MoIran Plateau: hahlaula sebaka, sebaka, lirafshoa le litšobotsi

Highlands, e leng tla tšohloa sehloohong sena ke driest le kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tsohle tsa Persia. Keepsake ho tloha ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ka ho phahameng, o ile a lokisetsa ka mela e' maloa ea maporogo converging ka bophirimela 'me ka bochabela,' me eaba ba etsa le Pamir le Armenian kopantsoeng nodes.

Ka sebaka sa MoIran Plateau, ho peculiarities imolohile lona, ka limela le liphoofolo tsa libaka tsena, hammoho le lesedi tse ling li ka fumanoa sehloohong sena.

Kakaretso lesedi Geological

Geologically, ho MoIran sehlabeng - karolo e 'ngoe ea poleiti Eurasian, e leng e squeezed pakeng tsa Plate Indian le Arabia Plate.

A phuthilweng le lithabeng tse patiwa le lithoteng le libeisine intermountain. Ho tepella maikutlo e lipakeng tsa lithaba tlala strata bokhothokhotho clastic unconsolidated lintho tse bonahalang tseo a ho na le tsoa lithabeng tse haufi. The libakeng tse tlaase-tlaase tsa cavities hang lula matša, o nako e telele omeletse 'me a setse ka strata kgolo ya gypsum le letsoai.

Boemo libaka tsa sehlabeng MoIran

Iran - the sehlabeng kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa ngongoregong sebakeng sa Bochabela bo Hare. 'Me boholo ba eona e teng ka hare ho Iran le ka Afghanistan le Pakistan, ho kena ho tloha bochabela.

Karolong e ka leboea ea fetela le ka boroa ho Turkmenistan, 'me moeli o ka boroa le Iraq phamola. expanses kgolo nka Plateau MoIran. hokahanyang lona: 12.533333 ° - bolokolohi, 41.385556 ° - Longitude.

naha

Bakeng sa ho hlalositsoe Plateau bath latellanang ea thaba sehlabeng se seholo le mabalane ho mekoloko lithaba, boemo ba leholimo e batlang e omeletseng le ho ata ha seka-na le lehoatata le ea lehoatata naha. Liketane tsa lithaba tse libakeng le moeli, e arohane le likarolo tse ka hare tsa lihlaba tlaase ho bua leshano. Ea bobeli e boetse e akarelletsa mokhoa o sa fellang ka hare ho sebaka sa.

Tsena thōko lithaba converge ka lihlabeng Armenian (ka leboea-bophirimela ho) le Pamir (ka leboea-bochabela), eaba ba etsa e khōlō ea libaka tse lithaba. Le ka mefuta e fapaneng ya ketane upland thoko ho leqephe suthetse hōle le e mong le e tse ling tse, 'me libakeng tse therebetween ke depressions ngata, lithaba le sehlabeng.

Ka tšimoloho ea lebitso la Highlands

MoIran sehlabeng ke tšimo e khōlō hakaalo, eo sebakeng seo e ka bang limilione tse 2,7 lisekoere maoto. km, 'me bolelele ba eona e ho tloha bophirimela ho km 2.500 bochabela, ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa - 1500 km SE. E leng karolo e khōlō ea eona e teng ka naheng ea Iran (ho nka ka 2/3 tsa sebakeng seo), mabapi le eo e na le lebitso la Highlands. Ba bang kaofela ba le sebaka seo ho koahela tse ling tsa Afghanistan le Pakistan.

Hangata motseng lona ka leboea larileng ka ka hare ho SeTurkmen-Khorasan Mountains (karolo ea Kopet Dag lithabeng tseo), le likarolo tse ling le ka bophirimela ho eona - ka libakeng Iraqi.

tlisang liphallelo

tšimong ea Huge e hapa MoIran Plateau. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho libakeng tsa sona tsa.

Hoo e batlang e le tsamaiso eohle ea libakeng tse ka boroa ka thoko ho leqephe na le tšobotsi, hoo e ka bang likarolo tšoanang tsa naha le meaho. Mount mona na hoo e ka bang bophahamo tšoanang (ho tloha ka limithara tse 1500 ho 2500) le feela ka karolo e itseng e bohareng (Zagros) fihla ba bolelele ba fetang 4000 m.

The maporogo tse tšoanang le lithaba ketane, a phuthilweng le a phuthilweng Cainozoic Mesozoic majoe, pakeng tsa seo ho tepella maikutlo ka bophara (ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1.500 ho 2.000).

