšoaetso ea vaerase 'me haella a vithamine.

Ha kalafo e qalile hang ka mor'a hore matšoao a pele, lesela ka ntse hlaphoheloa, empa maemong a tsoetseng pele, pheko ha e sa khoneha. Long-o teng libaka lenaka dystrophy ka mpefala ka kankere ea letlalo, 'me congenital ichthyosis e lumellane le bophelo ba fetal.

lefa dystrophy

Lefa parenchymal degeneration etsahala ka lebaka la ho fermentopathia congenital. mafu tsena li boetse o bitsoa mafu a polokelo 'nile ka lebaka la ho mafu a tshilong ya dijo, lihlahisoa tshilong ya dijo ka ipokellela ka lisele le maro a' mele, chefo e. Baemeli o tsebahalang haholo ke tsa sehlopha sena ke phenylketonuria, tirozinoz le cystinosis.

Shebiloeng makala bakeng sa phenylketonuria ke tsamaiso e khopo e bohareng ea methapo, mesifa, letlalo, le mokelikeli (mali, moroto). lihlahisoa tshilong ya dijo ka tirozinoze ipokellela ka sebete lisele tse, a liphio le masapo. Cystinosis hape ama sebete le liphio, empa ntle le bona, ba nang spleen, thaka tsa, lesapo moko, tsamaiso lymphatic le letlalo.

lipidoses

Lipids tse mong le seleng, ba ka ba ka bobeli ka thoko 'me hammoho le liprotheine le diyuniti mehaho ho ba seleng ea lera la, hammoho le ultrastructures tse ling. Ho feta moo, ka cytoplasm ke glycerol le tse mafura acid. E le hore ba khona ho utloa bona e lisele sebelisa mekhoa e khethehileng ea ho lokisa sepeiti le staining, tse kang Sudan o motsho kapa o mofubelu, acid e osmic, Nile putsoa sulphate. Mora litokisetso itseng fuoa koetliso ka hloko ba hlahloba ka tlas'a e elektrone ya microscope.

Parenchymal mafura degeneration bontša ka bokella ka tsela e feteletseng ea mafura moo ba ileng ba lokela ho ba, 'me ponahalo ea lipids ho na moo ba ileng ba lokela ho ba. Ba le tšekamelo ea ho ipokellela mafura nke lehlakore. Shebiloeng makala li tšoana le hore ba nang le protheine dystrophy - pelo, liphio le sebete.

Mafura parenchymal myocardial dystrophy qala ka ponahalo e myocytes la marotholi e nyenyane haholo ea mafura, e le hore ke. N. pulverized botenya. Haeba tshebetso ha e khaotse ho mothating ona, ka nako eo o ile a qetella marotholi coalesce 'me e be a maholo, ho fihlela ho tla lula ho cytoplasm kaofela. Organelles kahoo ba qhalane, striated likhoele mesifa disappears. Lefu lena le bontša ka boeona e sebakeng sa heno ho pota venous vascular bethe.

Feteletseng parenchymal mafura degeneration bontša ka boeona e ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, tsohle itšetlehile ka ho ba sethaleng sa tshebetso. Qalong ea tepelletse maikutlong ka etswa feela tlasa microscope, empa ka nako eo pelo e ile ea eketseha ka otlolla lisele, marako a oona a ba tšesaane le flabby, ka karolong ea myocardium ka bonoa metopa theoha bosehla. The pathophysiology oa 'mele ona o ile a tla le lebitso "nkoe pelo".

Tse mafura degeneration tsa makala parenchymal hlahisa ka mekgwa mararo a ka sehloohong.

1. The phumantsho ya mahala mafura acid liseleng myocardial eketseha.
2. Tlōlo ea metabolism mafura.
3. Ho putlama ha mehaho e sa lipoprotein ka hare ho sele.

Hangata ka ho fetisisa, mekgwa tsena li bakoa nakong hypoxia, tšoaetso (metso o mosoeu, lefuba sepsis) le botahoa le chloride le phosphorus, kapa arsenic.

Ka tloaelo ho, tse mafura degeneration e reversible, le tšenyo ho dibopeho seleng ea li fokotsehile ka mor'a nako. Empa haeba ho e mathang ka matla, tsohle e fella ka lefu la dinama tse nyenyane tse le ho litho tse ling. Baoki ba latelang mafu amanang le bokella mafura a lisele tsa tsona li:

- lefu Gaucher ya;

- lefu Tay-Sachs;

- Niemann-nka lefu, 'me ba bang.

k'habohaedreite dystrophy

lik'habohaedreite tsohle, tse teng 'meleng li ka aroloa ka polysaccharides (atileng ka ho fetisisa tseo ka tsona ke glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: acid e hyaluronic le chondroitin, heparin), le glycoproteins (mucins, i.e. le mucus le mucoid).

