Matsoai acid e

Ha acid e le 'ngoe kapa liathomo hydrogen tsohle ka go engwa legatong ke ealogy mong, joalo lik'hemik'hale ntho e bitswang letsoai. Metal kapa sehlopha ammonium ka molek'hule ea kamehla e na le e ntle ho kena moea boemo le ba bitsoa cations. Asiti masalla o bitsoa anion. matsoai All thehoa le tšepe hore ho matleng a Group IA tsa tafole nako le nako, ke qhibilihang ka har'a. Mabapi le matsoai thehoa IIa sehlopha tšepe, solubility bona fapana.

Ho na le mahareng, haeba kaofela ha molek'hule hydrogen ka acid e ea polybasic e ka go engwa legatong ke ealogy ngoe, hammoho le matsoai acid e, haeba, ho phaella ho cations tšepe kapa ammonium se teng ka hydrogen sebele qosoa. Ka mohlala, letsoai tloaelehile ka bontšitsoeng:

- magnesium sulfate MgSO4;

- aluminium sulphate Al2 (SO4) 3;

- ammonium phosphate (NH4) 3PO4;

- sodium carbonate Na2CO3.

Dissociation ea letsoai e mahareng le hlaha ka cations positive, tšepe le anions mpe acid e masalla. Kgetho karolelano letsoai tswang e acid e le mabitso a ealogy lona eaba ba etsa.

Asiti letsoai ba thehoa ke tloswa a leeme ya hydrogen ka tšepe kapa ammonium sehlopha. Kahoo, ba bopilwe tšepe e, haedrojene le e masalla acid e. sebopeho bona ke khoneha feela acid polybasic. Mehlala ea metsoako joalo:

- carbonate sodium hydrogen NaHCO3;

- sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4;

- sodium hydrogenphosphate Na2HPO4;

- sulfate potassium hydrogen KHSO4.

Ka sehlooho bona joale le ketapele "haeterojene" (haeba e mong unsubstituted hydrogen ealogy) kapa "dihydro" (haeba ho na le ba babeli ba unsubstituted cations hydrogen).

Tharollo ea metsi ea letsoai acid e ba dissociated ho anions mpe ka mokgwa wa anions, hammoho le mefuta e 'meli ea cations positive, (ions tšepe le hydrogen): NaHSO4 ↔ Na + + H + + SO4ˉ ˉ. Hydrolysis asiti letsoai thehoa ka acid e matla, ea metsi mahareng na le ph ka tlase ho 7, ka hona lebitso la matsoai ana. The hydrolysis ya letsoai acid e tswang acid fokolang (mohlala, hydrogen), tharollo ke ho se nke lehlakore kapa alkaline, i.e. e ph ya bonyane 7.

Ha letsoai karolelano e ka fumanoa e le lebaka la sebelisana tsa tšepe le asiti, le mekhoa e meng, ho lokisetsa ya letsoai acid e thehiloeng itsoara joang ka fetang:

• e acid e polybasic ka letsoai, ka karolelano. Ka tsela eo o ile a fumana sodium hydrogensulfate: H2SO4 + Na2SO4 → 2NaHSO4, metsi qhibilihang ka har'a diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2HPO4: H3PO4 + 2NH3 → (NH4) 2HPO4 kapa k'halsiamo carbonate: CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O → Ca (HCO3) 2;

• e acid e polybasic ka a alkali. Mohlala, e thehiloeng ka ho amohela dihydrogen ke barium itsoara joang ka abel: 2H3PO4 + Ba (OH) 2 → Ba (H2PO4) 2 + 2H2O. Susumetsa le a alkali acid e letsoai, kaha ba na le lihlahisoa tsa neutralization ea fella ka fumana phahameng letsoai hape;

• asiti oxide e le a alkali le joalo o ile a fumana k'halsiamo carbonate: 2CO2 + Ca (OH) 2 → Ca (HCO3) 2.

E o tsejoa hore hydrocarbons ha a eo ka boemo ba leholimo, tobane le ho le tokelo ya ka nako le nako Table Groups IIa, le hydrocarbons tiileng ba fumana feela bakeng sa sehlopha IA likarolo.

Letsoai ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka liindasteri tse sa tšoaneng, empa ba bang ba ka tataiso e akaretsang ea ho sebelisa ha bona hase joaloka tsohle le batho ka bomong. Kopo ya mofuta ona wa letsoai itšetlehile ka thepa ea metsoako lik'hemik'hale le e laolwang ke bokgono moruo.

Kahoo, ho etsa mohlala, ammonium hydrogenphosphate (NH4) 2HPO4 sebelisoa e le phosphorus-ammonium rarahaneng manyolo ka temo. Ho phaella moo, motsoako ona o sebelisoang ho loantša mello: tshireletso mollo ba sebetsa dibopeho fapaneng. Hape, (NH4) 2HPO4 li sebelisoa e le additives ka tlhahiso ea limaraka tse itseng ea koae.

Sodium hydrosulfite NaHSO3 sebediswa bakeng sa soeufala ea thepa e fapaneng le lifoto.

K'halsiamo bisulfite Ca (HSO3) 2 ke ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa selulose ho tloha patsi.

Bisulfites tse asiti letsoai ea acid e sulfurous, H2SO3, karolo ea epinephrine lithethefatsi, 'me ba sebediswa ka baeloji ea limolek'hule.

Hydrogensulfates KHSO4 le NaHSO4 sodium potassium li sebelisoa e le ts'ebetsong ka bao e seng ferrous metallurgy.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3 - lithethefatsi, boholo ba tsebahalang acid e phaella moo letsoai. ha a lokolloa ka Sterlitamak (khampani "soda") ho latela tobileng e ngotsoeng GOST 2156-76. Sodium bicarbonate e sebelisoa ka lijo, lik'hemik'hale le meriana liindasteri, ka meriana le ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi.