Mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine: mehlala. Mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea liprotheine

Liprotheine tse ka tlhaho li etsahala metsoako manyolo eo na le sebopeho macromolecular. The molek'hule ea dintho tsena ke nerazvetvlyayuschimsya polymer. Liprotheine hahoa tloha amino acid 20. Ba mehaho limolek'hule unit trust bonyane - monomer. dikarolo tsohle di kokangana protheine polypeptide, ka mantsoe a mang - e urea, e kgokahanyo ka ketane e telele ho lekana. Tabeng ena, e boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule ka Range ho tloha e seng mekae likete tse ho fihlela ho limilione tse likaroloana tsa athomo.

Ke eng e ka ba le protheine

Ho fumana hore na mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa protheine, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho utloisisa sebōpeho sa dintho tsena. Ka nako eo ho na le mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse peli tsa karolo ena ea bohlokoa e motho: fibrous le globular. Khetholla ba haholo-holo ka lebaka la phapang ea sebopeho sa protheine molek'hule.

Globular ntho e hantle qhibilihang ka har'a eseng feela ka metsi a empa hape le ka ditharollo letsoai. Ka tsela eo le protheine e joalo molek'hule e na le sebopeho chitja. Jwalo solubility ntle e ka ba habonolo a hlalosa lefelo la litlhaka kahare qosoa amino acid e, e leng ba pota-potiloe ke khetla hydration, ka holim 'a globule ena. Sena ke seo e fana ka mabitso a mang ntle joalo le solvents tse sa tšoaneng. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore metsoako sehlopheng globular akarelletsa ho potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale ho tsohle, hammoho le liprotheine hoo e batlang e tsohle biologically mafolofolo.

Mabapi le dintho fibrous, limolek'hule tsa bona ba na le mohaho o fibrous. Mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine ke ea bohlokoa haholo. Ka lebaka leo, ho thata ho nahana tshebetso lona ntle adjuvants. liprotheine Fibrillar ha qhala ditharollo efe kapa efe letsoai, e ka ba ka metsi a tloaelehileng. limolek'hule tsa tsona li ba lokisetsa ho e tšoanang le ka liketane le polypeptide. dintho tse joalo li akarelletsa ho bōptjoa ha ba bang ba thepa ea motheo mehaho ea lisele connective. Ho elastin, keratin, collagen.

A sehlopha se khethehileng sa liprotheine tse rarahaneng, tse akarelletsang e seng feela ho amino acid e, empa le ba nucleic acid, lik'habohaedreite le lintho tse ling. All ea likarolo tsena li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Le ea bohlokoa ho khetheha ke mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine. Ho phaella moo, lintho tse joalo ke na mwango ya ho hema ka mebala, li-hormone, hammoho le ho re sireletsa ka tšeptjoang bakeng sa phelang efe kapa efe. Biosynthesis tsa protheine e phethahatsoa ka ribosome ena. Tshebetso ena e laolwang ke hasoa mohloli oa acid nucleic.

Mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine

Dikatalise ya dintho tse sa tšoaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale - ke mosebetsi bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke liprotheine. dithulaganyo tshwanang tse etsoang ke enzyme. Ke liprotheine hore na itseng thepa catalytic. E mong le e sa dintho tsena ka 'na phetha a le mong kapa ba' maloa liphetoho tse tšoanang. Enzyme catalyze le bokaholimo ba matsoele tshebetso ya ho limolek'hule tse rarahaneng le tswakana bona. Ka tsela e 'ngoe, karabelong e bitsoa catabolism le anabolism. Mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine le ho boetse ho akarelletsa ho lokisa tsa DNA boikatiso le RNA tswakana popeho.

dikatalise ke eng

Se ke 2013, bo-rasaense ba fumane ho se hokae ho feta enzyme le 5000. dintho tsena ba khona ho susumetsa mokhoa oa ho hoo e batlang e liphetoho tsohle skeletal. Ho ba e hlakileng ho feta catalytic mosebetsi liprotheine, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho utloisisa se dikatalise. Ka puo ea Segerike khopolo ena e fetoleloa e le "cessation". Dikatalise ke phetoho ka phallo lebelo leha e le efe itsoara joang ka lik'hemik'hale. Sena se etsahala ka tlas'a bohato la metsoako itseng. Enzyme sebetsa ka liprotheine sethothetsi. Mehlala ea ketsahalo ena li fumanoa kamehla bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Feela monna a sa hlokomela.