Hape bone mona likhohlong tse ngata, crosswise, empa ba ile ba ba e le hlaha 'me e moqotetsane, hore ke hoo e ka bang ho le thata ho fumana. Empa ho na le transversal ka phuleng sebediswe hohle le bulehileng ho feta, leo ka lona tseleng ho buisana le e mong le e tse ling tse lebōpong le ka le hinterland sehlabeng.

E leng karolo e ka hare ea Highlands hantle potapotoeng ke arcs lithaba. Elbrus e teng ka segopo karolong e ka leboea le Damavand foqohang seretse se chesang (bophahamo ba eona e 5604 limithara). Hape mona ke SeTurkmen-Khorasan le lithabeng (ho akarelletsa le Kopet Dagh), Paropamiz, Hindu Kush (Tirich Mir e ne e le bolelele ba tlhōrōng ea 7690 m - tlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea sehlabeng MoIran).
Ba bang ba ho ba bangata ba litlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa lihlabeng li thehoa ka ho foqoha seretse se chesang foqohe le decaying.

Liminerale MoIran sehlabeng

Matsoai mehloli lihlabeng hanyane ithuta le hampe sebelisoa, empa, ho bonahala, ke kholo haholo. Leruo e ka sehloohong ea sebakeng ke oli e ngata mehloli ba concentrated le ntshetswa pele ka Iran (boroa-bophirimela). mobung tsena li amahanngoa le Mesozoic le Miocene foothill deflection (tsa Zagros). Ho boetse ho na le a tseba ho ba teng ha mehloli hydrocarbon ka leboea ho Iran, libakeng tsa mabalane sa South Caspian (Azerbaijan sebakeng sa Iran).

MoIran sehlabeng na ka sediments lona le mashala (ka libeisine tsa lithaba leliboho karolo e ka leboea). Tsebahalang mobung oa pele, koporo, tšepe, khauta, zinki le joalo-joalo. Na ba libakeng tse hare-hare 'me ka maporogo thoko ho leqephe la sehlaba MoIran, empa ntshetsopeleng bona e ntse e le ba bohlokoa.

Le letsoai mehloli e khōlō ea: sodium, potassium le Glauber. Ka letsoai ka boroa o lilemo Cambrian le ke e matla letsoai domes, holim'a holim'a metsi. Ho na le mobung letsoai le libakeng tse ling tse ngata, leha ho le joalo ba ile ba ba beha hammoho mabopong a matša a mangata, letsoai le likarolong tse bohareng ba Highlands.

maemo a klimate

Hoo e ka bang tsohle tse Plateau MoIran o ka har'a libaka le tropike. likarolo tsa sona tsa, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, ba pota-potiloe ke lithaba. Sena se rerang boemo ba leholimo ba sehlabeng MoIran le litšobotsi tsa lona - omile, thempereichara e phahameng nakong ea lehlabula, 'me naha ea eona.

Kakaretso ea pula ea oela ka hara Plateau mariha le selemo nako linako ka pel'a Polar, leo maholiotsoana therealong moea kena ho tswa ho Atlantic. Hobane karolo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea intercepting mongobo ranges GVW pula e tlaase libakeng tsena.
Mohlala, hare-hare ho ka (. Deshte-lut le gi le joalo-joalo) ho fumana bonyane 100 limilimithara pula selemong sena, matsoapo bophirimela - 500 limilimithara, 'me linaheng tsa bochabela - se fetang 300 limilimithara. Feela la Caspian Sea lebōpong le le Elbrus (letsoapong lona ka leboea) fumana ho fihlela ho 2 sekete. Limilimithara ea pula, tse e filwe meea e northerly tloha libakeng Caspian Sea ka lehlabula. Libakeng tsena ho na le mongobo o moholo, 'me ho se esita le ea baahi ba moo.

MoIran sehlabeng e na le mocheso karolelano ka July lipampitšana e khōlō ea naha - ka hare ho 24 ° C. Ka libaka mabalane, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa, hangata ho fihla 32 ° C. Ho na le boetse ho na le libaka tse moo hlabula mocheso fihla likhatong 40-50, e amanang le ho thehoa ha moea libakeng tsa tropike tse fetang libakeng tsena. Mariha likarolong tse ngata tsa sebakeng sa e batang. Feela South Caspian mabalane (feteletseng boroa) na le karolelano January mocheso ka mefuta e fapaneng 11-15 ° C.

meroho lefatše

Molumo oa pula, le linako le bolelele ba nako ba deposition bona mobung upland me haholo-holo hlalosa ho hōla ba ka limela tsa tlhaho. MoIran sehlabeng na meru hore ke lintho tse tloaelehileng feela libakeng tse itseng ka matsoapo, ka lehlakoreng tobane le meea e mongobo.

