Liminerale Finland. Industry le moruo ka Finland

Sehlooho sena se tla tšohla Finland liminerale, tse qotsitsoeng ea bona, ho sebetsa le seabo moruo. Qala sehlooho sena e tla ba le hole ba ka bang ka nako ea lilemo tse limilione tse likete tse tharo tse fetileng, ha libaka tsena li ne li patoa tlas'a thaba ea leqhoa e khōlō. Haholo-holo ka lebaka la liketsahalo tsa nako eo mesaletsa ea Finland hlaha linomoro joalo.

lilemo leqhoa

E ne e le nakong ea leqhoa lilemo ka e khōlō ka phanele morema kristale leo e khōlō ea lera boima leqhoa kena karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše ho isa tekanyong ea hore ho thehoa tse peli tse kholo pond - Koung ea Bothnia le Leoatle Baltic, pele e neng e le matša pele. Ho glaciers entseng sebopeho sa naha ea Finland. Leqhoa botenya km khōlō ho feta tse tharo ba ile ba khona ho susumetsa lefatše ka bolona. Ba nka le hole le holim 'a limithara tse fetang tse supileng tsa rock.

Tsamaiso eohle ea matša Sefinnishe le majoe bokhothokhotho ba tlisoa ke lintho tse ngata e le ka le bolella kamoo Finland ea liphallelo e ile ea e le seo re ho bona kajeno. Tharo diphesente tsa naha - e bulehileng ka ho feletseng morema, le esita le ba etsang liphesente tse leshome le motso - e tšoanang morema sekhukhu ka ka botebo ba mithara le mong. Thanks ho mesaletsa Ice Age e Finland ke plurality tsa tšepe batho bao e seng ferrous le ka seoelo lefatšeng. ha e le hantle hore mehleng ea boholo-holo e ne e le naha ea thaba ea leqhoa e, ke ikutloa ho feletseng hohle ka har'a naha.

Finland hona joale

Sebaka moo ke Finland, - ka leboea ho Europe. Karolo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea naha e teng ka Scandinavian Hloahloeng. Ho arolelanang meeli le Norway, Russia, Sweden, holim 'a leoatle - le Estonia. sebaka seo ho ke ke tse nyenyane - km lisekoere tse makholo a mararo a mashome a mararo-likete tse robeli. Ho na le tse ka bang hlano le milione halofo batho, ke karolo e khōlō ea eona e lula motse-moholo - Helsinki - le metse e meng e nyenyane, 'me ba etsang liphesente tse mashome a mararo feela ea baahi ba - libakeng tse ling. Bongata ba matša, meru, mekhoabong - tšobotsi e khethollang la hore karolo ea lefatše moo ho na le Finland.

Ha ho ka tlaase ho moo thahasellisang dintlha libaka sebakeng sena limela le liphoofolo. Libere le likhama tse tloaelehile, empa seaparo sa matsoho a Finland e kamehla hlalosoa ha ba lulang libakeng tsena tau (le hoja ho lumeloa hore ka 1580 e ne e bitsoa morena oa libata trab). Ho tloha ka ho fetisisa tsa teng (lilemo tse ka bang makholo a mahlano lilemo) Finland tšoaroa ka profinseng ea Sweden, e ne e le Sweden ba morena oa Gustav Na ke oa setšoantšo sena. Seaparo sa matsoho a Finland ebe hlaha ka seemahale hae ka kereke Gothic la motse oa Uppsala. Ka mor'a nako e khutšoanyane, Finland e ne e le karolo ea Russia, 'me joale e ntan'o ba lion (kapa Kangna) di bontšitsoeng leqepheng thebe, e neng e fumaneha ka sefubeng sa moemphera habeli lihlooho ntsu.

jeokrafi

Geography ea Finland haholo ikhethang: borarong fetang tse peli tsa sebaka sa eona larileng ka limithara tse makholo a mabeli ka tlase ho bophahamo ba leoatle 'me e na le lebaka la lithoteng maralleng Moraine ka ponahalo khafetsa a mafika, likoting matša le maporogo maralla - Salpausselkä, Suomenselkä, Manselkya.

