Moscow, musiamo-Manor: tlhaloso, photo photo photo photo

maikutlo a Ambivalent hlahelang e mong le e, ha e tluoa tabeng ea ho toropo ena. Manors, estates le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo ...

Next historing Russia

Ka lehlakoreng le leng - sena ke sebaka, haufi-ufi le ho teba tse amanang le histori 'me bophelo ba bonono, oa sebele Russia bophelo le meetlo ea,' me ka e 'ngoe - boemo ba libaka tse ngata tse sa lebaleheng e tšosang le regrettable.
Russia histori le ka moea oa Russia - ya kgopolo ya ho, ka kakaretso, ho fapane, empa ka linako tse ling ba ile ba ba e le intricately lohellane hore ha ho na karolo e 'ngoe ha ho khonehe ho utloisisa ka ho feletseng le tse ling tse,' me, ka lebaka leo, ho araba potso e reng: seo, ha e le hantle, ho ke ke, batho ba Russia?

Hearths le poloko ea setso sa Russia ka Suburbs ho

Manor - sebaka o ile a etela mong le e mong bobeli. Mabitso a estates bang ea teropong le manors ka utloa batho ka kakaretso: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy le ba bang. Ena ke 'nete, hobane ka makholo a lilemo 17-19. e babatsehang ea matlo e ne e le mofuta ofe sa tloaelehang tsa setso-histori, hammoho le metseng le metseng e meholo, matlong a baitlami, metse, metse, cathedrals le likereke.
Bo-rahistori ba bolela hore ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Russia, ho ne ho tswa 50 ho ea ho 100 tse likete tse. manors le estates. Ha ho pelaelo hore mosebetsi oa sechaba, moruo, bonono le pōpo bophelo le Manor historing haufi Moscow li 'nile tsa amahanngoa haufi-ufi haholo.
Le ka lebaka la ea matlo haufi le Moscow ho motse-moholo e ne e le ka letsohong la Joale, ka ho hlakileng, molemo ka ho fetisisa Russia bangoli ba, liroki, baetsi ba litšoantšo, baqapi ile a bululeloa hore mosebetsi le ho fumana boithabiso libakeng tse amanang le lintho tsa tlhaho.
'Me mohlomong ha ho na Russia joalo' mōpi le thinker 18-19 cc ya., 'Me qetello ea bophelo e neng e tla ke ke ea amahanngoa le matlo Serussia naheng.
Le lineano tse joalo tsa bonono Serussia, e le mehaho se itekanetseng, e khabisitse naha mona ho lokisa lirapa setso le mehaho, e khabisitse naha mona moralo metso ea sona e khutlela toropo eo, matlo le sebopeho sa e ba ka hloko a sireletsa.
Ba bonnete ba hore u hopotsa hore lineano tsa Russia ho amohela baeti litlelase Russia cuisine ho tsoma, ho bokella libuka tloaelehang le ho bokella mesebetsi ea bonono ba ne ba boetse o amahanngoa le Gentry lula le setso moreki.

Re qala ho lokisetsa

Ka hare ho sebaka sa 100-kilometer dari tloha Ring ka itšetleha ka 200 estates le mansions. Ke mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Moscow ho ne ho ka 1,000 ba bona ba ka bona e sa lebaleheng le ba tšoaneloang ke hloko, empa ka makhetlo a ka ba joalo hore ketelo ea libaka thahasella o lokela bonyane e nyenyane lokisitseng.
Mabapi le taba ena ka boleloa hore ha u batla ho etela toropo ntle ka ho fetisisa ya matlo ho molemong oa ka lokela ho Stock tsoha ka boitsebiso bo akaretsang:

• ka sebaka, hole le tsela (Metro, terene, bese, koloi);
• ka likarolo ( "singularity") libakeng: State Museum-Reserve, ntlo-musiamo, lefapha sebaka, sebopeho e bonolo, tse amanang le ho le histori, lingoliloeng, ho penta, mehaho;
• haeba sebaka e amanang le lipontsuoa musiamo ne e tla ba e ntle ho tseba ka litheko tekete, ho sebetsa lihora tse le libaka tsa boikhathollo le lijo. Ho ka ba le dikgetho ha musiamo, haufi le Moscow estates e matleng a hae ho na lefapha le leng le monyako ke ho le thata, empa, ha ba ntse ba re batsamai bala ka hloko eaba, kamehla "ho na le lesoba le terata tse ka morao" 'me le tsoele ho ntse ho le joalo u ka se khonang;
• bokgoni Correlation hlokomela tikoloho le maikemisetso a lona: a phomolong sebakeng se setle, dingolwa, histori, meralo le bonono maikutlo, joalo-joalo

