Libaktheria tsa putrefaction le li bole kapele '

Libaktheria phela hohle e re: ka mobu le ka metsing, ka tlaase ho mobu le ka tlas'a metsi, ka moea, a 'mele oa libōpuoa tse ling tsa tlhaho. Ho joalo, ho etsa mohlala, ka 'mele oa bophelo bo botle ba baholo moemeli oa moloko oa batho o lula mefuta e fetang 10 tse sekete tsa microorganisms,' me boima ba 'mele ea bona palo yohle e tsoa ho 1 ho ea ho ba etsang liphesente tse 3 tsa boima ba' mele palo yohle mele. libōpuoa tsa karolo e nyenyane e le tšebeliso ea lijo tsa manyolo. Har'a bona sebaka ba hlaheletseng hapa ke libaktheria putrefaction. Ba timetsa mesaletsa ea litopo tsa liphoofolo le limela, ho fepa ka taba ena.

thulaganyou e tsa tlhaho

The li bole kapele 'ea taba manyolo ke tshebetso tlhaho le hape e tlamang, joalokaha eka hantle rerile tlhaho. Ntle le ho bola ho ka be ho bile khonehe ajoa dintho Lefatšeng. Haeba leha e le efe, matšoao a ho li bole kapele 'bolela ho hlaha ha bophelo bo bocha, hlahella pele. Libaktheria bola mona - VIPs! Har'a leruo tsohle mefuta manyolo bophelo ba na le boikarabelo ba ka nako eo-o timetsang le thulaganyo bohlokoahali.

Seo e silafalitsoe

Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke hore e rarahaneng roba fatše ka likarolo pete ka taba tsa bona ka bophara. Morao-rao boemedi bo-rasaense ba ka tshebetso e fellang kateng metsoako manyolo ka inorganic, ka o ile a hlalosa e latelang:

• Libaktheria rua tshilong ya dijo ka ho bola, e le hore roba tsela lik'hemik'hale mekhoa ea puisano e hlahisa limolek'hule tse nang naetrojene. tshebetso le hlaha ka mokgwa matla nkhape protheine le-amino acid.
• Enzyme tse tsoetseng pele tse phelang nakong bokaholimo ba matsoele ho lokolloa ammonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide tloha protheine limolek'hule.
• Products kena 'mele hol libaktheria, li sebelisoa ho fumana matla.

ho lokolloa ammonia

The naetrojene potoloho - ea bohlokoa karolo ea bophelo Lefatšeng. A dikokwanyana amehang e - e mong oa lihlopha tse ngata ka ho fetisisa. Ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea tlhaho, ba phetha karolo e khōlō ho tsosolosa mobu mineralization. Kahoo lebitso la - decomposer (e bolelang "ho tsosolosa"). Ho na le haholo tse emetsoeng libaktheria tlontlollong le putrefaction ammonifying, i.e. khona ho lokolla naetrojene ho tloha taba bafu manyolo. Ho asporogenous enterobacteria, bacilli, spore-eaba ba etsa clostridia.

bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis - e mong oa atileng ka ho fetisisa, 'me bafuputsi ba ithutile baktheria. Phelang ka mobu, ha e le hantle o etsa respiration sebelisa oksijene. 'Mele oa sebopeho - ka ea nyutlelie ntle seleng. kokoana-hloko ena ke ka toka khōlō, setšoantšo sa e ka fumanoa ka ho eketseha mpa feela. Ho fana ka hlahisa furu bacillus protease - catalyzing enzyme e lula e shell a le ka ntle ea lisele tsa lona. Sebelisa enzyme libaktheria senya sebōpeho sa protheine molek'hule (peptide sosobaneng amino acid), amino sehlopha ka tsela eo ba lokolotsoeng. Ka tloaelo ho, tshebetso ena e hlaha ka ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa le e isa ho tswakana matla ka seleng (ATP). Ho senyeha ha bakoa ke libaktheria (hol), a tsamaea le sebopeho sa metsoako chefo tse kotsi ho batho.

ke ntho ena ke eng

Pele ke qetellong lihlahisoa tsa ammonia le sulfide hydrogen. Hape, haeba fella mineralization thehoa:

• chefo cadaveric (cadaverine, ho etsa mohlala);
• nkhang hamonate tlhaku komponeng (skatole, indole);
• ka silafalitsoe-amino acid tse nang sebabole, thiols thehoa, dimethylsulfoxide.