North-bophirimela ho naha lula lithabeng Scandinavian (bochabela pheletsong bona). Lithabeng ka Finland ka limithara tse 1365 - thabeng Haltiatunturi. A ka tlaasana ho tse mashome a tšeletseng likete matša, kapa ba etsang liphesente tse robeli tsa masimong tsohle theha tsamaiso e kholo metsi. Bolelele ba nōka ha ho joalo, empa ba ile ba ba feletseng tsa liphororo le metsi phahameng.

jioloji

Jioloji ea Finland e laolwang ke sebaka lona ka la Baltic Shield. Early Precambrian metamorphic mafika mona, hammoho le morema, 'me bohle bonahala podornuty haze thaba ea leqhoa' me glacial mobung oa nako Quaternary. Retreat ba thaba ea leqhoa e joalo bonahalang ka mekhahlelo e 'ohle a bona. Bothnia lifapano molato oa libaka hore fetela le ho fetisisa Ladoga letšeng sebakeng arola Precambrian lihlopha nako libakeng tse peli. Ka nģ'a bochabela ho ata ha mabanta Archean greenstone ea nako, ka tsela e hlollang overlapping sediments clastic le volcanics Jatulian (Pele Proterozoic).

Ho na le bona le ho ba amanang le mobung ea tšepe ea tšepe ea bohlokoa (le batho ba bang - inolofaletse): ho manya hase feela khauta, empa hape uraniamo, tšepe, koporo, nikele, botlaaseng tšepe, vanadium le cobalt. Le ka bophirimela ho na le ke calcareous alkaline mafikeng, shales le greywacke tlasa lilemo tse libilione tse peli boholo-holo, eo ho ile ha thehoa ka arcs ha seretse se chesang sehlekehleke sena 'me maoatle bakeng sa ho lema. Ba libakeng tse ngata ba plutons intruded ke granitoids, moo e khethehileng sebaka - Tsentralnofinlyandsky batholith. Ho na le e ngata mobung e nyenyane ea polymetallic, koporo, tšepe, nikele le seoelo lefatše manya.

ho etsa lipatlisiso

Ka 1947, tsa saense Geological Society, ka 1970 hlophisoa bocha Academy ile ha hlophisoa ka Finland. Ho ea bobeli, 'me e kopanela litabeng tsa jioloji le meepo ea naha. Motlhomamisi ke komiti e khethehileng, e leng setho sa sebopeho Academy moo litho tse bo-rasaense ba tšimong ea saense ea tlhaho. Hlahella litokollo tse 'me o thusa ho rarolla le karolo ea Board Academy, ho sebetsana le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa theknoloji,' me ba bonnete ba hore u kene ka lipotso tsohle le leng hape keletso - ithuta tikoloho.

Ka Finland, diyunivesithi di ithuta le morafo le jioloji, empa laea bana ba rutoa ka mafapha a tsa kakaretso (saense tsa tlhaho) le mokhelo feela. Sena ke City ea Helsinki University of Technology - State univesithi, thehiloe a 1908. Ho na le ke lefapha fapaneng tsa metallurgy le meepo. Leha ho le joalo, u ka bitsa e ngata diyunivesithi Sefinnishe hore ruta a fapa-fapaneng bafo, tse inseparably amanang le meepo le jioloji, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore mafapha ana ha ba arola le ho ba tloaelehileng,' me ba e nehetsoeng saense tsa tlhaho.

liminerale Finland

Chrome manya Finland ruileng ka ho fetisisa. Hape ho na le metšoasong kgolo le zinki, cobalt, nikele, koporo, apatite, vanadium, 'me nete hore e peat. Tsepe ea e epilwe ka leboea-bophirimela ho naha. Tšimong Pahtovara lokisetsa quartzites glandular, ka Kaymaryavi - apatites le magnetites, le McCall, Hitura le Kotalahti fa koporo le nikele. Tšepe ea tšepe ea bohlokoa ntshetswa pele e ka boroa ea Finland, Kemi le e ka leboea Lapland. Vammala depositi, Outokumpu, Vihanti na le khauta, silevera le lirafshoa polatinamo sehlopha (e qetellang ke hlokomolohuoang bolelelane).