Sena "a tsitsinkela" ho thusa boloka nako le fumana monyaka oa sebele ho tloha ho etela libaka tse thahasellisang.

libaka tsa histori

E mong oa meetlo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa setjhabeng Russia ho tloha mehleng ea Petrose e ne e le monehelo oa estates le metseng bakeng sa tšebeletso e tšepahalang. Hore le na le estates tse ngata tse babatsehang ka Suburbs le, ka mohlala, Manor Glinka, fa ka Peter v Le, e le motseng o haufi le Moscow, itsoakanye hae Jakobo Bruce, lesole le le statesman, rasaense le diplomat. Ka mor'a ho tlohela mosebetsi, Bruce o ile a sebetsa tsosoloso, liteko tsa saense le esita le e sebelelitseng botumo e le "Mage le warlock."
History of matlo Glinka ya - ke mohlala oa histori ea mehleng ea Peter, Russia sesole saense, boitšoaro sechabeng Russia 17-18 lilemo tse makholo.
Haeba feela u thathamisa tsebahalang lipalo histori le ruilweng ke bona ka Suburbs tsa matlo, lethathamo ke tsotehang:

• Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Feela hopola Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, Russia Raliphetoho ea mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Pejana ho moo Serednikovo neng e amana le bongoaneng seroki M. Yu. Lermontova. Hamorao mona ho 'nile ha Chaliapin le Rachmaninoff. Kajeno Serednikovo - haholo "cinematic" matlo haufi le Moscow, ka kinogorodom thahasellisang, ho akarelletsa le Engelane khatholla 18 ka;.

• Meqoqo - fa esita le tse tebileng qoela ka pale ena. Bo-rahistori ba bitsoa meqoqo beha moo Dmitry Donskoy hloma tente ea hae, ha ba kena ntoeng e khahlanong le Mamai (Kulikovo tšimo);
• Gorky (Lenin) - kajeno le musiamo amanang le bophelo ba Lenin. "Totobatsa" le musiamo bontshiweng ke koloi "Rolls-Royce", eo etsoa Vladimira Ilicha. Empa makatsang ke ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba Manor ea khale lekholong la bo16 la lilemo., 'Me interiors mehaho a sireletsa ho tloha lilemong tse makholo tse 18-19.

Ya e le hantle, e le hore bolele tsohle tsa histori musiamo-matlo ka Moscow le sebaka se Moscow ho na le na tsela ea, empa u ka kamehla fumana lesedi. Le ho thahasellisang, pale hangata haufi-ufi intersects le liketsahalo dingolwa le bonono.

libaka shell

Large Vyazomy ba ile ba fuoa Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "bakeng sa poloko ea morena eo e mocha nakong ea musketeers morusu." Ho phaella moo, e haufi-ufi amanang le bophelo ba Borisa Godunova, Paul, v, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Empa botlhokwa go feta - Vyazomy ke lehae la ho Pushkin thothokiso: mona o ile a qeta bongoaneng ba hae, moo a ileng a e-ba ka tloaelana le botle ba naha ea Russia, o ile a utloa setso songs, o ile a ithuta bophelo le meetlo ea nobility Russia le balemi Serussia.
Mona re tsoaletsoeng pele pōpo thothokiso ea Pushkin, 'me bonang! O ne a le linako tse thata bophelong ba hae. Phelang sebakeng sena le tšōmo: Golitsyn ntlo ea borena batho ba moo ba bitsa "Ntlo ea Mofumahali ea Spades," 'me u ka ithuta ntho e' ngoe mabapi le qetello ea Princess Galitzine, setšoantšo pitikololo tsa countess ba khale le sephiri sa likarete ho tse tharo.
Ke ho makatse Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve, mona ho tloha ka September ho fihlela ka April ke mantsiboea le likonsarete tsa 'mino. E le libaka tsa Pushkin haufi Vyazomami kamoo ho hlokahalang ho bolele Zakharov.
Ka libaka tse ling dingolwa le thothokiso:

