Lipontšo tsa lingoliloeng classic. Mohlala oa classicism Russia ka Comedy le "The Minor"

Nakong ea puso ea Petra Velikogo Russia o ile a qala ho rala metheo ea ya mokhoa o mocha oa libuka. Lipontšo tsa classicism simolohile Italy lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. Nakong ea lilemo tse makholo a tataiso ea fihlile ntshetsopeleng lona phahameng ka ho fetisisa Fora nakong ea puso ea Louis bo14 la lilemo, ea ipolelang hore marena a feletseng.

Qaleho ea mehla ea classic le litšobotsi tse akaretsang

Motheong likhopolo bakeng sa sebopeho sa e le mokhatlo oa dingolwa ke ho nkeloa ka lapeng ha matla a matla naha. Ka ka sehloohong pakane ea bona sete classicism thoriso eohle marena a feletseng. Le fetoletsoeng e le ho tswa ho Latin poleloana e reng classicus bolelang "behang mohlala o motle." Lipontšo tsa lingoliloeng classic fumanang tšimoloho bona ho tloha linakong tsa boholo-holo, 'me motheo oa mogopolofela ya sehlahiswa fetoha N. Boileau "thothokiso Art" (1674). Ho go gorosa khopolo ea ba tse tharo le puo e mabapi le ho latelwa tieo ya dikahare le foromo.

Motheong filosofi ea classicism

Rationalist metaphysics Rene Dekarta susumetsoa sebopeho sa mokhatlo oa ena dingolwa. Khohlano ka sehloohong classics e ba ntoa a ho nahana le takatso e matla. Ho ya ka ho makala mefutakwalo tsohle ka mekhoa e phahameng, mahareng le tlaase ba ne ba bōpiloe oona tsamaisong bonono.

makgetheng senotlolo sa classicism akarelletsa tšebeliso ea melao ya unities tharo (nako, sebaka le bohato) le poetics normative, ka lebaka la seo o ile a The mariki tsa tlhaho ntshetsopeleng ya tshebetso bongoling. Caste le feudal sehlopha se busang e bontšoa ke tlhaku aristocratic tsa classicism. Heroes tsena ka go tlhaolega baemeli ba nobility ba tsena bajari bokhabane. Phahameng sechaba cheseho le ho rata naha hamorao ea e-ba motheo oa ho sebopeho sa tse ling tse mekhoa bongoling.

Lipontšo tsa lingoliloeng classic. Features ya classicism Russia

Russia ke mokhatlo oa dingolwa qala ho nka sebopeho lekholong la bo17 la lilemo morao. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore mesebetsi ea classicists Russia fumana mabapi le N. Boileau, classicism Russia e fapane haholo. ntshetsopeleng lona sebetsang, o ile a qala ka mor'a lefu la Peter e Moholo, ha baruti le nobility lekile ho boele mmuso ka mehleng ea pele ho Petrine. Matšoao tse latelang tse ikhethang oa ho ea Russia classicism tataiso:

1. Ho batla ho le e nahanelang, joalokaha ho ne ho susumetsoa ke leseli maikutlo.
2. Tsekisaneng tsa tlhaho tekano ea batho bohle.
3. Khohlano ka sehloohong e hlahile pakeng tsa ba phahameng sechabeng le bourgeoisie.
4. Russia, ho na le mehleng ea khale lona - histori Native.

Odic lithothokiso, classic, ya bokgabane Lomonosov

Mikhail e ne e se feela rasaense tsa tlhaho, empa hape e le mongoli. O tieo o ile a re lipontšo tsa classicism, le zanes hae khale ka aroloa lihlopha tse 'maloa thematic:

1. Ka tlhōlo ho bontša lerato la naha. "Zanes ka ho kha Khotin '(1739) e ile khomaretse lengolo la melao ea versification Serussia. sehlahisoa sa ho pharaletseng sebediswa matshwaonyana le hlahiswa setšoantšo kopanetsweng tsa lesole Serussia.
2. Zanes amanang le kamohelo teroneng ea morena, eo ho eona lipontšo tsa classicism amahanngoa ka ho hlaka haholo. Lomonosov ngotse mesebetsi lebisitsoe ho Anna Empress Elizabeth, Catherine II. Laudable zanes mongoli oa buka ho bonahala phutholohile ho fetisisa conformal buisana le morena wa.
3. Moea. Lekholong la bo18 la lilemo ba ileng ba sengwalollwa litemana tsa Bibele le diteng lyrical. Mona mongoli o bua ho eseng feela ka liphihlelo tse botho, empa hape ka litaba bokahohleng.

odes Lomonosov

Mikhail khomarela mongolo mesebetsi ea mofutakwalo ikhethang, e neng e tšoauoa ka puo e mekete, ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho ho hlahisa maikutlo bonono le boipiletso bo - ke likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa classicism ka zanes ena. Lomonosov bua ka bahale le ho rata naha lihlooho, e tsebahalang ka ho botle ba motherland, 'me e khothalletsa batho ho ithuta saense. O na le boikutlo bo nepahetseng ho marena le ho "zanes ka letsatsi la kamohelo teroneng ea Elizabeth Petrovna," bontša khopolo ena. Ho ba tsebo motho, Mikhail etsa boiteko ba ho ruta kaofela ea baahi ba Russia, ka lebaka leo fana ka balateli ba lona ea ruileng dingolwa lefa.

