Mokholutsoane masapo. Mohaho ka hare ea mokholutsoane le. Mefuta le mabitso a mekholutsoane

Lizard ho suborder sehlopha sa lihahabi ke tse ngata ka ho fetisisa sehlopha sa hae. lihahabi tsena ho na le tse fetang 3.500 mefuta le di fumanwa lik'honthinenteng tsohle ntle le Antarctica. A sehloohong sena a re tla sheba mohaho ka hare, masapo, litšobotsi fisioloji la dimela mokholutsoane le mabitso a malapa a bona.

Thahasellisang lintlha tse mabapi le mokholutsoane ho

Mekholutsoane - libōpuoa tsa ena e hlollang, e leng har'a baemeli ba tse ling tsa liphoofolo khetholloa 'maloa lintlha tse thahasellisang. The ha e le hantle pele - ke le boholo ba baemeli ba baahi ba e fapaneng ya mekholutsoane. Mohlala monyenyane mokholutsoane brookesia Micra boleleleng ba 28 limilimithara, ha moemeli kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa sehlopha sena sa lihahabi - Seindonesia mokholutsoane, e Komodo drakone, o na le 'mele o bolelele bo boholo ho feta 3, m, le e boima ba' mele oa ka e mong 'me a halofo hundredweight.

The ha e le hantle ea bobeli, e etsa hore lihahabi tsena tse ratoang ke ua feela har'a litsebi tsa baeloji, empa hape batho ba tloaelehileng - ke ka lebaka lena le ka moo mokholutsoane marotholi mohatla oa eona. Bokhoni bona bo bitsoa autotomy le ke mokhoa oa ho intša polokesegong. Ha mokholutsoane phonyohang liphoofolo tse li jang, o ka tšoara eona ke mohatla, eo ha e le hantle e le tšokelo ho bophelo ba sehahabi sa. E le hore ho boloka bophelo ba bona mefuta e meng ea mokholutsoane mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng ba khona ho tlohela mohatla oa eona, e leng ka mor'a nako e itseng e ntse e hōla hape. Ho qoba kholo a lahleheloa ke mali nakong autotomy, mokholutsoane karolo mohatla e fana le sehlopha se khethehileng sa mesifa, ho fokotsa methapo ea mali.

Ho phaella tabeng ea hore na e ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka holimo, mekholutsoane tsa tlhaho rua phethehileng boleng masking, a phela ka tikoloho mala sentshamebala ambient. Ba bang ba bona, haholo-holo chameleon ka nka 'mala boahelani ea taba ena bakeng sa metsotso e seng mekae. Hona see se etsahala? 'nete ea hore lisele letlalo chameleon e entsoeng ka le dikarolo e' maloa ea hoo e ka bang e bonaletsang, na dithulaganyo khethehileng le pigment, e tlas'a tšusumetso ea takatso ea methapo ea kutlo e ka a petetswa kapa decompressed. Ka nako ea ho phokotso ea pigment e bokella ka bohareng ba seleng ea 'me e ba batlang e sa hlokomeleheng, empa ha decompressed thulaganyong, pigment le ata ho pholletsa le ka seleng, staining le letlalo ka' mala o itseng.

Masapo le sebopeho hare ea mokholutsoane le

'mele oa mokholutsoane o entsoe ka likarolo tse kang e leng hlooho, molala, kutu, mohatla' me maoto le matsoho. mele kwa koahetsoeng ka sekala e entsoeng ka lenaka nyenyane le lihlopha bonolo bapisoa le sekala tlhapi, litsoelesa mofufutso letlalong ke le siyo. A tsobotsi bath ke e boetse e telele mesifa 'mele - puo, e sebetsang ka boikutlo ba ho ba bafo. mokholutsoane leihlo ho fapana le lihahabi le leng a fana ka eyelid e etsoang ka mechine. Musculature nang le tsona ka tsela e itseng e khōloanyane ea rarahana ho feta ea lihahabi.

