Mesebetsi nucleolar ka seleng eng? The nucleolus: sebopeho le mosebetsi

Ka seleng ke unit trust motheo ea lintho tse phelang Lefatšeng, 'me o na le lik'hemik'hale tse rarahaneng mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa mehaho e bitswang organelles. Tsena li akarelletsa motheo, sebopeho le mesebetsi ya eo re tla e hlahloba sehloohong sena.

Features ya nuclei eukaryotic

lisele tse Nucleated ka sebopeho lona e na le batho bao e seng lera organelles lekaneng, motenya ho feta karyoplasm 'me a bitsa nucleolus kapa nucleoli. Ba ile ba sibolla lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. Joale nucleoli ho lekaneng ithutile ka elektrone microscopy. Hoo e ka bang ho fihlela ea 50s ea mosebetsi nucleolar lekholong la lilemo la bo20 la lilemo ha li fumanoe, 'me bo-rasaense ba nkoa organelle ena, ho ena le hoo, e le pokello ea lintho tse katileng maemo sebelisoa nakong mitosis.

lipatlisiso tsa kajeno li e thehile hore organoid akarelletsa ho granules nucleoprotein tlhaho. Ho feta moo, liteko tsa skeletal tiisa hore organelle kenyelletsa ditokiseletso palo e khōlō ea liprotheine. Hore ba bakela segokanyipalo lona phahameng. Ho feta moo proteids, nucleoli teng ea ho hlophisoa e nyenyane ea RNA le DNA.

seleng ea potoloho

Ho thahasellisang ke hore bophelong ba ka seleng, eo e na le nako e sa phomolo (interphase) le karohano (meiosis - bong, mitosis - the somatic seleng e), nucleoli bolokwa kamehla. Ho joalo, ka interphase khubu le nucleolus, e leng ho sebetsa - pholosa liphatsa tsa lefutso e le ho sebopeho sa ea organelles nang le protheine e synthesizing ba teng le hakaalo. Qalong ea karohano seleng, e leng prophase, ba nyamele le botjha thehoa feela qetellong ea telophase, a ntse a bolokiloe gorole e le ho fihlela karohano le hlahlamang kapa ho apoptosis - timetsoa ha eona.

nucleolus morulaganyi

Ka 30s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore ho thehoe nucleoli e laoloa ke likarolo tse itseng tsa chromosomes itseng. Ba na le liphatsa tsa lefutso, e leng se boloka boitsebiso bo mabapi le hore na sebopeho le seo ke mesebetsi ya nucleolus ka seleng. Ho na le ke Correlation pakeng tsa palo ea morulaganyi nucleolar le organelles bona. Ka mohlala, Afrika clawed Frog na ka lona karyotype pedi nucleolus chromosome 'me kahoo ka nuclei ea lisele somatic e nucleoli tse peli.

Kaha mesebetsi nucleolus hammoho le ho ba teng ha sona e haufi-ufi amanang le karohano seleng e le sebōpeho sa ribosomes, ho organelles maphelong a bona a haelloa ke e khethehileng haholo boko dinama tse nyenyane tse, mali, 'me ka zygote blastomeres Mace.

kholiso ea nucleoli

Bohato ba a maiketsetso a interphase hammoho le DNA boikatiso intša palopedi le hlaha fetang rRNA liphatsa tsa lefutso. Kaha mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho nucleolus - tlhahiso ea ribosomes, mabapi le overexpression tsa loci DNA e etsa boitsebiso bo mabapi le RNA ho ka tsela e hlollang e ile ea eketseha palo ea organelles tsena. Nucleoproteins, se amanang le chromosomes qala ho sebetsa autonomously. Ka lebaka leo - ka plurality nucleoli ka khubung thehoa, distancing ka boeona e ho tloha chromosomes nucleolar. ketsahalo ena e bitsoa kholiso ea rRNA liphatsa tsa lefutso. Tsoele pele ho ithuta mosebetsi oa nucleolus ka seleng, re hlokomela hore motho ea mafolofolo ho fetisisa tsa tswakana le hlaha ka meiotic prophase tsa meiosis, oo ka oona pele odara oocytes ka 'na na le nucleoli makholo a' maloa.

Se boleloang ke likokoana-hloko tsa ketsahalo ena e hlakileng ha u nahana hore ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea embryogenesis: sithabetsa le blastulation, o lokela ho ba le chelete e ngata ea ribosomes synthesizing boitsebiso moaho - protheine. Kholiso - toka ho tloaelehile hore batho ka mokhoa o, ho nka sebaka ka oogenesis ea limela, likokoanyana, sehahabi, tomoso, 'me ba bang ba protists.