MOHLALA mosebetsi catalytic

Ho utloisisa kamoo ketso ea potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, e Ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka mehlala e seng mekae. Ho joalo, seo ke mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine. mehlala:

1. Nakong tala ribulezobifosfatkarboksilaza dikatalise fana fixation tsa CO _2.
2. peroxide haedrojene e khomaretse oksijene le metsi.
3. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
4. Amylase ke cleaves ea nang le bokhoni starch ho maltose.
5. Ho senyeha ha ya acid e k'habone: CO ₂ + H ₂ O + HCO ₃ ⁺ H.

Mosebetsi catalytic liprotheine ke ho potlakisa lengths lik'hemik'hale efe kapa efe. E amana le tšoanang liphetoho tswakana, mahlahana disintegration, le liathomo mong kapa dieleketerone phetiso tloha karolo e 'ngoe ho' ngoe.

mosebetsi lipalangoang

Ea bohlokoa mesebetsi ya mong le seleng e tlameha ho lula a ena ke dintho fapaneng tseo e seng feela tse bonahalang bona kaho, empa hape e mosa ea matla. mesebetsi tsa likokoana-hloko e kenyeletsa liprotheine le lipalangoang. dikarolo tsena di fane ka seleng taba tsohle tsa bohlokoa, hobane lera la li hahoa tsa le dikarolo e 'maloa ea lipids. Ho mona 'me le ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya le liprotheine. Tabeng ena, libakeng hydrophilic tsohle tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a le mehatla e - ka botenya ba lera la. Sebopeho sena ha se dumelle ho phunyeletse ka lisele tsa tsona li ke dintho bohlokoa haholo - ions tsa tšepe a alkali,-amino acid le tsoekere. Liprotheine ile ra isoa kaofela dikarolo tsena ka lisele tse bakeng sa phepo e nepahetseng bona. Mohlala, haemoglobin tsamaisa oksijene.

receptor

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa protheine e se feela ho fana ka lisele tsa tsona li matla a lintho tse phelang, empa li boetse li thusa ho khetholla ka matshwao a medumo e tlisoang ke ho ba Link lisele tse tikoloho le tsa boahelani. Ka mohlala ho fetisisa hlollang tsa ketsahalo ena - the acetylcholine receptor, eo e teng ka lera la mabitso a mang mabapi le interneural. Tsela ka boeona e ke bohlokoa haholo. Liprotheine phetha receptor mosebetsi le sebelisana bona le acetylcholine ho bontšoa ka mokhoa o itseng. Ka lebaka leo, ka hare ho sele tšoaetsanoang ka pontšo. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a nako e itseng, ho neurotransmitter tlameha ho tlosoa. Feela tabeng ena, sele tla kgona ho fumana pontšo e ncha. E mosebetsi ona o etsoa ke e mong oa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale e - atsetilholtnesteraza hore o etsa petsoha fihlela gidrolizatsetilholina choline le ea acetate.

a ho Sireletsa

The sesole sa 'mele ea ho phela leha e le efe ho ba khona ho araba ketsahalo ya likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling' meleng. Tabeng ena, le protheine e butswe mosebetsi sireletsang. 'Meleng, ho na le ke tsoelo-pele ea palo e khōlō ea lymphocytes, tse khonang ho senya le pathogenic libaktheria, macromolecules,' me lisele tse ling tse ke kankere. Se seng sa lihlopha tsena tsa dintho moloko o latelang liprotheine itseng - immunoglobulins. Ke kabo ya dintho tsena tse maling. The immunoglobulins hlokomela likaroloana tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho theha e itseng e rarahaneng haholo itseng sethaleng timetso. Kahoo etsoa mosebetsi sireletsang protheine ena.