• Muranovo - tloaelehileng "likelello sehlaha" ea eo re neng re na le maikutlo a libuka le lifilimi ka lekholong la bo19 la lilemo Serussia. The interweaving la tsoalo 'me qetello ea mabitso a mangata tummeng dingolwa: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, ft gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Empa qetello ne ba tla ba e, e le hore e ne e le Muranovo lelapa diario tsa seroki Fodora Tyutcheva, 'me e le ho tla ba le musiamo ka ka lebitso la hae;
• Melikhovo - dingolwa le Sehopotso Museum A. P. Chehova. The musiamo e fetang 20 tse sekete litšoantšo tsa baetsi ba litšoantšo, ho akarelletsa le Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Metsoalle a mongoli oa.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - fanoeng pele Russia morena (mora Great distemper) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (balimo motsoalle Dmitriya Donskogo) ka 16. Hamorao, lekholong la bo18 la lilemo., The matlo ruilweng ke molaoli-Crimean Dolgoruky. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. le matlo e se e le "dingolwa sehlaha" Russia Symbolist liroki. Lifate ka serapeng sa boikhathollo khale hopola Bryusov, K. Balmont le A. White;
• Peredelkino - ka sebele o tšoaneloa ke mantsoe a ka thoko. Ena ke "motse mongoli", tse amanang le mabitso a bohlokoa bangoli ba tse ngata tsa Soviet Union le Serussia le liroki. Kajeno ho Peredelkino ke ntlo-musiamo oa Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, musiamo-la gallery Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Haufi le motse ke kereke Mopholosi fetoha sebōpeho le bapatriareka komponeng - the ea bolulo ea Mopatriareka oa Moscow le All Russia Kirill.

About mehaho Russia

Architecture ae phethang sebaka bohlokoa ka Serussia mehaho kereke. A ke ke a tebileng ka sebaka sena, ho ke ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho tloaelehileng Russia kereke ntse amogelwang ho tswa sebopeho sa Dome "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) jareteng.
'Me ho tloha lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le tloaelehileng le estates Moscow 17-19 lilemo tse makholo. hakaalo ho akarelletsa ho kereke, e thahasellisang haholo ho bona le ho hlahloba kamoo likereke ho ile ha hahoa. Ke 'nete hore canons le "Russia tlhaku" ho boloka mokhoa oa ho ngola. Empa le diphapano tse thahasellisang:

• ka Dubrovitsy, u ka bona ka ho fetisisa "baroque" (ho tloha ka Baroque) kereke haufi Moscow. Ka mokhoa tšoanang e ne e hahiloe le ntlo ea borena, empa hamorao ho ile ha tsosolosoa ka moea oa classicism;

• Bykov - ka kaho ea 2-storey kereke lekholong la lilemo la bo18 la lilemo. O ile a ea tummeng Russia meralo Vasily Bazhenov le barutuoa ba hae. Ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho mehaho Masonic le hahile Manor ntlo ea borena. Ka thoko e hahoa tšepe tora (Taman meralo) le ho web litsela phakeng matangoana le bopa e mengata maikutlong e sa lebaleheng, haholo-holo ka nako ya lehlabuleng-hoetla;
• Bratsevo - matlong ka hare ho motse, moo ho na le serapa sa boikhathollo Senyesemane. U ka qala ho etela Moscow meaho: ho Manor Countess Stroganov Palace, kereke ya borapelli motseare, bona mehaho ea 2 le 5 borokho Manor alqueria hore a tšoase le botle le moea oa estates le ea teropong le estates. 'Me joale ho tla ba ho le bonolo ho tsamaea ho tsamaea sebaka Moscow.

Mmusong le Serussia baetsi ba litšoantšo

Mmusong (mmusong wa Saense le Art) o hlahetse Russia lekholong la bo18 la lilemo. 'me o fihla heyday ka Bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Naha estates le matlo a borena ba motse ba bokana pokello e ikhethang ea Russia le Bophirimela bonono European, pokello ea libuka tse sa tloaelehang.
Ka lebaka leo, mansions tse ngata le matlo a borena ea sebaka se Moscow tsebahala ka beng ba, bareki ba Leha ho le joalo, e le kamehla, historing ha ho ferekanye, 'me ho na le mateanong a litsela tse ngata.
Ka Abramtsevo bolokoa e mong-storey Manor ntlo ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo., Ke ke sampole ea Russia mehaho lehong. Mong'a Abramtsevo ne e le mongoli Aksakov ( "The sekareleta Flower"), e neng e eteloa ke metsoalle ea hae - ft gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

Ha ka halofo 2nd ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. mong'a tsa matlo e ne e le industrialist le philanthropist S. Morozov, ba ka mafolofolo ho sebetsa baetsi ba litšoantšo M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Ho ile mona o hlahile "Abramtsevo lesakaneng" - ea bonono-pōpo Union, e ikemiseditse ho ntshetsopele ya Russia bonono ea sechaba.
Ka mor'a phetoho e bileng teng ka 1917 neano ena e ile ea tsoela pele ka ho I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Kajeno Abramtsevo musiamo pontšo e na le tse fetang 25 tse sekete lipontsuoa :. Painting, atamela, litsoantso tse betliloeng, mesebetsi ea le khabisitsoeng le setso bonono.

