Na ua tseba hore na liphatsa tsa lefutso ke life?

Potso ea hore na ke liphatsa life tsa lefutso li thahasellisang haholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bohle ba tseba hore tlhahiso ea lefutso e fetisoa ho tloha ho batsoali ho ea ho ngoana, empa mokhoa oa ho boloka tlhahisoleseding ena ho batho ba bangata ha oa hlaka. Litšobotsi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li teng ho batho bohle ba phelang, 'me li fumana lintlha tsohle tsa pele mabapi le' mele: ponahalo ea eona, ea mofuta oa mefuta e itseng, likarolo tsa mohaho le joalo.

Ba bangata ba hopola ho tloha thutong ea baeloji ea sekolo hore boitsebiso bona bo bolokoa DNA - e 'ngoe ea li-nucleic acid tse kholo . Ke ketane ea deoxyribonucleic acid e khethollang botho ba motho kapa phoofolo ho tloha sebakeng sa pono ea physiology. Empa mantsoe a reng "DNA" le "liphatsa tsa lefutso" a amana joang? A re hlahlobeng mantsoe ana.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso le DNA ke life?

Mohahong oa deoxyribonucleic acid , libaka tse fapaneng li khetholloa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa boteng ba tlhahisoleseding e itseng ho mong'a bona. Ke likarolo tsena tsa ketane tse nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Li na le tlhahisoleseding mabapi le protheine, 'me liprotheine ke lintho tsa tlhaho tsa mohoho. Lintho tsohle tsa karolo ea sele ea 'mele ea' mele e entsoe ka genome ea sebōpeho sa bophelo. Karolo e 'ngoe ea boitsebiso bona e fetisoa ho ntate, e' ngoe e futsitsoe ho 'mè.

Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho hlahisa boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, hona joale ho khoneha ho theha kamano e nepahetseng ea boikokobetso, mohlala, bo-ntate. Ha e le hantle, potso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ke e rarahaneng ho lekaneng ho e araba ka mantsoe a mabeli. Empa ka puo ea litšoantšo, u ka nolofatsa boitsebiso bona ka tsela e itseng. A re ke re nahaneng ka ketane ea DNA ka sebōpeho sa buka e buang ka bophelo bo itseng, joale liphatsa tsa lefutso li tla ba mantsoe a arohaneng makasineng ena. Mongolo o mong le o mong o na le litlhaku tse 4 feela, empa ho tsona o ka eketsa palo e sa lekanyetsoang ea lipolelo. Ke hore, liphatsa tsa lefutso ke phetoho ea lik'hemik'hale tse 'nè tsa lik'hemik'hale. Likhase tsena tsa nucleic li bitsoa adenine, cytosine, guanine le thymine. Tsela e nyenyane ea ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso lefapheng la liphatsa tsa lefutso, ha e 'ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale e fetoha e' ngoe, e lebisa phetohong moelelong oa "polelo" ka kakaretso. 'Me ha re ntse re hopola, liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso li ikarabella bakeng sa sebopeho sa protheine. Boitsebiso bo bong ho lona - sebopeho se seng sa protheine - likarolo tse ncha tsa 'mele. Empa liphetoho tse joalo li ka khoneha feela ka ho fetisetsa boitsebiso ba lefutso, ka hona bara le barali babo rōna ba batsoali ba tšoanang ba fapana, le haeba ba le mafahla a tšoanang. Empa tlhahisoleseding e nang le genome ea rona ha e fetohe ho tloha ho tsoalo ho fihlela lefung.

Genese e tsofetseng

Tšepo ea bophelo le mekhoa ea liphetoho tse amanang le lilemo tse etsahalang le motho e itšetlehile ka boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Karolo ea khoutu e tla be e ikarabella ka botsofali ha e fumanoe, empa bo-rasaense ba pheha khang ea hore ha ho bonolo hore data e joalo e bolokoe ka DNA sebakeng se le seng. Botsofali ke mokhoa o rarahaneng o amang mekhoa eohle ea 'mele, ka hona "mabone a saense" a sa ntsane a ntse a batlisisa nako e telele.

Pono e thahasellisang empa ho e-na le e tsosang takatso ea bolaoli e ile ea hlahisoa bukeng e phatlalalitsoeng ka 1976. E ngotsoe ke setsebi sa litsebi sa Senyesemane KR Dawkins. "Gene ea boithati" ke mosebetsi oa bo-rasaense oo ho oona khopolo e tsoelang pele ea hore matla a ho iphetola ha lintho ke takatso ea ho eketsa mekhoa ea ho fetoha ha mefuta. Khetho e etsahala lefapheng la liphatsa tsa lefutso, eseng boemong ba batho le batho ba khethehileng. Ka kakaretso, ha ho karabo e tobileng ea potso: "Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke eng?" Mohlomong likhopolo tse mabapi le libaka tsena tsa DNA le tsoelo-pele ea saense li tla khutlisoa ka boitsebiso bo bocha 'me li fetotsoe ka ho teba.