Mefuta ea Money Systems

Tsamaiso ea chelete ke mokhoa o ikhethang oo chelete e ajoang naheng e 'ngoe, e thehiloeng ka nako e telele mme e amoheloa ke molao. Europe, litsamaiso tsa lichelete tse thehiloeng lekholong la bo16 la bo17 la lilemo.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea lichelete ea mekhoa ea lichelete e ile ea iphetola 'me ea ntlafatsoa linaheng tse fapaneng ka nako e fapaneng. Lenaneo la lichelete ka boeona le fetela mekhahlelo e 'meli ea histori: ea pele - ha khauta e ne e sebelisoa e le e lekanang le bokahohleng, e phethahatsa mesebetsi ea chelete; Ea bobeli ke ha karolo ea khauta e oela le chelete ea mokoloto e kenngoa ho potoloha.

Lintlha tsa tsamaiso ea lichelete ke: lebitso la chelete ea chelete (mokhatlong oa Russia - ruble), mefuta ea lintlha tsa banka, tekanyo ea litheko, mokhoa oa ho tsamaisoa le ho lefshoa ha chelete, taelo ea chelete ea chelete, lisebelisoa tsa mmuso bakeng sa ho laola lipapali tsa chelete.

Karolo e fapaneng ea tsamaiso ea chelete ke chelete ea tsamaiso ea naha, eo ka molao e sebetsang e le ntho e ikemetseng e ikemetseng.

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea mekhoa ea lichelete e ikhethang linaheng tsa histori. Ke tsoelo-pele ka nako e lebisang phetohong tsamaisong ea likoloi. Tabeng ena, mohopolo le mefuta ea litsamaiso tsa lichelete li itšetlehile ka mofuta oa ts'ebetso ea chelete. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mefuta e joalo: thepa le chelete e nepahetseng (lipontšo tsa boleng). Phapang ea mefuta ena ke hore tlasa mekhoa ea tšebeliso ea tšepe , chelete e sebetsa ka mokhoa oa lichelete tsa tšepe, 'me tlas'a mekotla ea chelete ea pampiri le chelete , chelete e ajoa ka mokhoa oa libanka, likoloto, lichelete, lintlha tsa matlotlo.

Ka ho fetisoa ha tšepe, mefuta ena ea tsamaiso ea lichelete e khetholloa: monometallism le bimetallism.

Bimetallism ke mokhoa oo metsoako e 'meli ea bohlokoa (hangata silevera le khauta) e fuoang karolo e lekanang le thepa le litekanyetso tsohle. Chelete ea lichelete tse peli e ntšoa ka mokhoa o lekanang.

Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea bimetallism ke tsamaiso ea lichelete tse ts'oanang (ho lekanyelitsoe ha chelete ka khauta le silevera), lichelete tse peli (karolelano ena e khethoa ke mmuso) le chelete "ea holofetseng" (licheleteng tsa tšepe tse peli ke mokhoa oa ho lefa, empa eseng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang). Bimetallism e 'nile ea e-ba teng linaheng tsa Europe le Russia. Empa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse peli ka nako e le 'ngoe e ne e hanyetsa mofuta oa chelete mme e lebisa ho fokolang ha theko. Ka lebaka leo, litekanyo tse peli tsa boleng li ile tsa tlosoa. Ho ne ho e-na le lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa phetoho ea monometallism.

Monometallism ke mokhoa o joalo oa ho potoloha, ha tšepe e le 'ngoe feela e ka sebetsa e le ntho e lekanang le bokahohleng. Lichelete tsa tšepe li hoheloa (ebang ke khauta kapa silevera) le matšoao a mang a boleng, e leng phapanyetsano bakeng sa tšepe. Khauta ea monometallism e ile ea qala ho thehoa Engelane ho ella qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo. Silver monometallism Russia e ile ea fihla ka 1843.

Mefuta ea morao-rao ea tsamaiso ea lichelete e bonahatsoa ke ho lahleheloa ha chelete le tšepe; Bolaoli ba chelete ea mokitlane, eseng ho lekanngoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa, tse leng haufi le pampiri; Ntšetso-pele ea phaello ea chelete e seng chelete le ho fokotseha ha chelete; Inflation; Ho laola boemo ba boemo ba lichelete.

Mantsoe a libanka kajeno ke a tlhaho ea mokitlane: a fanoa bakeng sa kholo ea lichelete tsa khauta le linaheng tse ling, tse reretsoeng ho alima liindasteri, li itšetlehile ka melao ea papali ea chelete ea pampiri.

Boemo ba tsamaiso ea lichelete bo itšetlehile ka mekhoa ea ho ikatisa, eo e e susumetsang, e potlakisa kapa e e thibelang. Chelete le chelete ea mokitlane mokhatlong oa mehleng ea kajeno li hlophisoa ke naha. Ka nako e 'ngoe banka e ka sehloohong e batla ho fokotsa khaello ea chelete ka ho eketsa boholo ba chelete ka bothata bo eketsehileng ba matšoao a bohlokoa.

Tsamaiso ea chelete ea Russia Federation e amohela ruble e le motheo oa lichelete. Matla a lekhetho Russia Federation e na le mefuta e joalo ea chelete e le li-banknotes (banknotes) le lichelete tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe. Litefiso li ka etsoa ka chelete le foromo e seng ea chelete.