E le hore re hlwaya lik'habohaedreite ka lisele tsa tsona li mele, le teko e itseng e etsoa - Schick itšoara joang. mozindo lona ke hore lesela e tšoaroa ka acid e nako le nako, 'me joale magenta. Le aldehydes retelehela khubelu. Haeba u batla ho khetha glycogen, ho reagents li ekeletsoa amylase ena. Glycosaminoglycans le glycoproteins qaphalletsoa le methylene putsoa. Parenchymal k'habohaedreite dystrophy amanang hangata le maloetse a tshilong ya dijo tsa glycogen le glycoproteins.

Tlōlo ea metabolism glycogen

Glycogen - e mehloli 'mele bakeng sa "letsatsi pula lapile." Boholo ba bona a 'na a ka sebete le mesifa le expends eneji, le hona ka mokhoa o lekanyelitsoeng haholo. Molao oa tsamaiso ea k'habohaedreite metabolism le hlaha ka tsamaiso neuroendocrine. Karolo e phethoang ka sehloohong e bapala, joalokaha e le tloaelo, ho hypothalamic-pituitary tsamaiso. E ya hlahiswa hormone Tropic hore laola litsoelesa tse ling tsohle endocrine.

Tlōlo ea metabolism glycogen ke keketseho kapa fokotseha chelete lona ka lisele, 'me ponahalo moo ha hoa lokela ho ba joalo. ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa liphetoho tse joalo li etsahala ka lefu la tsoekere mellitus kapa lefa polokelo glycogen. Pathogenesis la lefu la tsoekere e hantle haholo a utloisisa: lisele tsa manyeme ho khaotsa ho hlahisa insulin hore e kene ka tjhelete e hlokahala, 'me mehloli eneji, le li-cell li ntse li tsamaea ka potlako ha mo qeta ka tsoekere ha e ipokellela ka lisele le excreted meleng ona o ka moroto. 'Mele "e qala" mehloli lona,' me haholo-holo develops parenchymal degeneration sebete. Ka nuclei ba hepatocytes hlaha dikgao lucid, 'me ba khanyang. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba bitsoa "letho konokono".

glycogenoses lefa bakoang ke ho hloka kapa ba sieo ha enzyme amehang ho bokella glycogen. Hona joale e tsejoang mafu joalo 6:

- lefu Gierke ya ;

- lefu Pompe ;

- Glycogen polokelo mofuta lefu V;

- lefu Hers ';

- lefu Forbes-Cori;

- lefu Andersen oa.

differential bona tepelletse maikutlong ke khoneha ka mor'a sebete biopsy le tšebeliso gistofermentnogo hlahlojoe.

Tlōlo ea metabolism glycoprotein

Sena degeneration parenchymal bakoang ke ho bokella ka lisele tsa mucins kapa mucoids. Ho seng joalo, tsena dystrophy boetse o bitsoa mucous kapa mucoid, ka lebaka la bath inclusions tumellano. Ka linako tse ling ipokellela ka mucins 'nete, empa feela amanang le dintho tse ka tiisitsoe. Tabeng ena, ho tluoa tabeng ea colloidal dystrophy.

Microscopy ya dinama tse nyenyane tse ho bona hore hase feela hore ha e le hantle ya ho ba teng ha mucus, empa thepa ea lona. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore maloanlahla a lisele le secretion viscous thibela outflow tloaelehileng ea mokelikeli ho tswa ho litsoelesa le, cysts li thehoa, le litaba tse ka hare tsa bona le tšekamelo ea ho ho ruruha.

Lisosa tsa mofuta ona wa dystrophy e ka ba fapaneng haholo, empa hangata ka ho fetisisa ke catarrhal ruruha mucous le. Ho phaella moo, haeba lefu le lefa, pathogenetic mohlala oo ho tlakoloha hantle hara tlhaloso ea mucous dystrophy. Sena cystic fibrosis. Ameha manyeme, mala tube,, pampitšana mosese, pampitšana biliary, litsoelesa mofufutso le litsoelesa mathe.

Qeto ya mofuta oa lefu itšetlehile ka ka tjhelete e le bolelele ba nako ea mucus tjhajoloha lona. Nako e ka tlaase ho moo e fetisoa ho tloha ho e le qalo ea ho pathological ka ho eketsehileng, ka etsahala hore e mucous hlaphoheloa ka botlalo. Empa maemong a mang e epithelial desquamation, multiple sclerosis, 'me tlōlo ea mosebetsi ba anngoeng le litho tse ling.