mokholutsoane masapo hape o na le makgetha a ho khethehileng. Ho na le molala, mahetla, lumbar le mafapha pelvic hore connects lesapo la mokokotlo. Skeleton mokholutsoane hahoa e le hore hōla hammoho, le likhopo (pele tse hlano) theha koetsoeng botlaaseng ba sternum, e leng tšobotsi e khethollang tsa sehlopha sena sa lihahabi ka bapisoa le lihahabi tse ling. Morpheme etsa mosebetsi e sireletsang, fokotsa kotsi ea tšenyo e phetha molao ho litho tse ka hare, ho ka 'na e boetse e eketseha ka bophahamo ba modumo ka tshebetso hema. Lipheletsong Lizard, hammoho le tse ling tsa lefatše vertebrates dinokong tse hlano, empa ho fapana le sehahabi leng teng ba maemong a ho feta lokileng hore e fana ka bophahamo itseng ka holimo fatše le 'mele, ka lebaka leo, mokhatlo oa feta ka potlako. thuso mohlomong ka mokhatlo oa 'me ba le manala a eona nako e telele, e leng se ba a hlomelloa le lihahabi paws. Ka mefuta e meng, ba haholo-holo tenacious le thusa mong'a hae nimbly hloa lifate le majoe sebaka.

masapo mokholutsoane ke fapaneng le lihlopha tse ling tsa liphoofolo tsa lefatše ka ho ba teng ha lesapo la mokokotlo sacral 2 vertebrae. Hape karolo e ikhethang ke sebopeho e ikhethang ea ho vertebrae caudal, e leng neokostenevayuschey interlayer pakeng tsa bona, ka lebaka la ho e ho na le ke bohloko eohle mokholutsoane mohatla.

ke ho tšoana pakeng tsa mokholutsoane le Newt eng?

Batho ba bang ba ferekanya newts le mekholutsoane - baemedi infraorder sehahabi gelada. ke ho tšoana pakeng tsa mokholutsoane le Newt eng? Baemeli ba superclasses tsena tse peli tse tšoanang le mong ho e mong ea bonahalang eka feela, mohaho ka hare tšoana Tritons human anatomy le sehahabi. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha maikutlo ea physiology le mekholutsoane, newts le pono sheba e tšoanang: serpentine hlooho, e etsoang ka mechine dintshi ka mahlo, le 'mele oa nako e telele ka maoto le matsoho hlano fingered le ka linako tse ling ka mahlakoreng le Crest ka morao, le mohatla, matla a ho regenerate.

matla mokholutsoane

Lizard bua ka liphoofolo tse batang-sehloho,, ke hore, mocheso oa 'mele lona fapana ho itšetlehile ka mocheso le ambient, kahoo lihahabi tsena li mafolofolo ho fetisisa motšehare, ha moea oa iphuthumatsa ho fihlela ka ho fetisisa. Boholo ba bona ba - ho carnivorous mokholutsoane mefuta le mabitso a lona a kenyeletsa batho ba fetang sekete. Tse qotsitsoeng ea libatana mokholutsoane ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba sehahabi sa. Kahoo, linonyana tse nyenyane le tse mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng ho fepa ka batho ba mefuta eohle invertebrates, tse kang likokoanyana, likho, liboko, mefuta itseng ea likhofu. Bahlaseluoa ba mokholutsoane kgolo - e mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng vertebrates (lihoho, linoha, linonyana tse nyenyane le mekholutsoane). Kantle ke Komodo drakone, e leng ka lebaka la ho boholo ba tsona e khōlō ka kgona ho tsoma le papali e khōlō (likhama, likolobe le esita le mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng linare).

karolo e 'ngoe ea mokholutsoane ke ea phytophage, e ja makhasi a, makala le limela tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mefuta e omnivorous kang Madagascar geckos, hammoho le ja likokoanyana le dimela lijo (ditholwana, lero).

tlhophiso ea mokholutsoane

The tse fapa-fapaneng mekholutsoane sea hlolla haholo 'me e akarelletsa 6 superfamily, arologanyediwa ka paka ya ka kakaretso ea malapa a 37:

• Iguanas.
• Geckos.
• Skinks.
• Veretenitseobraznye.
• Mekholutsoane.
• Worm-joaloka.

E mong le e ba infraorders tsena initialization na makgetheng bakileng maemo a tikoloho le ho nahannweng karolo ea ka ketane lijo.

iguania

Iguanas - infraorder sena ka mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse ngata tsa lintho tse phelang, eo e seng Link feela, empa hangata mohaho ka hare ea mokholutsoane le. Ke iguania kenyeletsa joalo lelapa tsebahalang oa mokholutsoane ka iguanidae, agamidae le lelapa la chameleons. Iguanas rata mofuthu le mongobo, kahoo tikoloho ea bona e karolong e ka boroa ea North America, Amerika Boroa, hammoho le ba bang ba e leng sehlekehleke se chesang se mongobo (Madagascar, Cuba, Hawaii, Islands Virgin British , 'me batho ba bang.).

