Tsamaea, Litaelo
Mofuta wa sebaka Perm. Limela le liphoofolo tsa sebakeng Perm
Perm sebakeng - le naha ea mofuta hlollang, moru taiga, bohehang lithaba, likhohlong, mahaheng, ho itima lijo phallang linōkeng le matšeng a hloekileng. Mona ke mefuta-futa e hlollang ea naha ea naha, ba bangata ba dimela ka seoelo le liphoofolo. Mofuta wa sebaka Perm, setso e ikhethang ea sebakeng sa khahloa baeti ba ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo.
A histori hanyane
Ho fihlela e le qalo ea lekholong la XVIII, sebaka, e neng e akarelletsa ho naha le leholo la tšimoloho ea Kama ho Ural lithaba ka bophirimela 'me ka bochabela,' me ho tloha ka fihlang ho ka holimo ea Pechora River ka leboea ho ea nōkeng e Chusovaya ka leboea le ka boroa, e bitsoang Great Perm.
Ho se tšoane ea lirafshoa le mofuta wa sebaka Perm khahloa bajaki ncha. Ho kajeno e mong oa libaka Russia e kholo ka ho fetisisa indasteri le e litsobotsi li ngata setso le hlollang makgetha a ho tlhaho.
Ka le mateano a litsela tsa Europe le Asia
Sebakeng, teng ka mateano likarolo tseo tse peli tsa lefatše, e akaretsa hoo e ka bang e 'ngoe-ea bohlano ea setereke Ural moruo. Lefelo la sebaka sa eona ka Kama beisine, fana ka e ka tsamaiso e khethehileng ea metjha e ka phihlelo maoatle tse hlano - White, Baltic, la Caspian, Black le Azov.
Flora le liphoofolo
mofuta o mong oa "moeling" moo sebakeng sa susumetsoa sebopeho sa limela le liphoofolo tsa lona. Liphoofolo tsa sebakeng Perm e haholo-holo e emeloa ke mefuta e tloaelehileng ea European. Ke lehae la mefuta e ka bang 60 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang, tse fetang 40 mefuta e meng ea litlhapi, 270 mefuta e meng ea linonyana, hammoho le mefuta e 'maloa ea lihahabi le sehahabi. From likoeteng atileng ka ho fetisisa marten, ho na le liphokojoe, likolobe-moru tse hlaha, liphiri, wolverines, lipela, stoats. Kopana mona likhama, libere le Kangna.
Ho lekane li haella 'me ba hloka ho sireletsa klonoa tloaelehileng, muskrat, mink.
Sebakeng se tletse ka matša, linōka, mekhoabong, floodplains overgrown, meru. Ka meru ea grouse tloaelehileng, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, grouse. Tsa linonyana tse fallang fumanoa blackbirds, engole, starlings.
The limela e boetse ke sa tšoaneng haholo. Ho fapana ho itšetlehile ka literekeng tsa sebakeng seo. The dimela atileng ka ho fetisisa tsa sebaka Perm - phaene, phaene, larch, kalse mohbat, kedare phaene. Ba theha sepakapaka eohle ea taiga, extending ka makholo a km.
Libakeng tse ka boroa ho kopantswe deciduous le meru phaene. Mona ho na le lifate tse sephara-leaved kang eike, Elm, Elm.
Karolong e ka leboea, 'me ho na le lintho tse ngata libakeng tse mokhoabo e bohareng ba sebakeng seo. Matsoapo a lithaba Ural koahetsoeng ka moru phaene. Ka leboea-bochabela ho feteletseng ea sebakeng sa - lejoe kurumniki le tundra mafutsana.
Sebakeng Perm e ntse e hōla tse fetang 130 mefuta e meng ea dimela, e leng tlasa tšireletso ea naha. tse pedi mehloli tlhaho 'me mehloli maloa tlhaho tse teng tikolohong ea Kama. Flora le liphoofolo bohale o fuoa fa nako e ngata.
Le ntseng le hōla tshusumetso batho ka tikoloho tsa tlhaho isang ea fokotseha ka palo ea liphoofolo tse ngata ka seoelo le dimela, ho arohana ha baahi esita le nyamela ka ho feletseng a 'maloa a mefuta e. Tsena ho khethehileng etselitsoe tataiso semmuso e le Red Book ea sebaka se Perm, li na le tlhaloso ea bakang tsebahalang ea fokotseha bona, nahana ka likotsi le nomoro ea mehato ea ho tsosolosa baahi.