Haholo-holo o teteaneng le ruileng meru sebopeho broadleaf hola ka mabalane sa South Caspian le matsoapo haufi tsa Elbrus ho e bophahamong ba ka bang 2000 m.

Ho fetisisa li fumanoa dieike mona chestnut le ba bang ba hae ka mefuta, hornbeam, beech, mahe a linotši tsie la Caspian, tšepe tšepe (tloaelehile haholo Afrika la Caspian), lulang se le setala lebokose-lifate. Lihlahla (undergrowth) - Hawthorn, kharenate, plum. Hloa dimela - hlaha sefate sa morara, Ivy, bb le clematis.

Mabalane meru patiwa le libakeng tse mokhoabo, overgrown le lehlaka le sedges. metsana haufi eketsa lirapa, masimong dilamunu, masimo a raese (libakeng tse le ho feta mongobo).

Ka matsoapo a karolong e ka boroa ea Zagros hola eike, molora, maple leaf, patiwa le myrte le pistachios. meru Pistachio le sefate sa junipere ho na le, 'me ka matsoapo hantle-nosetsoang SeTurkmen-Khorasan lithabeng Suleiman le Paropamiz. Boemong ba ho fihlela haholo laoloa ke lihlahla 'me ntle Alpine makhulo.

lefatše ea liphoofolo

MoIran Plateau e le karolo ea liphoofolo tsa lona o likarolo Mediterranean, hammoho le libaka tsa boahelani: Asia Boroa le Afrika.

Karolong e ka leboea, lapeng ho tse ling tsa liphoofolo tsa Asia Bohareng. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho baahi tsena ha meru e ka leboea, joaloka khama le sootho bere, fumana mona le libatana chesang e mongobo - mangau le linkoe. Le likolobe-moru tse hlaha phela ka moferong mokhoabong.
Ka hare ba Highlands, lithoteng tsa lona phela linku le lipōli tsa thaba, antilopen gazelles, likatse tse hlaha, liphokojoe le litoeba tse sa tšoaneng. Ka masimong a sa mongooses boroa ea mo khahlanyetsa 'me gazelles.

A mefuta e fapaneng haholo ea linonyana fumana bolulo bona libakeng tsena, haholo-holo lacustrine le riverine moferong le mekhoabong: matata, likhantši, flamingo, seagulls. Le ka morung ba pheasants ka fumanoa libakeng tse bulehileng ho feta ea lehoatata - jay eo, Ryabkov 'me ba bang linonyana tsa liphofu.

Qetellong, ba bang ba mathata a upland libakeng tse

Hoo e ka bang sebaka se lohle e nang le ho hloka metsi a mangata. Feela le libaka tse 'maloa feela ka eona. Tletseng phallang linōka hore phalla kena Leoatleng la Caspian, etsahala feela ka leboea. The bongata ba watercourses ea naheng ea e sehlabeng MoIran ha se na phallo ho sa feleng le replenished ka metsi feela ha e lipula kapa lishaoara.

Karolo ea linōka ka fihlang ho bona ka holimo ba le kamehla metsi phallo, 'me ba ile ba ba haholo nako e telele ho omella tsoa le fihlang bona bohareng le e ka tlaase. Koung (Kou ea Oman le ea Persia) oela linōka tse 'maloa tse nyenyane tse. The bongata ba linōka gogo (ho akarelletsa le kholo ka ho fetisisa, Helmand, bolelele ba eona - 1000 km) ke ea libeisine ea drainage hare, ba a oa ka matša letsoai kapa qetella ka mokhoabo oo letsoai kapa mekhoabong ea lithoteng tsa. karolo ea bona ha e kholo: unnavigable, hoo e batlang e ha mehloli ea matla.

Ho pharaletseng sebelisoa metsi ana bakeng sa nosetso. Hammoho linoka le ka libakeng tse le ka tsoa ho tloha chesang mehloli ea metsi e babatsehang oases tala.