Baemeli ba infraorder iguanas ka ho tsejoa ke bath haholo o molelele o loketseng meno plevrodontnyh ea mohlahare o tlaase. Hape tšobotsi e khethehileng ke ho ba teng ha iguanas ka morao le mohatla spiny orilla, boleng ba eo hangata e kholoanyane ho ba batona. Foot iguana mokholutsoane e hlomelloa le menoana 5, tse topped ka manala a eona (talons ka mefuta Woody e sa haholo ho feta ka baemeli ba tsa lefatše). Ho phaella moo, iguania ba sekame ka hlooho e tšoanang helmete, 'me pouches metso, sesebelisoa sebeletsa a bontša hore litšokelo, hammoho le ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo.

'Mele oa sebopeho sa iguana e ke haholo-holo ya mefuta e' meli:

1. Phahameng a petetswa 'mele mahlakoreng eo ka thelelo fetelang ka ho ya mohatla thatafetseng. sebopeho sena 'mele ka haholo-holo ka ho fumanoe batho ba phelang ka lifate, ka mohlala ho genus Polychrus ba sehlekehleke Amerika Boroa.
2. Pantshisi-tse tiske e bōpehileng joaloka 'mele - kopana baemedi iguania phelang lefatšeng.

gekkota

The infraorder gekkota e akarelletsa lelapa Tsepkopalye, pygopodidae le eublepharinae. Le tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea baemeli ba kaofela infraorder e itseng chromosome sete le letsoho khethehileng ho tsebe. gekkota ho fetisisa ba na le khoro zygomatic, 'me puo eo ba na le teteaneng le forked.

• Lelapa Gekkonovyh (tsepkopalyh) e le makgantsuntswane phelang Lefatšeng ka lilemo tse fetang limilione tse 50 lilemong tse. Masapo ea mokholutsoane le litšobotsi fisioloji ba ikamahanya le maemo ho phela lefatšeng lohle. Ba na le ba sehlekehleke sena ho fetisisa e pharaletseng bobeli ka a leholimo a chesang le ka latitudes mocheso. Palo ea mefuta e meng ea lelapa e fetang sekete.
• Pygopodidae lelapa ke e 'ngoe ea ho mekholutsoane legless, sheba tsoana haholo le linoha. Ho khetholla ho tloha noha e ka ba tšobotsi ho tobetsa melumo, e leng ba ho hlahisa ho buisana le e mong le e tse ling. 'Mele e le linoha, nako e telele, ka thelelo ho fetisetsa ka mohatla, e leng e ikamahanya le maemo ho autotomy. mokholutsoane hlooho e koahetsoe flaps ditshwani. Population bohlokoa pygopodidae 7 genera le 41 mefuta e. Habitat - Australia, Guinea le libakeng tse haufi le moo naha.
• Eublepharinae lelapa - mokholutsoane nyenyane e-ba bolelele ba ka bang 25 cm, ka coloration variegated, bosiu. Carnivorous, ho fepa ka likokoanyana. Ba phela ka American, Asia le Afrika lik'honthinenteng.

scincomorpha

Baemeli ba scincomorpha mekholutsoane jala lik'honthinenteng tsohle le le bonolo, e chesang e mongobo le le haufi le tropike a leholimo. Ha e le hantle ke baahi ba naha, le hoja ho na le linonyana tse seka-metsing, bona ba qeta nako e ngata bophelong ba bona ka lifate. infraorder Hona ho kenyeletsa malapa a latelang:

• Poleiti-gelada lelapa - e mong oa tse ngata ka ho fetisisa tsa sebopeho tlhophiso, e kenyeletsang ka 130 genera le mefuta e fetang sekete. Jala hoo e ka bang lefatšeng lohle, haese Antarctica. Ba phela boholo ba libaka ho e chesang e mongobo, le hoja ho na le e boetse e hōle le equator. Ka ho fetisisa nang le baahi ka ho lelapa lena la Pacific Islands, Asia Boroa-bochabela le Afrika. Poleiti-gelada mekholutsoane kena boholo bo fapaneng, mefuta e fapaneng fapana ka mefuta e fapaneng 8-70 cm,.
• Lelapa latsertidy kapa lacertidae nang 42 genera le 307 mefuta e. Ikamahanya le maemo ho phela le mefuta e fapaneng ya ka libaka tsa tlhaho: e masabasabeng, merung, mahoatateng, lithaba le esita le ka marshlands ena. Hasana ho pholletsa le Eurasia le Africa (ntle le. Madagascar). Latsertidy - mekholutsoane ba haholo-holo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng, empa ho na le mefuta e khōlō, tse kang perela mokholutsoane. Lijo - go tlhaolega carnivore (likokoanyana, invertebrates nyenyane).
• Teiidae lelapa (11 genera, 129 mefuta e) lulang k'honthinente ea Amerika Boroa le karolong e ka boroa ea Amerika Leboea. Litekanyo mekholutsoane Range ho tloha cm, 8 ho 1.5 limithara A tsobotsi bath ke forked puo ea joaloka mokholutsoane, e leng seo ba ile ba amohela lebitso le ea bobeli -. Mekholutsoane American. Bohelehele Nete ea hore baahi ba mefuta e meng ba e ne e akarelletsa feela tse tšehali, ba rala mahe unfertilized, tse hlahisoang feela e tšehali.
• Cordylidae lelapa (ka bang 70 mefuta e) ahileng libakeng tse omeletseng tsa Afrika. Ba ka ba fumanang ka sekala khethehileng kgolo, tlas'a e leng ho na le lesapo lipoleiti. Major sekala ribbed koahela ka morao kaofela le e fapoha ka ho ba ea sebakeng se mohatla oa masale tse sephara, clasps mohatla. Lizard-Cordylidae telele fihle ho fihlela ho cm, 40.
• Gerrhosauridae lelapa ahileng omeletseng le seka-omeletseng libaka tsa Afrika. Ba bobeli tsa lefatše le seka-metsing phela ka eona. paws Tenacious lumella gerrhosauridae deftly tlōla ka mafika. Ba na le mohaho o tšoanang ho ea tekanyo e poleiti-gelada mokholutsoane oa lelapa le litšobotsi le tloaelehileng la mohaho ka hare le mekholutsoane tloaelehileng.
• Gimnoftalmidy lelapa lule ho bohle ea Amerika Boroa le e ka boroa Amerika Bohareng. Li har'a mekholutsoane nyenyane, batho ba baholo ba ntse ba hōla ho cm, 6. Gimnoftalmidy phela ka morung, 'me esita le lithabeng, ba le tšoana teiidae le sebelisang ka mashome a mahlano tsoalo le mefuta e makholo a mabeli.
• Bosiu Lizard lelapa a lebitso la eona le ka lebaka la tsela ea bophelo motšehare mekholutsoane pata, tsoa bosiu ho tsoma bakeng sa likokoanyana le likho. A lelapa tse seng kae (18 mefuta e) ahileng libakeng tse omeletseng tsa sebaka majoe, bolelele batho ba baholo ka seoelo feta cm, 15.

Veretenitseobraznye mokholutsoane

Infraorder veretenitseobraznyh mekholutsoane tšoauoa ka sekala tse nyenyane le unjoint pakeng tsa ka tlase lipoleiti masapo. Har'a veretenitseobraznyh mekholutsoane etsahala ka mefuta e sa legless le mokholutsoane le sebopeho tloaelehileng ea 'mele le maoto le matsoho-fingered tse hlano. Infraorder e kenyeletsa malapa a mararo:

• Ksenozavry lelapa fapane le malapa a mang a ea ho hōla leoto, 'me sekala bao e seng junifomo. E totobatsa ho ba teng ha dintshi nkehang 'me ho utloeng openings. Lelapa e kenyelletsa mefuta e 'meli feela ea phelang Amerika Bohareng le China.
• Veretenitsievye lelapa o na le mehlahare le matla, loketseng le meno hlabang. Sena ke haholo-holo carnivorous mekholutsoane, mushrooming tsoalo u phele. Lelapa e kenyelletsa ka 10 genera le 80 mefuta e fumanoa haholo-holo ka ea Amerika. Boholo ba batho ba baholo ke ho pota 50-60 cm,.
• Legless lelapa na mefuta e 'meli feela le habitats a Mexico le California. Tšoauoa ka ho hloka maoto le matsoho, utloa likoti le lipoleiti masatsoana.

varanoidea mokholutsoane

Varanoidea infraorder akarelletsa ho genus mong - hlokomela mekholutsoane - le ba ka bang 70 mefuta e. Mekholutsoane phela Afrika, ntle le o.Madagaskar, Australia le New Guinea. Kholo ka ho fetisisa mefuta e mekholutsoane, Komodo ho hlokomela e le tlaleho ea sebele har'a mefuta eohle ea mokholutsoane ka boholo, bolelele ba eona e limithara tse 3, le boima ba 'mele ea 120 lik'hilograma. lijo tsa mantsiboea hae ka 'na ea e-ba fariki eohle. The mefuta e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ho hlokomela mokholutsoane (Varan khutšoanyane gelada) ha e fete cm, 28 ka bolelele.

Varan mokholutsoane Tlhaloso: molelele 'mele, o molelele o molaleng, leoto poluvypravlennom boemo e forked leleme. Mekholutsoane - feela genus tsa mekholutsoane, eo lehata e ka botlalo ossified, ka mahlakoreng a pepesa mekoti tsebe. Mahlo a hantle ntshetswa pele, ha feela le lithaka potoloha le eyelid e etsoang ka mechine. Sekala ka morao e na le e nyenyane ea lipoleiti oval kapa ho potoloha ka poleiti mpeng nka sebopeho ya khutlonnetsepa ka hlooho polygonal. O matla 'mele qetellong seng ka tlase e matla le mehatla e mekholutsoane khona ho itšireletsa, a sebelisana otla boima ho sera. Ka mokholutsoane, e leng tsela e phelang metsing ea bophelo, mohatla e sebediswa ho leka-lekanya ha sesa ka mefuta Woody, e tenyetsehang haholo le phehella, thusa ho hloa makala. Mekholutsoane fapana ho fetisisa mekholutsoane tse ling pelo sebopeho (Four-kamoreng), a tšoanang le liphoofolo tse anyesang, ha pelo ea mokholutsoane ho tloha infraorders tse ling e na le lik'hamera tse tharo.

Ke tsela ea bophelo har'a mekholutsoane e laoloa ke mefuta e tsa lefatše, empa ho na le ba qeta nako e ngata ka metsi le lifate. mekholutsoane phelang ikamahanya le maemo ho phela habitats fapaneng, ba ka ba fumanang lehoatateng, le merung pula, 'me ka lebōpong la leoatle. Boholo ba libatana tsee li mafolofolo motšehare, mefuta e 'meli feela ke mekholutsoane phytophage. Prey carnivorous mekholutsoane ba mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta itseng ea likhofu, likokoanyana, tlhapi, linoha (esita le chefo!), Linonyana, lihahabi, mahe, mekholutsoane le leng, 'me mekholutsoane kgolo hangata cannibalistic, ho ja ba banyenyane le ba senyeha habonolo le baahelani ba bona. All mofuta oa mokholutsoane ho hlokomela e bua ka mekholutsoane lehe-rala.

Ho hlokomela mekholutsoane ke tsa bohlokoa, e seng feela ka kgokahanyo ya ketane lijo bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ya tikoloho ea bona, empa le bakeng sa mesebetsi anthropologie. Kahoo, bana ba mokholutsoane letlalo sebediswa ho indasteri e Textile ka lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa lieta tse sa tšoaneng le esita haberdashery. Ka ba bang ba e re, palo ea baahi ba selehae sebedisa nama ea liphoofolo tsena bakeng sa lijo. Ka moriana, mokholutsoane mali e sebediswa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea antiseptics. Le, ya e le hantle, mekholutsoane tsena hangata baahi ba terrariums.

dibamidae

Lisebelisuoa tsa likokoanyana tse nang le likokoana-hloko li na le lelapa le le leng, baemeli ba batho ba seng bakae, ba se nang molato, ka ntle ho tšoana le liboko. Ba lula fatše 'me ba phela bophelo bo hlephileng. Abela libakeng tsa meru Indonesia, Philippines, India, Chaena, New Guinea.