The ikhethang la bohale ba
Ho sa tsotellehe ho litoropo, e Moholo Perm 'me kajeno, ho na le phefumoloho ea mehleng ea khale. Lekane itlhalosang mesaletsa ea Great falla, lefa la tsa mehaho ea boholo-holo, tsa meepo le ho tsoelo-pele metallurgical, litšōmo, sebopeho le liphoofolo tse hlaha joalokaha eka amanang hammoho.
Perm Region na le menyetla e mengata bakeng sa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea bohahlauli tsotellehe nako ea tsona. Ena e tlatselitse haholo 'me boemo libaka tsa sebakeng seo. Batho ba khahloa ke a sa tsoaneng a tsa naha, histori e thahasellisang, 'me, ka ho hlakileng, liemahale ikhethang bōpa haholo mofuta wa sebaka Perm. Photo naha ikhethang, thahasellisang le libaka mohlolo ha khaotsa ho e hlolla botle ba sona bo sa tloaelehang.
Ka naha ea sebaka se le teng 325 libaka khethehileng o ile a sireletsa tlas'a tšireletso e khethehileng. Ena ea histori le tsa tlhaho tsamaiso ea, liemahale tlhaho le batho ba bang. Har'a bona ba libakeng tse peli tseo ke mehloli mofuta wa bohlokwa muso. Sena "Vishera" le "Basegi".
The liemahale ho fetisisa tsa bohlokoa tsa ea mofuta wa sebaka Perm fanoa ka setereke Cherdyn. A mangata ba le BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk libakeng.
liemahale tlhaho le libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa lebatowa bohlokwa bohale e arotsoe ka mefuta e latelang:
- paisagem (mafika White boriba Vetlan le Govorlivy lejoe, Stone Town)
- Geological (le Gubakhinsky Orda lehaheng)
- hydrological (Ermakov selemo)
- botaniki le zoological (Zyukaysky taboha, Veslyansky boron megaphyllous)
- Histori le tsa tlhaho mehahong (Kungurskaya lehaheng, Count le Kuva burs).
Kaofela ha bona ke ho lethathamo la dintho tse ding le sireletsoa.
toropong Lejoe
E mong oa ka ho fetisisa ratoa le o ikhethang liemahale tsa tlhaho o ile a re Stone Town. Botle bo sa tloaelehang ba ho estimular tsa boholo-holo Ural lithaba, e tsejoang e le Rudyansky bina, ho ka bonoa haufi metseng le Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge shebahala joaloka orilla o molelele o ka bang 19 km le e telele. E 'ngoe ea litlhōrō tsa lona ke Stone Town. lebitso la sena ho ile ha fanoa ka bahahlauli. Bakeng sa batho ba moo ba e likolopata tsena li. Stone Town e atisa ho boetse o bitsoa tutulu Diabolose.
Tloaelehang lefika outcrops sefika tsa tlhaho thehoa khoele ea corridors le tiers leralleng ka morung. Ba theha ka maikutlo a ba motse, le literata tse moqotetsane le mefuteng e sephara, deadlocks. Ho ea ka phetolelo ea e mong, ba ne ba khaola ka ho le leng la nōka ea boholo-holo. Le e mong oa litšōmo tse ngata e re hang ha e ne e le motse hlollang, e hlollang le botle ba neng ba sa feela bona morali foufetseng ea morena. letsatsi le le leng e moloi rerang bobe e filwe ho folisa khosatsana. King o ile a lumela, empa ka motsotso haholo ha mahlo a hae a khutla, motse retelehela ho lejoe.
liemahale tsa tlhaho tsa sebakeng Perm sebakeng se haufi le seteisheneng Usva ha a felle feela ho Stone Town. Hape ba bohlokoa ho etela litšiea tummeng Usvinskie le mahaheng Sukhoi Log.
Usvinskie litšiea
litšiea buka e ikhethang lejoe, a otlolla bakeng sa km 'maloa ka Usva River, nkoa e mong oa celow podrozy motle bahahlauli ka ho le letona. Ena ke mokhabo e khōlō ea majoe, e hahiloeng ya lejoe la mokoetla. Ka litšiea tsa eona imprints likorale boholo-holo le mesaletsa e meng e bontša ka ho hlaka hore batho ba limilione ba lilemong tse fetileng, ho na le e ne e le leoatle.