Batho ba bang, mohlomong ka ho fetisisa, ho fetisisa ...

Hape tšoaneloa ke ho buuoa ke matlo a haufi le Moscow, bulehetse batho bohle:

1. Arkhangelsk - e mong oa estates tse seng kae a sireletsa ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, ho akarelletsa le meralo le phakeng libini ka mokhoa oa classic .. Le bonono likoleke tsa beng ba pele e neng e Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov ile ea e-motheong oa pontšong morui, musiamo;
2. Kuskovo - Manor Sheremetev bohlokoa. Bolokoa Palace, Setaliana ntlo, Hollanti ntlo, Grotto. Ka matlo e teng ho State Musiamo oa letsopa;

3. Chesele - sebakeng se amana le lilemo tse ho qetela ba bophelo ba moqapi Tchaikovsky. Kajeno, ntlo-musiamo mona, eo recreates sepakapakeng tsa boiqapelo, bophelo le bophelo ba sebini haholo.

Hlomohile ... (empa e seng feela)

estates tse ngata le estates ba le boemong ba ho timetsoa. mabaka a hore Moscow tlohela estates na sebaka bona - sieo ha beng ba, beng ba ka ho hloka thahasello, ho sebelisa mehaho merero e meng.
ditebo hlaphohetsoe le ba histori ka taba ena a re:

1. Bophelo le tlokomang estates le mansions li fetile; bonang, hammoho le lekholong la bo19 la lilemo.
2. liketsahalo haholo sokolisa hlahile bophelong ba Russia lekholong la bo20 la lilemo., Ke mona e le ka potlako qala ho tsosolosa lintho tsohle tse e amanang le nakong e fetileng tsa histori.
3. Empa ho na le kutlwisiso e le hore ena e nakong e fetileng, eo re neng re lokela ho tseba le ho e tlameha ho bolokoa, ho bolelang hore nako e tla tšohla ka tsosoloso le poloko, 'me ba tlohela toropo Manor tla thabela re le botle lona.

'Me joale:

• Dugino - libaka tse amanang le ho fela ha baetsi ba litšoantšo ba 19 ka. . - mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, 'me hona joale feela ho retelehela, e ka ba bonono musiamo;
• Marfino - hotel pele e neng e sesole, le ho feta a sireletsa griffins sculpted, ka letangoaneng le phakeng tla fetoha sebaka se setle;
• Leha ho le joalo, Bykov - tla khaotsa ho senyeha butle-butle.

Information sebakeng ka Suburbs ho

Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ea matlo haufi le Moscow, bulehetse batho bohle, lintho tse ngata. Ho fumaneha phatlalatsa, 'me u ka fumana lintlha tse qaqileng tsa mofuta fapaneng ya estates e, matlo a, likereke, serapeng sa boikhathollo ntle,' me kahoo fumana sebaka ka ho toba e amanang le liketsahalo efe kapa efe ea histori le bongoling le bonono. Tabeng ena, lithuto tsa mpa ea bohlokoahali meralo Natalia Bondareva. mesebetsi ea hae e ka fumanoa e le tlhaloso ea ba ka bang 300 estates, estates, likereke tsa Moscow, Moscow sebakeng le libakeng tse e potolohileng.
Natalia Bondarev se etsa mosebetsi ona ho tloha ka 1996, 'me, ntle ho pelaelo, o ne a tšoaneloa ke lentsoe la leboha le ho bontša kananelo bakeng sa seo a se etsetsang litloholo phetseng mehleng le nakong e tlang, e hlalosang Moscow estates, e beha foto e sa le lekunutu. Mang le mang a ka ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea bona sebakeng sena.
Empa ke habohlokoa hore batho ba joalo kajeno hase uena feela, 'me ka lebaka leo, tseleng nakong e fetileng,' me ka e - e sa koaloa nakong e tlang.