Rare lirafshoa tse ntšitsoeng ka libaka tse ka boroa le e bohareng, moo masimo a ka sehloohong ke Kangasala Kemiyo le moo diteng tsa ilmenite manya e tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha ka, phlogopite, magnetite, zircon, pyrochlore baddelita. apatites manya, chromium vanadium ke bohlokoa haholo, Europe, le sebaka sa pele ea chelete ea cobalt - bobeli. E boetse e le ngata tsa manya a tšepe, zinki, koporo, nikele. Peat le batho bao e seng metallic liminerale tse ntšitsoeng ho pharaletseng ka Finland. Peat mobung ba bangata haholo 'me ba sebakeng hoo e batlang e pholletsa le naha, empa boholo, e mong le e ba bona ba e nyenyane. Moruong hlahisa mobung fetang hectars mashome a mabeli, e leng seams ho ba limithara tse fetang tse peli. Ka Finland, e le ha se mobung tsohle tse joalo.

manya

Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha mobung oa uraniamo manya ke ka Karelian quartzite-shale rarahaneng kapa meeli ea Archean morema-gneiss rarahaneng. mobung oa bohlokoa ha noutu ka Kolari Paltamo Paukayanvare le Noutiyarvi. Tšepe tšepe ba sebakeng likarolong leboea-bophirimela le e bohareng ea Finland. Hangata ka ho fetisisa di amanang le Karelian orogeny, ho leptitovoy sebopeho.

Har'a tšepe e na le quartzites ferruginous (Pahtovara), apatite le magnetidy (Kaymayarvi le ba bang), magnetite skarns (Oriyarvi le Tervola), ilmenite-magnetite (ka Otanmyaki le libakeng tse ling). mobung Skarn ba ntshetswa pele le magmatic rarahaneng. Vanadium le thaethaniamo ka manya a teng qetellong ka bochabela ea Baltic Shield. dibopeho tsena li amahanngoa le Lower le sredneproterozoyskim nako. Di ntshetswa pele masimong le Mustavara Otanmyaki.

polymetals

manya Chromium e concentrated tšimong e 'ngoe, e leng fepa indasteri eohle e fapaneng ka Finland. Sena Kemi - Koung ea Bothnia, lebōpong la leoatle tsa lona ka leboea. Cobalt, nikele, koporo le joaloka tšepe batho bao e seng ferrous etsahala tšepe ka Ladoga Bothnia lebanta, le Geological le masimo liindasteri senola mefuta e 'meli. Sena sulfide koporo-nikele ka Kotalahtinskoy subband lebanta (McCall, Hitura, Kotalahti le ba bang), moo ka karolelano koporo dikahare tsa 0,3%, 'me nikele - 1.2%.

The mofuta bobeli - ke stratimorfnye mobung pyrite tse amanang le graphite ba batsho shales (Hammaslakti, Vuonos, Outokumpu, 'me batho ba bang), moo silevera dikahare - dikgerama 11 ka thane e le ea manya, khauta - ho fihlela ho a mob mobile mong oa zinki - 7%, koporo - 3, 5%, 'me ho na le a batla a ea cobalt le nikele. Tšepe ba sebakeng masimong boroa oli ka Baltic Shield, moo, ho phaella ho zinki le loto khauta leng, koporo, silevera, 'me likarolo tse ling tse ngata.

indasteri ea Finland

Litšobotsi kakaretso ya mesebetsi ya moruo ya gdP naha e se ka 1986 ea e-ba limilione tse likete tse 357 FIM. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore palo ena e kamehla le butle-butle ho hōla. E le karolo ea thahasellisang ke hore indasteri ea meepo e ileng ea feela karolo ea leshome ea ka etsang liphesente tse gdP, 'me indasteri ea ho etsa thepa - fetang liphesente tse mashome a mabeli.