Buka e ikhethang lefika lihlopha ee nang le marontho le mahaheng le caverns. Ba bang ba bona, joaloka grotto Stolbovoy, nakong e fetileng e ne e le bolulo bakeng sa batho ba.
Joaloka makenete bakeng sa bahahlauli lefika, ba mo reneketsa Thumb tsa Diabolose. sebopeho sa eona 'me boholo ba bona bo hlollang. E ngata tsa 70 mitha phahameng selomong e tšoaroa ka tšesaane "maoto". O ne a bonahala ho bontša inaccessibility lona le boipuso. Sena ke e mong oa libaka ratang ho hloa chesehelang.
Orda lehaheng
Ka mala ha thaba Kazakovsky, enfelopo Kungur noka ke telele ka ho fetisisa ka tlas'a metsi lehaheng naha 'me ea bobeli telele ka ho fetisisa Eurasia - Orda Cave. Holim 'a thaba, ho feta joaloka leralleng, ho na le sinkholes kgolo, e' ngoe ea tseo ke monyako ho sebakeng sena maloprimetny liphoofolo tse hlaha.
Kungur lehaheng
Sena ke e mong oa liemahale tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea tlhaho ea tikolohong eo, o lutse lebōpong letona la Sylva. Ka bolibeng mohlolo tsa Kungur lehaheng ka ho sa feleng oa busa Ural mariha. Esita le ka matsatsi a chesang hlabula ho e lule e mokhabiso oa eona o leqhoa oa sekhukhu mahaheng leboha ho microclimate khethehileng. beng khahlehang setso le lehloa - le ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa e sa bonahaleng ea metsi, se hlolang ka nako lilemo tse likete tse 'maloa. cavities Huge le lithanele Ice Mountain ya kokangana khoele corridors. Bolelele kakaretso ea dithuto tsohle tsa eona - limithara tse 5700. Ho na le matša a 70 le 58 mahaheng. Tse ling tsa likamore tse ka tlas'a lefatše oa lehaha 'na ba bolelele ba limithara tse 20 le ho li finyella e le bophara ba limithara tse ho fihlela ho 100. le mahaha a mangata a ho enneng khabisitsoeng ka kristale leqhoa, stalactites le stalagmites. Mokhabiso ntle ka ho fetisisa ka ithorisa Diamond le Polar grottos.
Moralo oa pele ke e ikhethang Geological sefika e ne e entsoe ka XVIII lekholong la lilemo la limmapa S. Remezov le baahi ba moo, ba neng ba sa itsebisa pele bakeng sa nyoriloe tobogan sa tloaelehang. O ne a sa phethahala 'me o ho pheta-pheta fetotsoe. Hona joale bakeng sa bahahlauli hlomelloa le km 1.5 tsa galleries ka tlas'a lefatše.
lehaheng Kungur siea haholo ea liphihlelo sa lebaleheng ka linako tsohle. Ke e mong oa pōpo ea khanyang ea Nature, bōpa feela leqhoa le metsi.
Vetlan-Lejoe
Mofuta wa sebaka Perm le entse hore ho be sefika buka e ikhethang e le Vetlan Lejoe, teng ka nōkeng Vishera. Sepheo ena emela lilomong fetisisang ea tsamaiso, extending limithara tse 1750.
Ka holimo a Vetlan-Lejoe ke shebisisa mokatong oa sekepe, eo e qala ka mahlo ka pono e ikhethang ea ho vistas sa feleng. Ho na le hangata bahahlauli ba tsamaeang ka Vishera.
Vishera pokello
Reserve, ho bua leshano ka hare karolong e leboea-bochabela ea setereke Krasnovishersky, nkoa e le sebaka seo ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa Northern Urals. Mona ke tlhōrō e phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa sebaka sa - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 limithara), bohehang lithaba ranges Larch, Isher, Beha-Tumpen, tšebeletso ea thapelo le ba bang ba bangata. From litlhōrō tsa bona le maikutlo haholo, 'me ka matsoapo a hunkering lithaba matša le kristale hlakile metsi. Ka pokello phallo lithaba linōka Nyenyane le Big tse bitsoang capelin, Vishera, Niols River le Shoals le liphororo, liphororo ntle.