mehaho

protheine mosebetsi ka seleng tsoela hlokomeleha hore motho a. Ba bang dintho tse hangata mehaho ea bohlokoa haholo. liprotheine tsena fana ka matla ho phetha molao ho lisele motho ka phelang. Pele ho tsohle, ke collagen. Sena ke karolo e khōlō ea lenaane-thalo le kantle ho sele ea lisele tsohle connective 'meleng o phelang.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ka liphoofolo tse anyesang collagen etsa ka bang 25% ea boima ba 'mele kakaretso ea liprotheine. Tswakana tsa motsoako o hlahellang teng fibroblasts. Tsena ke lisele tsa motheo tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse leha e le efe connective. Qalong thehoa procollagen. boitsebiso boo ke selelekela le e lik'hemik'hale tšoaroa, e leng e na le ka ho kena moea oa hydroxyproline ho proline litlhaka kahare, 'me ho gidrksilina litlhaka kahare lysine. Collagen hlahisoang ka mokgwa wa liketane peptide tse tharo, sothile ka spiral e.

Ha se mesebetsi yohle ya liprotheine. Baeloji - haholo ea saense e rarahaneng, e leng lumella u ho hlwaya le lemoha ka liketsahalo tse ngata etsahalang 'meleng oa motho. E mong le e mosebetsi wa protheine e phetha karolo e khethehileng. Kahoo, ka lisele rekere, tse kang ea matšoafo, mabota mali sejana le letlalo na elastin. protheine ena ke khona ho otlolla ebe kgutlele ho sebopeho ka eona qalong.

dilenaneo protheine

Muscle khutsufatso - tshebetso eo ka yona ho sokoloha matla bolokwa ka mokgwa wa ATP limolek'hule ka kgokagano macroergic pyrophosphate, e leng ka mosebetsi oa ho phetha molao feela. Tabeng ena, ho sebetsa ha le protheine ka seleng sebetsa myosin le actin. E mong le e ba bona ba na le litšobotsi tse ba lona.

Myosin e na le sebopeho sa tloaelehang. protheine ena e na le filamentary lekaneng telele karolo e itseng - ho mohatla, hammoho le lihlooho tsa 'maloa globular. Myosin e lokolloa, hangata ka mokgwa wa hexamer ka. karolo ena e thehoa ka ho feletseng ka liketane le tsoanang polypeptide, mong le e mong e nang le boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule tse likete tse 200,' me hape 4 liketane eo boima ba 'mele ea limolek'hule ke 20 feela tse sekete.

Actin ke globular protheine e nang le bokhoni ba ho polymerize. Ha boitsebiso boo e bopa ya sebopeho lekaneng telele, e leng o bitsoa F-actin. Feela jwalo karolo boemo ka tsela e tloaelehileng kopana le myosin.

Mehlala ya mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea liprotheine

Mong le e mong bobeli ka lisele tsa iphelisa phelang etsahala dithulaganyo tse fapa-fapaneng e neng e tla ba ke ke ha khoneha ntle liprotheine. Mohlala oa receptor mosebetsi dintho tse joalo li ka sebeletsa e le lisele tse molaetsa adrenoceptor kamohelo adrenaline. Ha o ile a pepesa ho tla leseling li bole kapele 'ea rhodopsin. ketsahalo ena e qala ho itšoara joang 'me ba sokolohela wand.

Mabapi le makgetha a ho mehaho, ka mohlala ho fetisisa tabeng ena e ka sebeletsa e le phello ea collagen. boitsebiso boo e fana ka lisele connective tsa elasticity khōloanyane.

Mohlala oa ho tsamaisa mosebetsi wa haemoglobin jereng oksijene ho pota 'mele o phelang.

Qetellong

Ena ke mesebetsi eo kaofela mantlha tsa likokoana-hloko liprotheine. E mong le e ba bona ba ke ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa batho ba phelang phelang. Ka mosebetsi ona itseng o etsoa protheine e lekanang. Ho ba sieo ha metsoako e joalo ho ka etsa hore malfunctions litho tse itseng le tsamaiso ea 'meleng.