Ho sa tsotellehe ho mehloli toka kgolo matlotlo matsoai, le ka sehloohong leruo tsa tlhaho ho nkoa e moru hore koahela e fetang halofo ea naha ka kakaretso. Ka lebaka leo, ho makala tsohle tsa sehlooho tsa moruo Sefinnishe li kopanela ntshetsopeleng ya mehlodi ya tseo. Ho na le mathata a ka Finland le matla a, le hoja e qala ntshetsopeleng ya kgwebo ya mobung oa tuki tiileng le mokelikeli.

Joalokaha e ne e

mehlodi ya matsoai ba ntse ba ntshetswa pele ka Finland ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, esita le Sefinnishe litšōmo (runes) bolella ba tšepe tšepe. Leha ho fihlela ho lilemo tsa bo sometharo, ho phaella ho Lejoe le tšepe, ha ba sebelise letho. indasteri meepo nakong ea puso ea Sweden ka Finland e ne e sa pele, hobane esita le bakeng sa ho morolo 'me haholo-holo bakeng sa ntshetsopele ne ba lokela ho ba le tumello ea botho ea Morena oa Sweden.

Lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e ts'eletseng a qala ho manya ka tšepe le kolobe tšepe qhibiliha qeto ea feela ea leshome le metso e robeli, 'me e ne e le haufi le ho hlahisa artisanal. Lekholong la ea leshome le metso e robong, se a ntse a Russia, ba boholong ba ile ba qala ho khothatsa le ho morolo le tse qotsitsoeng ea thepa matsoai tala.

Joalokaha e ne e

Ka 1812, ba ea Russia Empire bōpiloe ka profensing ea hae ea pele ea Sefinnishe tsa Mines, ho tataisa morolo matlotlo matsoai le ho sebelisa ha bona. Pele u nyehlise melao Kulonsuonmyaki a ka ka tse qotsitsoeng ea manya a tšepe, 'me o ne a li akarelletsa ka ntshetsopele ya leshome le metso e ka 1829 mobung joalo. Ka lebaka la mehato e ba tsusumetso ea ho hlahisa ka bang tharo tsa boima ba lithane manya a tšepe, 'me khōlo ea indasteri e tsoela pele. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho kgolo boemo-o ne a ena, sebetsa fetang mashome a mahlano merafong nyane poraefete moo boleng manya haholo tlaasana ba tšereme mangole.

Russia o ile a nka e tšepe le mosebetsi-mahala koporo, kahoo kgolo ya tlhahiso ea feta boima ba lithane tse mashome a mane a metso e robeli sekete ka 1860. Koporo Oriyarvi o ile a qala ho hlahisa ka 1832, 'me ka bo-1870, li se li qapile mobung polymetallic ka Pitkyaranta. By 1895 ho, Finland hlahiswa tonnes 5.195 tsa koporo, lithane tse 425 tsa thini, hoo e ka bang robeli lithane tse tsa silevera, 'me ka Lapland phetetso hlatsoa khauta - ho fihlela ho dikilogeramo mashome a mahlano ka selemo. Fatile morema, syenite, tse neng li sebelisoa, eseng feela ka Finland: ngata mehaho ea St. Petersburg li ne li tobane le lejoe Sefinnishe. Kajeno, lihlahisoa tsohle tsa indasteri e meepo ka Finland e bohlokoa ho feta e le li-euro tse limilione tse likete selemo, e leng ho ikarabella ka hoo e ka bang mashome a mahlano likhoebo tse teng.