Mona, ka botle ba eona hloekileng a sireletsa meru le masimong a lula kurums, lejoe oa, eaba ba etsa lejoe maoatle le linōka. liphoofolo mona li tloaelehile sable, Elk, bere, Beaver, marten, Beaver le ba bang ba bangata. The pokello ho na le ka bang 150 mefuta e mikobionta (boriba), 100 fapaneng mefuta e boriba, 500 - dimela vascular. Bakeng sa polokeho ea bona 'me tlaleho eo e se e khethehileng bōptjoa Red Book ea sebaka se Perm, nehetsoeng ho sa tloaelehang le kotsing dimela, linonyana le liphoofolo feela Kama. lethathamong la hae ho akarelletsa ho whooper khantsi, peregrine phakoe, ntsu, Merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, sephooko le ba bang ba bangata.
pokello e boetse ho na le ntlha e ikhethang ea Urals le - e le sebaka sa convergence ea libakeng tse e tlisitseng tsa linōka tse tharo haholo - e Volga, ob, le Pechora.
Basegi
Basegi - e bohehang lithaba, bochaba har'a expanses sabaletseng ea taiga ka li susumelletsa bophirimela tsa Ural lithaba. Matsatsing a khale e ne e le e 'ngoe, kajeno ho na le ea litlhōrō tse tharo ikemetseng - North, South le bo Hare Baseg. Meru e sebakeng tsa bona li bolaea bakeng sa botle ba sona hloekileng. Ena ke tlhaloso Sepheo sa lintho tse phelang tikolohong taiga.
Baseg karolelano - ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya pokello (994 limithara). Ka holim'a e ka ho hlaka le bitsoa letsoapong golf, koahetsoeng ka meru le kurums. Block oa majoe, ba thellisoe ke makaka ka matsoapo a bona koahetsoeng ka selotlolo 'mala boriba crustose e mosa ea mohlala tse mebala-bala. A ke jeoa ke bolutu ba 'eme ba majoe, buttes le oohle oa accumulations bona tšoana lipalo le liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng.
Lebitso la pokello e nkiloeng ho tloha North Russia lentsoe "Basques", eo boleng ke "o motle." Ka litlhōrō tsa lithaba ho lebanta lithaba-tundra, tlase e ke hlollang le subalpine makhulo. Tsena ke libaka tse moo concentrated liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa sebakeng Perm, hammoho le mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea limela.
"O na le boikarabelo ba naha ea habo bona ..."
Mofuta wa ea tlotlisitsoeng ka mesebetsi ea bangoli ba tse ngata tsebahalang ea ileng a etela ba Kama. Setso sebaka qalong ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ho na le o ile a bōptjoa ka bophara metsaneng nyane fektheri. batsamaisi le tsebo ba ile ba memeloa ho lula ka libini, bangoli le barutehi ba bang. Mohlala, ho na le e ne e shebahala ba motse Vsevolodo-Vilva leboha ho philanthropist le industrialist Savva Morozov. Mona re ileng ra lula le phetse ka linako tse fapaneng B. L. Pasternak le A. P. Chehov.
Lits'oants'o tse nyane le lipale V. P. Astafeva bonahala imbued le maikutlo a "o na le boikarabelo ba naheng ea habo bona, bakeng sa lapeng tse nyenyane bakeng sa lefatše leo u phelang ho eona."
"Great Perm"
Mofuta wa sebaka Perm hlollang. mahaheng bohehang le e sa tloaelehang lefika, lilomong tse lebōpong la leoatle, thehoa ka lebaka la pula le moea, e phallang metsi ke liemahale bōpiloe ka tlhaho ka boeona.
The tsoa amoheloang ke morero lebatowa "Great Perm" kgatello e khōlō ka setšoantšo sa botle ba tlhaho ba bohale ho ka karete ea khoebo ea sebakeng seo. Ho se tšoane tsa naha ea tlatsetsa a mangata bohahlauli, tobogan ho tsamaea le ho e buka e ikhethang dikahare ka ea histori-setso.
mosebetsi ona o ke Kama mohahlauli sebakeng se nang balekane e entsoeng ka lihlopha tsa "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" le "Ashatly". Theme lirapeng tsa boikhathollo rerile kopane ka tsela e le 'ngoe ea machaba, ho bōpa e ka molao-motheo oa "Golden Ring".
Hantle sena ke monyetla o ikhethang oa ho hlahloba leruo la tlhaho, ea setso le ea histori melemo ya sebakeng seo.
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