Histochemical sebopeho organelles

Re tsoela pele ho ithuta ea lisele eukaryotic le dibopeho tsa bona, 'me nahana ka nucleolus, sebopeho le mesebetsi eo ba tla ama. E ile ea fumana hore ho na le mefuta e meraro ea thepa ea motheo:

1. Nukleonemy (litelu sebopeho). Ba heterogeneous le na le fibrils le ke makhapa. E le karolo ea bobeli ea limela le phoofolo lisele tse, nukleonemy litsi foromo fibrillar. Cytochemical sebopeho le mosebetsi wa nucleolus e boetse ke itšetlehile ka ho ba teng ho eona ea lenaane-thalo le - e le marangrang a sa referense protheine e phahameng sebōpeho sa limolek'hule le.
2. Vacuoles (lintlha-khōlō tsa).
3. Pellets Granular (nucleolin).

From pono ea tlhatlhobisisa lik'hemik'hale, ho organoid na le hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng tsa RNA le protheine le DNA ke feela ka periphery ea eona, eaba ba etsa e annular sebopeho - okoloyadryshkovy chromatin.

Kahoo re ile ra theha hore sebōpeho sa nucleolus e entsoe ka mekhatlo e mehlano: ho granular le fibrillar litsi, chromatin, protheine reticulum le letšo-letšo fibrillar motsoako.

mefuta nucleoli

Skeletal sebōpeho sa organelles tsena itšetlehile ka mofuta seleng ea ka eo ba neng ba le teng, hammoho le litšobotsi tsa metabolism bona. Khetholla mefuta e 5 ea nucleoli motheo mehaho. Origin - reticular, ho atileng ka ho fetisisa le e tšoauoa ka nala ea teteaneng clumps fibrillar lintho tse bonahalang le nucleoproteins nucleons. Tshebetso ya ho rewriting lesedi nucleolar morulaganyi sebetsang haholo, kahoo litsi fibrillar ke hampe bonahalang tlas'a ya microscope ho.

Kaha mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho nucleolus ka seleng - the tswakana tsa subunits ribosomal, eo theha organelles nang le protheine e synthesizing, mofuta wa reticular ea mokhatlo oa tlholeho ka limela le liphoofolo lisele tse ka bobeli. Nucleoli annular mofuta o hlahellang teng lisele tse connective dinama tse nyenyane tse: lymphocytes le lisele tse endothelial, eo liphatsa tsa lefutso li transcribed rRNA hoo e batlang. nucleoli barrel li fumanoa lisele tse ka ho feletseng lahlehile leng bokhoni ba ho mongwalollo Ka mohlala, normoblasts le enterocytes.

mofuta Segregated lisele tse sa tlholeho ba nang le phihlelo botahoa carcinogens, lithibela-mafu. Qetellong, motho o mofuta diseke ee ea litsi nucleolar fibrillar tšoauoa ka sete le palo e fokolang ea nucleons.

Nucleolar protheine popeho

Re tsoela pele ho ithuta sebōpeho hare mehaho e khenele le bona hore seo ke mesebetsi ya nucleolus ka metabolism seleng. E o tsejoa hore ba ka bang 60% ka boima ba 'mele omileng oela ena liprotheine organelle tse etsang chromatin, likaroloana ribosomal, hammoho le e loketseng nucleolar liprotheine. A re hlahlobeng bona ka ho qaqileng. Karolo ea proteids ke ka setotsoana sebetsa le - sebopeho sa ba hōlileng tsebong ribosomal RNA. Tsena li akarelletsa RNA polymerase 1 le nuclease hore tlosa triplets feteletseng le limolek'hule tsohle rRNA. Protein fibrillarin teng o teteaneng fibrillar motsoako, 'me joaloka nuclease le etsa ho e lokisa. E mong protheine - nucleolin. Hammoho fibrillarin e ka PFC le FC nucleoli le nucleolar morulaganyi chromosome prophase tsa mitosis.

Joalo polypeptide ka nukleofozin sebakeng libaka granular le letšo-letšo fibrillar motsoako, ho kopanelang papaling ea ho ea sebopeho sa ribosomal 40 S le 60 S subunits.

Seo etsang nucleolus

The tswakana tsa RNA ribosomal - mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa bo tlang ho phetha nucleoli. Ka nako ena, ka holim'a lona (i.e. litsing fibrillar) le hlaha mongwalollo ke potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale RNA polymerase. Ho hlophisa ena nucleolar tsa maiketsetso tse makholo pele ho mehla ea ribosomes ribonucleoprotein bitsoa globules. Ba ba thehoa subunits ribosomal hore ka pores nyutlelie 'me u karyoplasm bona ka bobona ka e cytoplasm seleng. Ba banyenyane yuniti e nyane 40S e amana le lenģosa RNA, 'me feela ka mor'a hore e kholo yuniti e nyane 40S o khomaretse ba. Setšoantšo sa ribosome ba hōlileng tsebong ba nang le bokhoni hore ba hasa - the tswakana liprotheine lisele.

A sehloohong sena a re nucleolar sebopeho le mosebetsi o ne a ile a ithuta ka ho limela le liphoofolo liseleng.