Tsela ea ho khetholla khale? Lipontšo tsa classicism ka Comedy le "The Minor"

Product na le liketso tsa (ka tloaelo ho 5) le liketsahalo, le ka taba ea ho fetola moqoqo ka Comedy khale ke mmuso. Mongoli e re tsena matshwao a classicism "ignoramus" le "Brigadier".

Popontshwa le botho ba comedies Fonvizin

mosebetsi oa hae dingolwa qala ka Denis Ivanovich liphetolelo tse litemana European na nako ha ho bapala karolo ea Drama Theater. Ka 1762 o ne a hlahisa Comedy "Brigadier" ebe "Korionov". Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa ho tsohle e bontša matšoao a ho classicism ka "ignoramus" - mesebetsi fetisisa amogelwang ea mongoli eo. The peculiarity ya mosebetsi oa hae o larileng ka ka ha e le hantle e le hore a se khahlanong le hore leano la 'muso le latola liforomo o teng ea puso hirileng. O bona ba marena se loketseng, se etselitsoeng motero ka molao, e leng lumella ho ntshetsa pele sehlopha sa bourgeois le dumella boleng batho ke ea sechaba ka tlelaseng. maikutlo a bana ba ne ba bonahala ka mangolong a hae boqolotsi ba ditaba.

"Foromane": khopolo le kakaretso

Fonvizin bontša ka boeona e le playwright ho bopa comedies bona. Ho hlahisa "Brigadier" e ne e le katleho e khōlō ka bamameli ba ka ho fa setšoantšo kopanetsweng tsa sehlopha kaofela. Motheong oa mekato kgohlano lerato. Semelo se seholo ke ho se bonolo ho tseba hore na, hobane e mong le e ha a eo ka boeona e, empa e le motlatsi ho ea ka setšoantšo kopanetsweng tsa nobility Serussia. Ea neano ea khale Comedy pale ea lerato playwright sebelisoa ka merero ea satirical. litlhaku tseo tsohle ba kopane ho hloka kelello 'me ho ba meharo, ba ka tieo arotsoe ka ntle' me a fosahetseng - litšobotsi khōlō ea Comedy classic hlaka pholoha. Metlae e le hantle playwright fihla feletseng sa lokelang boitšoaro ba batho ba hlahang ka ho sebelisa kelello le boitšoaro bo botle. "Brigadier" ka har'a lingoliloeng tsa Serussia e ne e le lecha mofutakwalo ketsahalo - e 'se Comedy ea mekhoa. Fonvizin e hlalosa liketso tsa batho ba hlahang ka thepa ea ka tlung lapeng. satire hae ha se hahiloeng ka konkreite hobane ha e bolele bajari motho ea mekhoa e mebe ea sechaba.

Hlooho ea sehlopha le mosali oa hae ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho kena lenyalong, mora oa hae Ivanushka ka bohlale le e ntle Sophia, mogakolodi wa morali eo, ka ho sheba boitšoaro ba lelapa ha e batla ho kena le kamano le bona. Monyali ka boeena, haholo, ha a ikutloa la monyaluoa, 'me ha a utloa hore o ratana Dobrolyubova tiisetsa' mè oa khoebo ena. Ka tlung ho na le bolotsana: Brigadier oela ka lerato le moeletsi le moeletsi - ka mosali oa hae foromane, empa qetellong tsohle oela sebaka 'me a lule thaba feela Sophia le Dob.

"The Minor": khopolo le kakaretso

mosebetsi fetoha kgohlano kholo ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki. "The Minor" - ka ho fetisisa amogelwang Comedy classicism, matšoao a eo - tse tharo bonngoe, ka thata-thata ho arohana ka batho ba hlahang ntle 'me ka nyahama, ka ho bua mabitso - Fonvizin katleho latela. Ho na le mekhahlelo e 'meli ea nobility ka mongoli: bomenemene le bo tsoelang pele. Open ke sehlooho sa masisa-pelo a sa serfdom Russia. Playwright boitshomololedi bonahala ho bōptjoa ha litšoantšo tse ntle tseo ba ka rera lokela ho ba ho fana ka e le hantle thuto, empa o tsoela pele ho boloka matšoao a classicism. Ka Comedy le "The Minor" tlhaku Prostakova ne a le mosa ka oa tšenolo bakeng Fonvizin. Sena tlhaku e emetse ea ka setšoantšo sa Russia ea nang le masimo - se tla fihlela joale, ba meharo, ba mekhoa e metle, empa e lerato hae mora. Ho sa tsotellehe typicality tsohle, e senola litšobotsi tse ka bomong. tse ngata tsa bafuputsi ba bonoa Comedy le likarolo leseli baanelwa, ha ba bang ile a bua ka ho poetics normative tsa classicism.

Prost lelapa e rerile ho nyala mediocrity hae Mitrofanushka ka bohlale Girl Sophia. 'Mè le ntate oa nyelisa thuto le pheha khang ea hore tsebo ea sebōpeho-puo le mentlele ho letho le, leha ho le joalo, sebelisa e le mora oa mesuoe e hloahloa: Tsyfirkin, Vralmana, Kuteikin. Re na le ea hlōlisanang Mitrofan - Skotinin, Prostakova mor'abo rōna, ea batlang ho nyala le takatso ea ho ba e mong wa metsaneng le likolobe. Leha ho le joalo, banana ba lokeloa ke Milo monna; Malome Sophia Starodum amohelang hore tlamahano ea bona.