Ha e le hantle, ka mmeedi ya laolwa maloetseng li bole kapele thulaganyou e - e le karolo ea tsamaiso e tshilong ya dijo tsa liphoofolo tse ngata le ho batho. E hlaha hangata ka mala, 'me baktheria e bakang bola, a phetha karolo ea mathomo ho eona. Empa ho ka etsa hore liphello tse kotsi ka khōlō chefo lijo silafalitsoe. Monna eo o ile a ka tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea tlhokomelo ea meriana, ho hlatsoa mala le tsosolosa microflora phekolo. Ho phaella moo, ho bokella ammonia 'meleng ka kgona ho tlo qholotsoa ke mefuta e itseng ea libaktheria, ho kopanyelletsa le tse E. coli. Ka lebaka leo, ka ho ba bang ba lisele ipokellela ammonia. Empa ea ka tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea litsamaiso tsohle e ho amahanngoa le ho urea 'me ka nako eo excreted ho tloha' mele oa motho.

saprotrophs

Putrefaction libaktheria hlalositsweng saprotrophs, hammoho le belisoa ke libaktheria. Bobeli ho thuisoa metsoako manyolo - ea naetrojene le carbon, ka ho latellana. Maemong ao ka bobeli, matla a lokolloa hore e sebediswa bakeng sa lijo le ho pholoha ea microorganisms. Ntle le belisoa ea libaktheria (mohlala, lebese), moloko oa batho o ne a ke ke a fumana lijo tse joalo bohlokoa joaloka ka yogurt kapa chisi. Hape ho pharaletseng ba 'nile ha sebelisoa ka ho pheha le ho winemaking.

Empa libaktheria saprotrophic ka etsa hore bola le spoilage. Tshebetso ena e hangata a tsamaea le a pharaletseng a ho lokolloa ha carbon dioxide, ammonia, matla batho dintho tse chefo, hammoho le futhumatsang ea substrate (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho ho intša thothetsang molelo). Ka lebaka leo, batho ba ithutile ho bopa maemo ao le libaktheria silafalitsoe lahleheloa ke matla a bona a ho ikatisa, kapa e le feela shoa. mehato ena ho sireletsa lihlahisoa kenyeletsa sterilization le pasteurization, ke eo paballo ka a lula bakeng sa nako e batlang e le nako e telele. Lahleheloa ke thepa ea bona ea libaktheria le hatsele sehlahiswa. Mehleng ea khale, ha a e-s'o e tsejoa mekhoa ea kajeno ho tloha spoilage lihlahisoa pathogenic microflora sireletsa tšebeliso e omisa, salting, saccharification, joalokaha letsoai le tsoekere mahareng microorganisms khaotsa mesebetsi ea bona ea bohlokoa le nakong omisa tlosa boholo ba metsi a hlokahalang bakeng sa khōlo ea libaktheria .

Libaktheria tsa bola: bohlokoa ba ho dikokwanyana ka biosphere ho

Karolo e phethoang ke libaktheria joalo bakeng sa lintho tsohle tse phelang Lefatšeng ke ke overestimated. Ka biosphere e, ka lebaka la ho matla a bona a ho phela ammonifiers kamehla ka tshebetso ya ho li bole kapele 'ea limela shoeleng le liphoofolo le mineralization bona morago ga moo. Thehoa ka lebaka la lintho tse bonolo le metsoako ea tlhaho inorganic, har'a oona le carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfide hydrogen le ba bang ho akarelletsa ho ajoa ka likopi tsa dintho tse phepo e ntle bakeng sa limela, lekgutshwanyane fetiswa ha matla a moemeli e mong oa limela le liphoofolo tsa lefatše ho a mang, ho fana ka monyetla oa tsa bophelo bo bocha .

naetrojene ha e fumanehe bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha dimela e phahameng, 'me ntle le ho kenya letsoho ea libaktheria putrefaction ba ne ba sa ka ho feletseng fepa' me e hōle.

libaktheria Putrefaction ameha ka ho toba ka dithulaganyo mobu sebopeho, a bolang bafu tse bonahalang manyolo ka likarolo tsa lona karolo. Ke thepa ea bona phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho temo le lintho tse ling tse botho.

Qetellong, mosebetsi oa microorganisms ntle holim 'a re ea Lefatše, ho akarelletsa le libakeng tse metsi, o ne a ke hasane hohle le a bolang mele ea liphoofolo le limela,' me ba e-shoa bakeng sa palo e khōlō ea nako, ho ba teng ha lefatše!